Download or read book Effect of Water Chemistry and Composition on Microstructural Evolution of Oxide on Zr Alloys written by B. X. Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The microstructure of oxide films formed on Zircaloy-4 and Alloy No. 3, which has a composition similar to ZIRLOTM, was investigated by high resolution transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and by scanning probe microscopy after corrosion tests performed at 360°C/18.6 MPa in deionized water or lithiated water with 0.01 M LiOH. The microstructural evolution of the oxide films was analyzed by comparing the microstructure at different depths in the oxide layer. The defects, consisting of vacancies and interstitials, such as points, lines, planes, and volumes, were produced during the oxide growth. Monoclinic, tetragonal, cubic, and amorphous phases were detected and their coherent relationships were identified. The characteristic of oxide with such microstructure had an internal cause, and the temperature and time were the external causes that induced the microstructural evolution during the corrosion process. The diffusion, annihilation, and condensation of vacancies and interstitials under the action of stress, temperature, and time caused stress relaxation and phase transformation. It was observed, in the middle of the oxide layer, that the vacancies absorbed by grain boundaries formed pores to weaken the bonding strength between grains. Pores formed under compressive stress lined up along the direction parallel to the compressive stress. Thus, cracks developed from the pores were parallel to the oxide/metal interface. Li+ and OH- incorporated in oxide films were adsorbed on the wall of pores or entered into vacancies to reduce the surface free energy of the zirconium oxide during exposure in lithiated water. As a result, the diffusion of vacancies and the formation of pores were enhanced, inducing the degradation of the corrosion resistance. The relationship between the corrosion resistance of zirconium alloys and the microstructural evolution of oxide films affected by water chemistry and composition is also discussed.
Download or read book The Effect of Water Chemistry on the Oxidation of Zirconium Alloys Under Reactor Radiation written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Water Chemistry on the Oxidation of Zirconium Alloys Under Reactor Radiation written by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited and published by Chalk River, Ont. : Atomic Energy of Canada Limited. This book was released on 1968 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings Annual Conference written by Canadian Nuclear Society. Conference and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microstructural Characterization of Oxides Formed on Model Zr Alloys Using Synchrotron Radiation written by A. T. Motta and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To understand how alloy chemistry and microstructure impact corrosion performance, oxide layers formed at different stages of corrosion on various model zirconium alloys (Zr-xFe-yCr, Zr-xCu-yMo, for various x, y) and control materials (pure Zr, Zircaloy-4) were examined to determine their structure and the connection of such structure to corrosion kinetics and oxide stability. Microbeam synchrotron radiation diffraction and fluorescence of oxide cross sections were used to determine the oxide phases present, grain size, and orientation relationships as a function of distance from the oxide-metal interface. The results show a wide variation of corrosion behavior among the alloys, in terms of the pretransition corrosion kinetics and in terms of the oxide susceptibility to breakaway corrosion. The alloys that exhibited protective behavior at 500°C also were protective during 360°C corrosion testing. The Zr-0.4Fe-0.2Cr model ternary alloy showed protective behavior and stable oxide growth throughout the test. The results of the examination of the oxide layers with microbeam X-ray diffraction show clear differences in the structure of protective and nonprotective oxides both at the oxide-metal interface and in the bulk of the oxide layer. The nonprotective oxide interfaces show a smooth transition from metal to oxide with metal diffraction peaks disappearing as the monoclinic oxide peaks appear. In contrast, the protective oxides showed a complex structure near the oxide-metal interface, showing peaks from Zr3O suboxide and a highly oriented tetragonal oxide phase with specific orientation relationships with the monoclinic oxide and the base metal. The same interfacial structures are observed through their diffraction signals in protective oxide layers formed during both 360°C and 500°C corrosion testing. These diffraction peaks showed much higher intensities in the samples from 500°C testing. The results for the various model alloys are discussed to help elucidate the role of individual alloying elements in oxide formation and the influence of oxide microstructure on the corrosion mechanism.
Download or read book Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry written by Gerry D. Moan and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 2002 with total page 891 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation The 41 papers of this proceedings volume were first presented at the 13th symposium on Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry held in Annecy, France in June of 2001. Many of the papers are devoted to material related issues, corrosion and hydriding behavior, in-reactor studies, and the behavior and properties of Zr alloys used in storing spent fuel. Some papers report on studies of second phase particles, irradiation creep and growth, and material performance during loss of coolant and reactivity initiated accidents. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR.
Download or read book Influence of Zirconium Alloy Chemical Composition on Microstructure Formation and Irradiation Induced Growth written by AV. Tselischev and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The studies of the dislocation structure, phase, and microchemical compositions of alloy Zr-1Nb-1.2Sn-0.35Fe (E635) and its modifications containing Fe from 0.15 to 0.65% were carried out before and after research reactor irradiation at ~350°C to maximal fluence of ~1027 m-2 (E > 0.1 MeV) and at ~60°C. The size and concentration of the a-type loops depend on the alloy composition and fluence and saturate even at low doses (1 dpa). The evolution of the c-component dislocation structure in recrystallized alloys of E365 type is determined by the chemical and phase compositions of alloys specifically, by the Fe/Nb ratio and the threshold dose, and is consistent with the irradiation growth strain acceleration. In E635 alloy containing 0.15%Fe the accelerated growth is observed after the dose of 15 dpa and is attended with the evolution of the c dislocation structure which is similar to Zr-1Nb (E110) alloy behavior. The irradiation induced growth of E635 type alloy containing 0.65% Fe is similar to that of E635 having the normal composition; no
Download or read book Comprehensive Nuclear Materials written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-07-22 with total page 4871 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials in a nuclear environment are exposed to extreme conditions of radiation, temperature and/or corrosion, and in many cases the combination of these makes the material behavior very different from conventional materials. This is evident for the four major technological challenges the nuclear technology domain is facing currently: (i) long-term operation of existing Generation II nuclear power plants, (ii) the design of the next generation reactors (Generation IV), (iii) the construction of the ITER fusion reactor in Cadarache (France), (iv) and the intermediate and final disposal of nuclear waste. In order to address these challenges, engineers and designers need to know the properties of a wide variety of materials under these conditions and to understand the underlying processes affecting changes in their behavior, in order to assess their performance and to determine the limits of operation. Comprehensive Nuclear Materials, Second Edition, Seven Volume Set provides broad ranging, validated summaries of all the major topics in the field of nuclear material research for fission as well as fusion reactor systems. Attention is given to the fundamental scientific aspects of nuclear materials: fuel and structural materials for fission reactors, waste materials, and materials for fusion reactors. The articles are written at a level that allows undergraduate students to understand the material, while providing active researchers with a ready reference resource of information. Most of the chapters from the first Edition have been revised and updated and a significant number of new topics are covered in completely new material. During the ten years between the two editions, the challenge for applications of nuclear materials has been significantly impacted by world events, public awareness, and technological innovation. Materials play a key role as enablers of new technologies, and we trust that this new edition of Comprehensive Nuclear Materials has captured the key recent developments. Critically reviews the major classes and functions of materials, supporting the selection, assessment, validation and engineering of materials in extreme nuclear environments Comprehensive resource for up-to-date and authoritative information which is not always available elsewhere, even in journals Provides an in-depth treatment of materials modeling and simulation, with a specific focus on nuclear issues Serves as an excellent entry point for students and researchers new to the field
Download or read book Cold Spray Coatings written by Pasquale Cavaliere and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-08 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book combines the contributions of experts in the field to describe the behavior of various materials, micromechanisms involved during processing, and the optimization of cold-spray technology. It spans production, characterization, and applications including wear resistance, fatigue, life improvement, thermal barriers, crack repair, and biological applications. Cold spray is an innovative coating technology based on the kinetic energy gained by particles sprayed at very high pressures. While the technique was developed in the 1990s, industrial and scientific interest in this technology has grown vastly in the last ten years. Recently, many interesting applications have been associated with cold-sprayed coatings, including wear resistance, fatigue life improvement, thermal barriers, biological applications, and crack repair. However, many fundamental aspects require clarification and description.
Download or read book Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry Tenth International Symposium written by A. M. Garde and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1994 with total page 805 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-03-29 with total page 5276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry: Surface Science and Electrochemistry, Seven Volume Set summarizes current, fundamental knowledge of interfacial chemistry, bringing readers the latest developments in the field. As the chemical and physical properties and processes at solid and liquid interfaces are the scientific basis of so many technologies which enhance our lives and create new opportunities, its important to highlight how these technologies enable the design and optimization of functional materials for heterogeneous and electro-catalysts in food production, pollution control, energy conversion and storage, medical applications requiring biocompatibility, drug delivery, and more. This book provides an interdisciplinary view that lies at the intersection of these fields. Presents fundamental knowledge of interfacial chemistry, surface science and electrochemistry and provides cutting-edge research from academics and practitioners across various fields and global regions
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microstructure and Growth Mechanism of Oxide Layers Formed on Zr Alloys Studied with Micro Beam Synchrotron Radiation written by A. Yilmazbayhan and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The structures of oxides formed in water and lithiated water on three Zr-based alloys with varied corrosion behavior were studied with micro-beam synchrotron radiation and optical microscopy. Micro-beam synchrotron radiation (0.2 ?m spot) has a unique combination of high elemental sensitivity (ppm level) and fine spatial resolution that allowed the determination of various oxide characteristics such as phase content, texture, grain size, and composition as a function of distance from the oxide-metal interface.
Download or read book Light Alloys written by Ian Polmear and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-11-11 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive overview of the science and metallurgy of aluminum, magnesium, titanium and beryllium alloys, this is the only book available covering the background materials science, properties, manufacturing processes and applications of these key engineering metals in a single accessible volume. Use of these metals is now more widespread than ever, and they are routinely found in motor vehicles and aircraft. New material includes materials characteristics and applications; heat treatment properties; fabrication; microstructure/property relationships; new applications and processes. The definitive single volume overview New material on processing, characteristics and applications of these essential metals Covers the latest applications and processes in the auto and aero industries
Download or read book Microstructure Evolution in Zr Alloys During Irradiation written by M. Griffiths and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The performance of zirconium alloys in BWR, PWR, and PHWR nuclear reactors is dependent on the microstructure. Accordingly, the characterization of the microstructure is an integral part of any study conducted to develop models for in-reactor performance. Although the as-fabricated microstructure (texture, grain size, dislocation density, and phase or precipitate distribution) determines the basic physical properties of a given component, there are changes that occur during irradiation that can have a significant effect on these properties. Microstructures that illustrate specific features of the radiation damage that forms in Zr alloys will be illustrated and discussed in terms of the dose, dose rate, and impurity factors that are applicable. The original paper was published by ASTM International in the Journal of ASTM International, December 2007.
Download or read book Atom Probe Microscopy written by Baptiste Gault and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-27 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atom probe microscopy enables the characterization of materials structure and chemistry in three dimensions with near-atomic resolution. This uniquely powerful technique has been subject to major instrumental advances over the last decade with the development of wide-field-of-view detectors and pulsed-laser-assisted evaporation that have significantly enhanced the instrument’s capabilities. The field is flourishing, and atom probe microscopy is being embraced as a mainstream characterization technique. This book covers all facets of atom probe microscopy—including field ion microscopy, field desorption microscopy and a strong emphasis on atom probe tomography. Atom Probe Microscopy is aimed at researchers of all experience levels. It will provide the beginner with the theoretical background and practical information necessary to investigate how materials work using atom probe microscopy techniques. This includes detailed explanations of the fundamentals and the instrumentation, contemporary specimen preparation techniques, experimental details, and an overview of the results that can be obtained. The book emphasizes processes for assessing data quality, and the proper implementation of advanced data mining algorithms. Those more experienced in the technique will benefit from the book as a single comprehensive source of indispensable reference information, tables and techniques. Both beginner and expert will value the way that Atom Probe Microscopy is set out in the context of materials science and engineering, and includes references to key recent research outcomes.
Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1042 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
