Download or read book Effectiveness of Interventions Targeting Young Men Aimed at Increasing Condom Use written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Investing in the Health and Well Being of Young Adults written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-01-27 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Young adulthood - ages approximately 18 to 26 - is a critical period of development with long-lasting implications for a person's economic security, health and well-being. Young adults are key contributors to the nation's workforce and military services and, since many are parents, to the healthy development of the next generation. Although 'millennials' have received attention in the popular media in recent years, young adults are too rarely treated as a distinct population in policy, programs, and research. Instead, they are often grouped with adolescents or, more often, with all adults. Currently, the nation is experiencing economic restructuring, widening inequality, a rapidly rising ratio of older adults, and an increasingly diverse population. The possible transformative effects of these features make focus on young adults especially important. A systematic approach to understanding and responding to the unique circumstances and needs of today's young adults can help to pave the way to a more productive and equitable tomorrow for young adults in particular and our society at large. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults describes what is meant by the term young adulthood, who young adults are, what they are doing, and what they need. This study recommends actions that nonprofit programs and federal, state, and local agencies can take to help young adults make a successful transition from adolescence to adulthood. According to this report, young adults should be considered as a separate group from adolescents and older adults. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults makes the case that increased efforts to improve high school and college graduate rates and education and workforce development systems that are more closely tied to high-demand economic sectors will help this age group achieve greater opportunity and success. The report also discusses the health status of young adults and makes recommendations to develop evidence-based practices for young adults for medical and behavioral health, including preventions. What happens during the young adult years has profound implications for the rest of the life course, and the stability and progress of society at large depends on how any cohort of young adults fares as a whole. Investing in The Health and Well-Being of Young Adults will provide a roadmap to improving outcomes for this age group as they transition from adolescence to adulthood.

Download or read book Sexually Transmitted Infections written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2021-12-24 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One in five people in the United States had a sexually transmitted infection (STI) on any given day in 2018, totaling nearly 68 million estimated infections. STIs are often asymptomatic (especially in women) and are therefore often undiagnosed and unreported. Untreated STIs can have severe health consequences, including chronic pelvic pain, infertility, miscarriage or newborn death, and increased risk of HIV infection, genital and oral cancers, neurological and rheumatological effects. In light of this, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, through the National Association of County and City Health Officials, commissioned the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to examine the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections in the United States and provide recommendations for action. In 1997, the Institute of Medicine released a report, The Hidden Epidemic: Confronting Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Although significant scientific advances have been made since that time, many of the problems and barriers described in that report persist today; STIs remain an underfunded and comparatively neglected field of public health practice and research. The committee reviewed the current state of STIs in the United States, and the resulting report, Sexually Transmitted Infections: Advancing a Sexual Health Paradigm, provides advice on future public health programs, policy, and research.

Download or read book Sexually Transmitted Infections E book written by Bhushan Kumar and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2014-02-10 with total page 1422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers all aspects (historical, epidemiological, diagnostic, clinical, preventative, public health and medico-legal) of STIs in complete detail with a special emphasis on STIs in special groups—migrants, homosexuals, and sexually abused. Covers basic and laboratory sciences extensively to blend with the basics required by the clinician for proper understanding of the disease process. Clinical photographs, illustrations, photographs of specimens and cultures, histopathology, flow charts and line diagrams are given extensively throughout the text to make relevant clinical situation self-explanatory. Has very useful and practical information for even the clinician in the periphery, where the investigative component is either non-existent or very basic and many new drugs are not available or unaffordable. Management of HIV in adults and children in resource-poor countries has been covered extensively along with syndromic management of STIs. This enables a physician to choose from approaches in a particular situation depending upon the available means—laboratory or therapeutic. Covers sexual dysfunction in both men and women and the basics of human sexual behavior and sexual health. Section Editors and Contributors from all continents of the world have made this a truly global reference book. It is a useful reference text for epidemiologists, public health experts, clinicians, microbiologists, health workers, social organizations and counselors working in the field of STIs, sexual health, and HIV.

Download or read book Behavioral Interventions for Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Diseases written by Sevgi O. Aral and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-03 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Before AIDS, the role of behavioral interventions in preventing transmission of sexually transmitted diseases was acknowledged in text books and journals but rarely promoted effectively in public health practice. This book addresses the complexities and social contexts of human behaviors which spread STDs, the cultural barriers to STD education, and the sociopolitical nuances surrounding treatment.

Download or read book Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections written by Jillian T. Henderson and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OBJECTIVE: To support an update to the USPSTF's previous recommendation on Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections, we systematically reviewed evidence on behavioral counseling interventions aimed at primary risk reduction for adolescents and adults. DATA SOURCES: Studies from the previous review were evaluated for inclusion, and we performed a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed (publisher-supplied only), PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Collaboration Registry of Controlled Trials for studies published between January 2013 and June 2018. A research librarian developed and executed the search strategy. STUDY SELECTION: Two researchers independently reviewed 4,649 abstracts and 273 full-text articles against prespecified inclusion criteria, then abstracted data from included studies. English-language controlled clinical trials published after 1999 were included to assess the direct health benefits, intermediate behavioral changes, and potential harms of interventions screening for STI prevention. Trials with control conditions of usual care, no treatment, attention control, or waitlist were included. Included study populations were pregnant and nonpregnant adolescents or adults of any sexual orientation, sexually active or not. Studies conducted in existing social networks (e.g., school classrooms, clubs, churches) were excluded, as were studies of interventions for HIV-positive individuals only. Included interventions included behavioral counseling to reduce STI risk, delivered alone or in combination with other sexual risk-reduction interventions, that were feasible to implement in or refer from primary care. Studies reporting incidence of STI or protective and risky sexual behaviors such as condom use or unprotected intercourse were eligible for inclusion if followup data at least 3 months from baseline were reported. DATA ANALYSIS: Eligible studies assessed to have high risk of bias (e.g., > 40% loss to followup) were excluded for poor quality according to standard USPSTF procedures. Descriptions of the study populations and intervention characteristics were provided for all included studies. The most consistently reported health and behavioral outcomes were analyzed with random effects meta-analysis to calculate pooled intervention effects when data were sufficient. We conducted meta-analyses of STI incidence, condom use, and unprotected intercourse, using the Dersimonian and Laird method or, when fewer than 10 trials were available for pooling, restricted maximum likelihood (REML) models with the Knapp-Hartung correction for small samples. We also examined differences in intervention effects by population, intervention, and study design characteristics, using planned and exploratory metaregression to identify sources of statistical heterogeneity for the main outcome of STI incidence. Finally, funnel plots and Egger tests for small-study effects were generated for all pooled analyses that included 10 or more studies. Using established methods, we assessed the strength of evidence for each key question. RESULTS: We included 39 studies (54 intervention arms) reported in 63 articles (n = 65,888), including 17 new studies not in the previous review. All but five studies were conducted in the United States, and one-third were good-quality trials. Over half of the studies enrolled women or girls only; nearly two-thirds were among adolescents or young adults; and over two-thirds reported that more than half of participants identified as a racial or ethnic minority. The behavioral counseling interventions tested in the trials employed a range of behavior change strategies, with individual or group counseling a component of over two-thirds of the intervention arms. Eight trials tested interventions with low contact times (30 minutes), and high contact time interventions (120 minutes) were included in over half of the included trials. Behavior change techniques based on cognitive behavioral therapy or motivational interviewing were included in over one-third of the interventions, and the content of the interventions was often derived from concepts outlined in behavior change theories. Twenty-one studies reported STI outcomes. Meta-analysis spanning all studies providing adequate data showed that the interventions were associated with one-third lower odds of STI (19 RCTs; n=52,072; odds ratio [OR], 0.66 [95% CI, 0.54 to 0.81]; I2 74%) but statistical and clinical heterogeneity was high among studies. Behavioral outcomes were reported in 34 trials (n = 21,417), but inconsistency in measures used and outcomes reported limited meta-analysis. Eighteen studies reported condom use outcomes (n = 9,205). There was evidence that interventions were associated with increased condom use in meta-analysis of dichotomous reports such as consistent condom use (13 RCTs; n=5,253; odds ratio [OR], 1.31 [95% CI, 1.10 to 1.56]; I2 40%) and greater percentage times condoms were used with sexual intercourse (7 trials; n randomized = 2,920; mean difference [MD], 10.75 [95% CI, 1.01 to 20.50]; I2 79%). For studies reporting counts of unprotected intercourse (i.e., without a condom), measures were inconsistently defined with regard to the types of intercourse (vaginal, anal, any), time period assessed, and partnerships (e.g., any partner, non-primary partner). Behavioral interventions tested in studies that reported this outcome also were associated with a reduction in sexual risk behaviors. Intervention was associated with fewer unprotected sexual acts (14 RCTs; n = 9,183; mean difference [MD], −0.94 [95% CI, −1.40 to −0.48]; I2 16%). There was not evidence of small study effects. Meta-regression to assess potential sources of statistical heterogeneity was limited by correlated study features and the number of studies reporting STI outcomes. There was limited evidence suggesting potentially stronger effects for interventions that included group counseling or higher contact times (> 2 hours). LIMITATIONS: Our search was limited to English-language literature. We excluded trials with active comparators (i.e., comparative effectiveness), conducted in existing social networks (e.g., clubs, schools, workplaces), interventions focused on reducing transmission among HIV-positive individuals, and people very high STI risk behaviors requiring specialized preventive care (e.g., IV drug using, engaged in sex work). Statistical and clinical heterogeneity were high for the included evidence. The direct evidence for STI prevention was consistent and precise, but the diversity of study populations, interventions, and effect sizes contributed to a wide range of effects. Factors explaining the range of effects were difficult to disentangle because they tended to be highly correlated. For behavioral outcomes, the outcomes reported and specific measures used were highly variable, and limited the estimation of pooled effects across studies such that only a subset of fewer than half of the included studies could be combined. Furthermore, self-reported behavioral outcomes, particularly those involving sexual practices, are likely to be affected by social desirability and recall bias. Men, older adults, gay, bisexual, and transgender people were not well-represented in the included study populations. CONCLUSIONS: For individuals at increased risk for STI, there are effective behavioral counseling interventions for reducing STI incidence, by increasing condom use, and reducing sexual risk behaviors. There was no evidence of intervention harms, but few studies reported on potential adverse effects. Research is needed to address gaps in the literature on primary care feasible behavioral interventions that could apply to more heterogeneous populations seen in primary care and to address the needs of specific populations at heightened risk for STI not represented in this body of evidence.

Download or read book The Condom Carnival Assessment of a Novel Group Intervention Aimed to Decrease Sexual Risk and Increase Condom Use Among College Students written by Mollie Blair Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: College students frequently report not using condoms, placing them at risk for unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. This study aimed to investigate the preliminary efficacy, acceptability, and feasibility of The Condom Carnival, a novel, brief, interactive, culturally-tailored, and peer-led sexual risk reduction group intervention for college students. A longitudinal, randomized controlled trial was utilized to compare the efficacy of the Condom Carnival to an education-only control condition (HIV/STI 101) and a treatment control condition (VOICES/VOCES, a CDC effective behavioral intervention). To encourage college students to increase their condom use and lower their sexual risk, the Condom Carnival has three specific aims: 1) address knowledge deficits in sexual health information, 2) improve condom-related self-efficacy, and 3) increase awareness of risky sexual behaviors. Due to the interactive, skills-based, and peer-led nature of the Condom Carnival, we hypothesized that participants would report greater efficacy and acceptability of the Condom Carnival compared to the other interventions. Undergraduate and graduate students were trained as Condom Carnival peer-facilitators. 119 undergraduates, aged 18-57 year (M = 21.8), were recruited for this study. Student were 77% Female, 52% Black, 42% White, 6% Latino, and 1% Asian. All questionnaires (pre-, post-, and follow-up) were administered online. Two-way Mixed ANOVAs, McNemar's tests, and a One-way ANOVA were used to examine the interventions' comparative efficacy and acceptability; frequencies were examined to determine the feasibility of Condom Carnival activities. The Condom Carnival had higher acceptability ratings and performed better than the education-only condition in teaching participants about lubricant safety and correct condom use skills. The Condom Carnival had equivalent acceptability and efficacy as VOICES/VOCES in teaching sexual health information (HIV and lubricant safety knowledge), improving facets of condom-related self-efficacy (condom negotiation strategies and correct condom use skills), and increasing awareness of risky sexual behaviors (lowering number of sexual partners, decreasing general sexual risk, and increasing safe sex behaviors). All Condom Carnival participants engaged in every activity, thus displaying excellent feasibility. The Condom Carnival, with its scalability, has utility for teaching college students sexual risk reduction and condom use promotion. This study is promising for intervention researchers, community preventionists, and campus service providers.

Download or read book Fundamentals of HIV Medicine 2019 written by W. David Hardy and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019-06-10 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential work in HIV for providers and pharmacists -- updated with everything they need to know in 2019! Assembled by the leading educational organization in HIV medicine, AAHIVM's Fundamentals of HIV Medicine 2019 is an end-to-end clinical resource for the treatment of individuals with HIV/AIDS. It offers state-of-the-art practical advice for physicians, pharmacists, nurse practitioners, and other professionals working in the care of HIV patients. Along with updates to the classic domains of HIV medicine, this new edition features expanded coverage of emerging topics, including: behavioral and therapeutic interventions to HIV prevention; updates on the pursuit of a cure; new DHHS and IAS guidelines and their clinical implications; and the myriad issues around aging with HIV. Embodying the American Academy of HIV Medicine's commitment to excellence in the care of seropositive patients, Fundamentals of HIV Medicine 2019 is must-have for health professionals across HIV care, treatment, and prevention.

Download or read book Preventing and Mitigating AIDS in Sub Saharan Africa written by National Research Council (U.S.). Panel on Data and Research Priorities for Arresting AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The AIDS epidemic in Sub-Saharan Africa continues to affect all facets of life throughout the subcontinent. Deaths related to AIDS have driven down the life expectancy rate of residents in Zambia, Kenya, and Uganda with far-reaching implications. This book details the current state of the AIDS epidemic in Africa and what is known about the behaviors that contribute to the transmission of the HIV infection. It lays out what research is needed and what is necessary to design more effective prevention programs.

Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 6 written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.

Download or read book Relative Efficacy of a Pregnancy STI Or HIV Prevention focused Intervention on Changing Sexual Risk Behavior Among Young Adults written by Wynne Elyse Norton and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Department of Health and Human Services written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 964 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Focus written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sexual and Reproductive Health written by Paul Van Look and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-02-17 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together two areas of health that are among the foci of current development efforts, as articulated by the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), namely sexual and reproductive health (MDG 5: improve maternal health, target 2: achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health); and Gender (MDG 3: promote gender equality and empower women). Few, if any, published books have dealt in a comprehensive way with public health aspects of these two strongly interrelated areas of health. Most published volumes devoted to sexual and reproductive health have a strong clinical focus, whereas books on gender tend to concentrate primarily on the socio-cultural and anthropological aspects of the subject. - Focuses on the relationship between sexual and reproductive behaviors and the resulting impact on populations and societies as a group - Provides a science-based approach to identifying appropriate response plans, adaptations, and mitigation steps for related behaviors - Explores the financial and societal impact of behavioral choices - Includes new preface specifically for this audience

Download or read book World Development Report 2012 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011-09-01 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This year's World Development Report looks at facts and trends regarding the various dimensions of gender equality in the context of the development process.

Download or read book Handbook of Mental Health in African American Youth written by Alfiee M. Breland-Noble and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-22 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook fills major gaps in the child and adolescent mental health literature by focusing on the unique challenges and resiliencies of African American youth. It combines a cultural perspective on the needs of the population with best-practice approaches to interventions. Chapters provide expert insights into sociocultural factors that influence mental health, the prevalence of particular disorders among African American adolescents, ethnically salient assessment and diagnostic methods, and the evidence base for specific models. The information presented in this handbook helps bring the field closer to critical goals: increasing access to treatment, preventing misdiagnosis and over hospitalization, and reducing and ending disparities in research and care. Topics featured in this book include: The epidemiology of mental disorders in African American youth. Culturally relevant diagnosis and assessment of mental illness. Uses of dialectical behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy. Community approaches to promoting positive mental health and psychosocial well-being. Culturally relevant psychopharmacology. Future directions for the field. The Handbook of Mental Health in African American Youth is a must-have resource for researchers, professors, and graduate students as well as clinicians and related professionals in child and school psychology, public health, family studies, child and adolescent psychiatry, family medicine, and social work.

Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: