Download or read book Effectiveness of Weight Management Programs in Children and Adolescents written by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2013-05-29 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Childhood and adolescent obesity has increased dramatically during the past 30 years and now represents one of the most pressing national and international public health priorities. During the early 1970s, 3 to 6 percent of American children and adolescents were obese. By 2004, this number had increased five fold to 16 to 18 percent of all US 6 to 19 year olds. This increase is especially troubling as obese children and adolescents have a greater risk for adult obesity, with its attendant health risks, and may experience obesity-related health conditions before adulthood, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, fatty liver disease, and elevated cardiovascular risk factors. Severe obesity in children and adolescents can be associated with severe health consequences and dire impacts on quality of life. The true toll of childhood obesity must be calculated across the lifespan since it often continues into adulthood. Thus, an important step to preventing adult obesity and its related health consequences is effectively treating childhood obesity. To this end, we conducted this systematic review to determine which treatments could effectively address child and adolescent obesity and overweight, including behavioral, pharmacological, and surgical treatment options. In conjunction with a Technical Expert Panel, we developed a set of five key research questions to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of behavioral, pharmacological, and surgical treatments for obese and overweight children and adolescents who were 2 to 18 years old. These research questions addressed various measures of the health impact of treatments to reduce or stabilize weight, including: short-term impacts on weight control (6 to12 months after enrolling in treatment); maintenance of weight changes in the medium-term (between 1 to 5 years after enrollment) or longer-term (5 or more years after enrollment); adverse effects of treatment (immediate and over time); beneficial effects of treatment, aside from weight control or weight loss; and treatment components or other factors that influence the effectiveness of treatments.

Download or read book Effectiveness of Weight Management Programs in Children and Adolescents written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effectiveness of Primary Care Interventions for Weight Management in Children and Adolescents an Updated Targeted Systematic Review for the USPSTF written by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2013-05-09 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This targeted systematic review was undertaken to assist the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) in updating its previous recommendation on screening and interventions for overweight in children and adolescents. Based on our previous systematic review in 2005, the USPSTF found insufficient evidence to recommend screening for overweight, due to uncertainties about the effectiveness of behavior counseling or other interventions with overweight children and adolescents that could be conducted in primary care settings or to which primary care clinicians can make referrals. Given recent work on another systematic review, Effectiveness of Weight Management Programs in Children and Adolescents, the USPSTF determined to focus its update on what was considered the critical evidence gap at the time of our last systematic review to allow an efficient and timely updating of their recommendation. Thus, for this targeted updated systematic review, we examine previous and newly available evidence on behavioral and pharmacological weight management interventions for overweight and/or obese children and adolescents (defined as those between 2 and 18 years of age that meet criteria for increased body mass index [BMI] appropriate to their age and sex) that are relevant to primary care practice. Attention to these differences in terminology is key, as children and adolescents defined as “overweight” in the 2005 report would now be defined as “obese”. And, while the current review is intended to fill the critical evidence gap about intervention effectiveness identified during the 2005 review, our previous review also found that there was insufficient evidence to ascertain the magnitude of the potential harms of screening or intervention. In this targeted update, the USPSTF focused our attention on updating both the benefits and potential harms of primary care feasible interventions, but did not choose to update the evidence on screening benefits or harms. Evidence on the harms as well as benefits of BMI screening programs, along with good data on the diagnostic accuracy of BMI as a measure of obesity in children, still appear to be lacking, resulting in arguments against the use of BMI screening of individuals in schools or in other screening programs that go beyond its use as a tool by clinicians for monitoring growth and development. The previous review also found fair evidence that obese adolescents and children (i.e., those at or above the 95th BMI percentile for age and sex) aged 8 years and older are at increased risk for becoming obese adults. Evidence on the benefits and harms of screening and on the risk of pediatric obesity persisting into adulthood will not be updated in the current review. Additionally, in keeping with the USPSTF focus on primary and secondary clinical preventive services, surgical treatment of obesity was considered out of scope for this updated review, since surgical treatment is only considered for extremely obese young people, particularly those who are experiencing negative health effects as a result of their obesity necessitating treatment. We therefore focus on behavioral and pharmacological interventions, both of which may be appropriate for less obese or overweight children who would be identified and treated in or in coordination with primary care. While prevention is a critical component of an overall public health strategy to address the dramatic increase in childhood and adolescent overweight in the United States and elsewhere, recent reviews indicate little empirical evidence of effective interventions for preventing development of overweight in clinical settings and are not included in this report. Guidance on obesity prevention thereby generally focuses on pragmatic advice for clinicians or on settings with evidence, as in schools and, to a lesser extent, community settings.

Download or read book Effectiveness of Weight Management Programs in Children and Adolescents written by Evelyn P. Whitlock and published by . This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Weighing the Options written by Committee to Develop Criteria for Evaluating the Outcomes of Approaches to Prevent and Treat Obesity and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-03-15 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly one out of every three adults in America is obese and tens of millions of people in the United States are dieting at any one time. This has resulted in a weight-loss industry worth billions of dollars a year and growing. What are the long-term results of weight-loss programs? How can people sort through the many programs available and select one that is right for them? Weighing the Options strives to answer these questions. Despite widespread public concern about weight, few studies have examined the long-term results of weight-loss programs. One reason that evaluating obesity management is difficult is that no other treatment depends so much on an individual's own initiative and state of mind. Now, a distinguished group of experts assembled by the Institute of Medicine addresses this compelling issue. Weighing the Options presents criteria for evaluating treatment programs for obesity and explores what these criteria mean--to health care providers, program designers, researchers, and even overweight people seeking help. In presenting its criteria the authors offer a wealth of information about weight loss: how obesity is on the rise, what types of weight-loss programs are available, how to define obesity, how well we maintain weight loss, and what approaches and practices appear to be most successful. Information about weight-loss programs--their clients, staff qualifications, services, and success rates--necessary to make wise program choices is discussed in detail. The book examines how client demographics and characteristics--including health status, knowledge of weight-loss issues, and attitude toward weight and body image--affect which programs clients choose, how successful they are likely to be with their choices, and what this means for outcome measurement. Short- and long-term safety consequences of weight loss are discussed as well as clinical assessment of individual patients. The authors document the health risks of being overweight, summarizing data indicating that even a small weight loss reduces the risk of disease and depression and increases self-esteem. At the same time, weight loss has been associated with some poor outcomes, and the book discusses the implications for program evaluation. Prevention can be even more important than treatment. In Weighing the Options, programs for population groups, efforts targeted to specific groups at high risk for obesity, and prevention of further weight gain in obese individuals get special attention. This book provides detailed guidance on how the weight-loss industry can improve its programs to help people be more successful at long-term weight loss. And it provides consumers with tips on selecting a program that will improve their chances of permanently losing excess weight.

Download or read book 2000 CDC Growth Charts for the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Life Course Perspective on Health Trajectories and Transitions written by Claudine Burton-Jeangros and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-11 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book examines health trajectories and health transitions at different stages of the life course, including childhood, adulthood and later life. It provides findings that assess the role of biological and social transitions on health status over time. The essays examine a wide range of health issues, including the consequences of military service on body mass index, childhood obesity and cardiovascular health, socio-economic inequalities in preventive health care use, depression and anxiety during the child rearing period, health trajectories and transitions in people with cystic fibrosis and oral health over the life course. The book addresses theoretical, empirical and methodological issues as well as examines different national contexts, which help to identify factors of vulnerability and potential resources that support resilience available for specific groups and/or populations. Health reflects the ability of individuals to adapt to their social environment. This book analyzes health as a dynamic experience. It examines how different aspects of individual health unfold over time as a result of aging but also in relation to changing socioeconomic conditions. It also offers readers potential insights into public policies that affect the health status of a population.

Download or read book Childhood Obesity written by Denise E. Wilfley and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clear, up-to-date guidance for professionals working with children with obesity. One in every six children, and more in some ethnic groups, are obese, which can lead to serious health problems in adulthood. Successful treatment of young patients is complex, requiring time-intensive, evidence- based care delivered by a multidisciplinary team. Help is at hand with this well written, compact book by leading experts, which gives health professionals a clear overview of the current scientific knowledge on childhood obesity, from causality models and diagnosis to prevention and treatment. In particular, the authors outline a family-based treatment method which is best supported by the evidence and meets the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics and other organizations. The appendix provides the clinician with hands-on tools: a session plan, a pretreatment assessment form, self-monitoring forms, and a meal planning and physical activity worksheet. This book is essential reading for anyone who works with children and their families, equipping them to guide patients to appropriate and effective treatment.

Download or read book The Challenge of Treating Obesity and Overweight written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-01-21 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Roundtable on Obesity Solutions of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a workshop in Washington, DC, on April 6, 2017, titled The Challenge of Treating Obesity and Overweight: A Workshop. The discussions covered treatments for obesity, overweight, and severe obesity in adults and children; emerging treatment opportunities; the development of a workforce for obesity treatments; payment and policy considerations; and promising paths to move forward. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Download or read book Energy Balance and Obesity written by Isabelle Romieu and published by IARC Working Group Report. This book was released on 2018-01-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the relationship between energy balance and obesity is essential to develop effective prevention programs and policies. The International Agency for Research on Cancer convened a Working Group of world-leading experts in December 2015 to review the evidence regarding energy balance and obesity, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries, and to consider the following scientific questions: (i) Are the drivers of the obesity epidemic related only to energy excess and/or do specific foods or nutrients play a major role in this epidemic? (ii) What are the factors that modulate these associations? (iii) Which types of data and/or studies will further improve our understanding? This book provides summaries of the evidence from the literature as well as the Working Group's conclusions and recommendations to tackle the global epidemic of obesity.

Download or read book Helping Your Overweight Child written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Screening for Obesity and Interventions for Weight Management in Children and Adolescents written by Elizabeth A. O'Connor and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity are common among children and adolescents in the United States, are associated with a number of negative health effects, and increase the likelihood of obesity in adulthood. PURPOSE: To systematically review the benefits and harms of screening for and treatment of obesity and overweight in children and adolescents. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Collaboration Registry of Controlled Trials, and the Education Resources Information Center through January 22, 2016 and examined references of relevant reviews. We included English-language studies of benefit or harm of screening for or treatment (behavior-based, orlistat, metformin) of overweight or obesity in children ages 2 to 18 years conducted in or recruited from health care settings. Two investigators independently reviewed titles and abstracts and full-text articles against prespecified inclusion and quality criteria and extracted data from all studies rated as fair or good quality. Weight outcomes were pooled using random effects meta-analyses for lifestyle-based weight loss management programs, stratified by estimated intervention contact hours, and for metformin. RESULTS: Among 45 (n=7,099) behavior-based interventions, larger benefits were seen with higher contact hours. Lifestyle-based weight loss programs (including those aiming to minimize weight gain with growth in height) with an estimated 26 or more contact hours consistently demonstrated small average reductions in excess weight in children and adolescents who were overweight or had obesity compared with usual care or other control groups, with no evidence of causing harm. Relative reductions in body mass index (BMI) z-score (zBMI) of 0.20 or more were typical, with intervention groups typically showing absolute reductions of 0.20 or more, maintaining their baseline weight within approximately 5 lb on average. Control groups generally showed small increases or no change in zBMI, which typically equated to gaining 5 to 17 lb on average. The absolute amount of excess weight lost was highly variable within studies, suggesting a wide range of benefit. Interventions offering 52 or more contact hours showed fairly consistent improvements in blood pressure; pooled mean differences in change between groups were -6.4 mm Hg (95% CI, -8.6 to -4.2; k=6; I2=51%) for systolic blood pressure and -4.0 mm Hg (95% CI, -5.6 to -2.5; k=6; I2=17%) for diastolic blood pressure. There were mixed findings for insulin and glucose parameters and no benefit for lipids. Benefits in cardiometabolic outcomes were not observed in trials with fewer than 52 estimated contact hours and were sparely reported. Use of metformin (8 trials, n=616) and orlistat (3 trials, n=779) were associated with BMI reductions of -0.86 kg/m2 (95% CI, -1.44 to -0.29; k=6; I2=0%) for metformin and -0.50 to -0.94 kg/m2 for orlistat, representing very small BMI reductions of about 2 percent from baseline. Medications showed small to no benefit for intermediate cardiometabolic outcomes, including fasting glucose level. Metformin trials were primarily limited to youth with insulin or glucose metabolism abnormalities, most of whom met adult criteria for severe obesity. Nonserious harms were common with medication use, although discontinuation due to adverse effects was usually less than 5 percent. We found no direct evidence on benefits or harms of screening for excess weight in children and adolescents. CONCLUSION: Evidence suggests that lifestyle-based weight loss interventions with 26 or more contact hours are likely to help reduce excess weight in children and adolescents; average effect sizes were relatively small and highly variable. The clinical significance of the small benefit of medication use is unclear.

Download or read book Prevention and Treatment of Childhood Obesity written by Christine L. Williams and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, containing 24 papers and 19 poster papers, reviews the etiology and epidemiology of childhood obesity. It explores genetic and contributory environmental factors. It also describes recent research and educational efforts in prevention of the condition, including programmes aimed at high-risk minority populations.

Download or read book The Effects of a Pediatric Weight Management Program on Self esteem in Children with Obesity written by Lindsay Watts Chenelle (Psy.D. candidate at the University of Hartford) and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Half of American children are currently overweight or obese, putting them at increased risk for a multitude of obesity-related health problems. Childhood obesity has been linked to physical, emotional, social, and economic consequences, many of which last well into adulthood. Pediatric obesity has also been associated with an increased risk for comorbid medical conditions, poor sleep health, and psychopathology. In children, these risks can be accompanied by lower academic achievement and less favorable social and psychological outcomes. All of these factors have been correlated to decreased self-esteem in children and adolescents diagnosed with the disease. Although there have been many research studies evaluating the self-esteem of children with obesity, this research is limited with regard to pediatric weight management programs based in the community. This dissertation provides a review of the current literature on the impact of pediatric obesity, as well as the current treatment options. It also describes the present study, which examined whether there are changes in the self-esteem of children who participate in a six-month weight management program that targets both the physical and psychological components of the disease. A standardized, multidimensional measure of self-esteem was used to assess how children think about themselves before and after participation in a weight management program. All children who completed the MIGHTY program reported improvements in overall self-concept, particularly with regard to their physical appearance and social functioning. Therefore, this study concluded that pediatric weight management programs in the community can be effective in improving the self-esteem of children diagnosed with obesity. It is hoped that the results of this study will inform future treatment and program development for children diagnosed with pediatric obesity.

Download or read book The Effectiveness of a Structured Long term Multi component Family based Weight Management Program in Reducing Body Mass Index Z scores and Improving Lifestyle Habits in Overweight obese Children and Adolescents written by D. Pauline Williams and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few studies have evaluated structured, long-term, family-based, weight management programs in children. This study's purpose was to determine if completion of such a program resulted in reduced body mass index (BMI) z-scores and improved lifestyle habits. An observational study overtime from 2008-2010 was conducted with 89 overweight/obese children. Subjects were divided into two groups, compliers (completed> 7 intervention classes) and non-compliers (completed

Download or read book Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-12-24 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To battle the obesity epidemic in America, health care professionals and policymakers need relevant, useful data on the effectiveness of obesity prevention policies and programs. Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention identifies a new approach to decision making and research on obesity prevention to use a systems perspective to gain a broader understanding of the context of obesity and the many factors that influence it.

Download or read book Obesogenic Environments written by Amelia Lake and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-06-09 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a world where obesity has now reached epidemic proportions, a thorough understanding of the underlying causes of the problem is essential if society, public health initiatives and government policies are to successfully address the issue. The obesogenic environment describes all the possible influences that our environment presents which encourage overweight and obesity in individuals and populations. Beginning with an overarching introduction to obesity and its implications for health and wellbeing, the book will move on to consider such crucial areas as eating behaviours and food environments, physical activity and the environment, the urban environment, methods, policy and future research directions. Brings together expertise from across a range of disciplines Written by a truly multidisciplinary team of international authors Presents some of the most innovative thinking in the battle against obesity This groundbreaking book brings together for the first time the knowledge of experts with backgrounds in nutrition and dietetics, policy, epidemiology, environmental sciences, medical sciences, town planning and urban design, transport, geography and physical activity in order to offer a multidisciplinary approach to public health, suggesting new and exciting ways to shape our environment to better support healthful decisions.