Download or read book Effect of Water Vapour on the Oxidation of Fe Cr Ni Alloy at 1073 K written by Akhbar bin Kaderi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ferritic Fe-9 to 12%Cr alloy has its importance in the development of the new generation Ultra-Supercritical (USC) Power Plant because the targeted operating temperature is reaching 973 K, in 100% steam condition and pressure in excess of 30 × 106 Pa. In such condition, the integrity of Fe-9 to 12%Cr alloy relies on the oxide scale formed during the time of exposure. Various studies showed that the protective oxide scale degraded in the presence of water vapour. Understanding on this mechanism has yet to reach any conclusion. These led to the need of studying the initial stage oxidation of these alloys in water vapour condition at high temperature. This work is giving special attention to the effect of water vapour on the formation of voids in the oxide scale and the changes in the surface energy prior to oxidation. These voids will affect the mechanical property of scales through cracking and spalling. Fe-Cr-Ni alloy with thickness of 1 mm and Cr samples with dimensions 10 mm × 10 mm × 1 mm were exposed isothermally at 1073 K in air (PO2 )= 2.1×105 Pa) and humid (air + steam) environments. XRD analysis confirms that Fe2O3, Fe3O4, NiCr2O4, FeCr2O4, Cr2O3 and NiO exist in the scale of Fe-Cr-Ni alloy. EDX analysis shows compositions of Fe, Cr, Ni and O varied in outer and inner oxide scale, oxide scale/metal interface and metal. Volume fraction of voids in the oxide scale calculated based on the FE-SEM's micrograph of the cross sectional area fraction of voids in the scale. Fe-Cr-Ni alloy samples exposed in humid environment has as high as 86% more voids than that exposed in dry environment. The humid environment increased the number of void formed in the oxide scale, thus facilitates the exfoliation of protective scale during the high temperature oxidation. The effects of water vapour on the surface energy of metal were performed on Cr metals. XRD analysis on all samples shows that Cr2O3 can be formed in dry and humid environment. SEM reveals the surface oxide morphology consisting of nodule-like structure in dry samples and whisker-like structure in humid samples. IR transmission spectra for samples oxidized in dry environment, were consisting of more intense peak while samples oxidized in humid environment has more relaxed peak. Based on these evidences, adsorption of water occurred during the oxidation contributed to the increases in oxidation rate of Cr. This could be explained by the increased catalytic activity on the surface of the metal. The increased in catalytic activity correlated with the increase in surface energy as proven by the study on the Cr metal. The increased in surface energy facilitates the solubility and diffusivity of oxidant and cation into the metal or alloy. This has caused greater volume of void formed in humid environment as demonstrated in the oxidation of Fe-Cr-Ni alloy. It is concluded that void formation and surface energy changes played greater role in increasing the oxidation rate of ferritic alloy in humid environment.
Download or read book The High temperature Oxidation of Fe Cr Co Cr and Ni Cr Alloys in Oxygen and Water Vapour written by I. G. Wright and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advanced Materials and Processes II written by Hong Bing Ji and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page 2514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These 507 peer-reviewed papers are grouped into the chapters: Non-Ferrous Metal Materials; Iron and Steel; Composites; Micro/Nano Materials; Optical/Electronic/Magnetic Materials; Building Materials and Structural Mechanics; New Materials and their Application; Energy Materials and Energy Storage Materials; Material Forming, Machining and Joining; Material Preparation, Properties and Failure; Thin Films/Surface Engineering/Coatings; Computer Application, Mathematical Modeling and Analysis; Modeling, Simulation and Emulation; Product Design, Manufacturing and Maintenance. This compilation offers invaluable insights into current thinking concerning materials usage.
Download or read book High Temperature Corrosion and Materials Chemistry IV written by Elizabeth J. Opila and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 2003 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " ... papers presented at the Fourth International Symposium on High Temperature Corrosion and Materials Chemistry, held at the 203rd meeting of the Electrochemical Society, Inc., in Paris, France, April 30- May 2, 2003"--Preface.
Download or read book High Temperature Corrosion and Materials Chemistry written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dechema corrosion handbook corrosive agents and their interaction with materials written by Dieter Behrens and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Corrosion Protection against Carbon Dioxide written by Michael Schütze and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-07-18 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handy reference compiles the latest data on the corrosion behavior of materials coming into contact with CO2 -- with 95% of the contents previously unpublished. It is clearly structured according to material, and covers metals, non-metallic inorganic materials and plastics as well as including information about corrosion protection. The result is a must-have for all engineers and scientists dealing with corrosion problems in CO2-containing environments.
Download or read book High temperature Oxidation of Rapidly solidified Fe Cr Ni Alloys Containing Si written by Katayun Barmak and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 1628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Corrosion Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modern Gas Turbine Systems written by Peter Jansohn and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-08-31 with total page 849 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern gas turbine power plants represent one of the most efficient and economic conventional power generation technologies suitable for large-scale and smaller scale applications. Alongside this, gas turbine systems operate with low emissions and are more flexible in their operational characteristics than other large-scale generation units such as steam cycle plants. Gas turbines are unrivalled in their superior power density (power-to-weight) and are thus the prime choice for industrial applications where size and weight matter the most. Developments in the field look to improve on this performance, aiming at higher efficiency generation, lower emission systems and more fuel-flexible operation to utilise lower-grade gases, liquid fuels, and gasified solid fuels/biomass. Modern gas turbine systems provides a comprehensive review of gas turbine science and engineering.The first part of the book provides an overview of gas turbine types, applications and cycles. Part two moves on to explore major components of modern gas turbine systems including compressors, combustors and turbogenerators. Finally, the operation and maintenance of modern gas turbine systems is discussed in part three. The section includes chapters on performance issues and modelling, the maintenance and repair of components and fuel flexibility.Modern gas turbine systems is a technical resource for power plant operators, industrial engineers working with gas turbine power plants and researchers, scientists and students interested in the field. - Provides a comprehensive review of gas turbine systems and fundamentals of a cycle - Examines the major components of modern systems, including compressors, combustors and turbines - Discusses the operation and maintenance of component parts
Download or read book Introduction to the High Temperature Oxidation of Metals written by Neil Birks and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-16 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A straightforward treatment describing the oxidation processes of metals and alloys at elevated temperatures. This 2006 second edition retains the fundamental theory but incorporates advances made in understanding degradation phenomena. The first half provides an authoritative introduction to the basic principles, covering thermodynamics and mechanisms of high temperature corrosion of metals and alloys. The latter half extends the discussion to oxidation processes in complex systems, from reactions in mixed environments to protective techniques, including coatings and atmosphere control. The authors provide a logical and expert treatment of the subject, producing a revised edition that will be a comprehensive guide to material scientists and engineers requiring an understanding of this elementary process.
Download or read book Introduction to High Temperature Oxidation and Corrosion written by A. S. Khanna and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text for graduate and post graduate students covers fundamentals of high temperature corrosion and related topics. Early chapters cover the thermodynamics and kinetics of oxidation and defect structure of oxides and diffusion in oxides, and later chapters cover thin and thick layer oxidation, o
Download or read book Alloys Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 1000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Development of Gas Turbine Materials written by G.W. Meetham and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The turbine has many advantages over other prime movers for producing power. The first turbine used water as the working fluid and this principle is still used in hydro-electric power generation. The steam turbine was developed late in the nineteenth century and was first applied to marine propulsion by Parsons in 1897. Since that time it has become the most widely used prime mover in electricity generation and marine propulsion. The equipment required to generate steam is bulky however and it was realised that much more compact power plant could be designed if the hot gases used for steam generation could drive the turbine directly. Early attempts to produce gas turbines were unsuccessful for several reasons, one major problem being that materials with the capability of operating at sufficiently high stresses and temperatures were not available. Following the first experimental Whittle engine in 1937, the emphasis on the development of the gas turbine engine for aircraft propulsion during World War II changed this situation dramatically. Gas turbine powered civil aircraft entered airline service in the early 1950s and gas turbines also began to compete successfully in other fields. Apart from the aircraft market, they have been used widely in pumping sets for oil and gas transmission pipelines and peak load electricity generation. Use in warship propulsion is increasing and there is currently major activity, in the USA in particular, in developments for vehicular propulsion.
