Download or read book Effect of Title IX on Women s Athletics in Selected NCAA Division I Colleges and Universities written by Gary Smith (B.) and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Equality Unfulfilled written by James N. Druckman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-06-30 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The year 1972 is often hailed as an inflection point in the evolution of women's rights. Congress passed Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, a law that outlawed sex-based discrimination in education. Many Americans celebrate Title IX for having ushered in an era of expanded opportunity for women's athletics; yet fifty years after its passage, sex-based inequalities in college athletics remain the reality. Equality Unfulfilled explains why. The book identifies institutional roadblocks – including sex-based segregation, androcentric organizational cultures, and overbearing market incentives – that undermine efforts to achieve systemic change. Drawing on surveys with student-athletes, athletic administrators, college coaches, members of the public, and fans of college sports, it highlights how institutions shape attitudes toward gender equity policy. It offers novel lessons not only for those interested in college sports but for everyone seeking to understand the barriers that any marginalized group faces in their quest for equality.
Download or read book Changing the Game written by Kelly McFall and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2022-07-01 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changing the Game is set at a fictional university in the mid-1990s. A debate over the role of athletics quickly expands to encompass demands that women's sports and athletes receive more resources and opportunities. The result is a firestorm of controversy on and off campus. Drawing on congressional testimonies from the Title IX hearings, players advance their views in student government meetings, talk radio shows, town meetings, and impromptu rallies. As students wrestle with questions of gender parity and the place of athletics in higher education, they learn about the implementation—and implications—of legal change in the United States.
Download or read book Intercollegiate Sports April 9 1992 Title IX impact on women s participation in intercollegiate athletics and gender equity Serial no 102 140 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Commerce, Consumer Protection, and Competitiveness and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Getting in the Game written by Deborah L. Brake and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2012-08-20 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Title IX, a landmark federal statute enacted in 1972 to prohibit sex discrimination in education, has worked its way into American culture as few other laws have. The subject of web blogs and T-shirt slogans, it is credited with opening the doors to the massive numbers of girls and women now participating in competitive sports, yet few people fully understand the extent to which it has succeeded in challenging the gender norms that have circumscribed women's place in society more generally. In this legal analysis of Title IX, the author, a law professor assesses the statute's successes and failures. She provides an understanding and appreciation of what Title IX has accomplished, while taking a critical look at the places where it has fallen short.
Download or read book Tilting the Playing Field written by Jessica Gavora and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When it passed Title IX of the Civil Rights Act in 1972, Congress seemed to be doing something laudable and also long overdue-prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sex in America's schools. But thirty years later, a law designed to guarantee equal opportunity has become the most explicit, government-enforced quota regime in America. Tilting the Playing Field is a trenchant insider's look at how one law--and its unintended consequences--has affected our view of sports, sex, and schools.
Download or read book Title IX written by Susan Ware and published by Waveland Press. This book was released on 2014-05-05 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many know Title IX as groundbreaking legislation that protects people from sex-based discrimination in education programs and activities that receive federal financial assistance. Yet, many do not know the history of women’s sports before Title IX, the history of the amendment, and the struggle for its implementation. These topics and more are discussed in Ware’s well-researched and reader-friendly Introduction, followed by 26 provocative, pertinent documents. The carefully selected writings, organized in chronological order, balance the views of policymakers, legislators, and commentators with the voices of individuals whose lives were shaped by the law. Ware purposely presents conflicting points of view to encourage analytical thinking and lively classroom discussion about gender equity, both in sports and in American society as a whole.
Download or read book Effect of Title IX on Female Athletics in Selected Secondary Schools in Illinois written by Rene A. Kellermann and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book More Hurdles to Clear written by United States Commission on Civil Rights and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication reviews the history of women and girls in athletics, assesses the current status of female participation in high school and college competitive athletics, and summarizes recent policy interpretations by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (dhew) of Title ix of the Education Amendments of 1972. The historical review focuses on American attitudes toward female physicality from the Victorian era to the present. Current obstacles to female participation in sports are identified as sex stereotyping of athletics as unfeminine, the idea that females should not engage in strenuous activity, and discrimination in the allocation of resources for sports. The role of Title ix (which prohibits sex discrimination in Federally-assisted education programs) in ameliorating discrimination in athletics is explained. Changes in female participation in competitive athletics since 1970 are described and related to the implementation of Title ix. Participation figures, by sex, are presented separately for high schools, two year colleges, and four year colleges, and are broken down individually for football, baseball/softball, basketball, tennis, and track. Also described are college budget allocations for men's and women's intercollegiate sports. Appended to the report are statistical tables and discussions and regulations concerning DHEW's jurisdiction under Title ix. (Gc).
Download or read book Invisible Seasons written by Kelly Belanger and published by Syracuse University Press. This book was released on 2017-01-03 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1979, a group of women athletes at Michigan State University, their civil rights attorney, the institution’s Title IX coordinator, and a close circle of college students used the law to confront a powerful institution—their own university. By the mid-1970s, opposition from the NCAA had made intercollegiate athletics the most controversial part of Title IX, the 1972 federal law prohibiting discrimi nation in all federally funded education programs and activities. At the same time, some of the most motivated, highly skilled women athletes in colleges and universities could no longer tolerate the long-standing differences between men’s and women‘s separate but obviously unequal sports programs. In Invisible Seasons, Belanger recalls the remarkable story of how the MSU women athletes helped change the landscape of higher education athletics. They learned the hard way that even groundbreaking civil rights laws are not self-executing. This behind-the-scenes look at a university sports program challenges us all to think about what it really means to put equality into practice, especially in the money-driven world of college sports.
Download or read book Gender Equity written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2001-08 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Title IX of the Educ. Amend. of Ô72 addresses inequities between men and women students at colleges and univ. by prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sex in educ. programs and activities receiving any Fed. financial assist. This report (1) determines the extent to which women's participation in higher educ. academic programs has changed since Title IX was enacted, (2) determines the extent to which men's and women's participation in intercollegiate athletics programs at 4-year schools has changed since Title IX was enacted, and (3) describes what is known about Title IX's effect on men's and women's participation, and specifically, about how Fed. enforcement of the law has led to change.
Download or read book An Analysis of Strategies and Barriers Concerning Title IX Compliance of Intercollegiate Athletic Programs in NCAA Division III Programs written by Richard Edward Tressel and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measuring the Impact of Title IX for Women of Color written by Cryshanna A. Jackson and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eighteen years after the passing of Title IX, gender equity continues to emerge as a serious issue for the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Colleges and universities comply with Title IX by using the three-prong test, including 1) proportionality, 2) continuing history and expansion, and 3) interests and abilities. Using the University of Akron as a case study, the purpose of this research was to examine university compliance in relation to the three-prong test, to explore compliance in terms of the interests and abilities of students, and to measure the impact of Title IX for women of color. We argue that, in an attempt to comply with Title IX, colleges and universities traditionally add sport programs that are historically dominated by white women and systematically limit access and opportunities for women of color interested in sports. An exploratory study was conducted at the University of Akron during the fall 2006 semester. The research population consisted of Akron students, ages 18 thru 25. Using the Assessment of Students Interests and Abilities developed by the National Center for Education Statistics to assess Title IX compliance, this study relied on a web-based survey to assess interests and abilities of the 3,219 students who responded. In addition to demographics, variables of interest included high school sports experience, current intercollegiate participation, interest in future participation, and sport ability. Using chi-square to identify the relationship between the independent and dependent variables, the results show that there is a statistically significant relationship between race and lack of participation among women. The data suggests that when compared to white female students, women of color do not participate in sports at the college level because they lack the time, have to work, and they view sports as being too competitive. Using logistic regression, we examined whether participation in college sports was dependent on high school sport participation at the varsity level, controlling for gender and race. We found that students who participate in high school sports are 10 times more likely to participate in sports at the college level. These results suggested that to ensure that women of color have an equal opportunity to participate in sports, grooming for a wide array of sports must occur early in the educational process. Colleges and universities can improve access and opportunities for students of color and women, specifically, if they create partnerships with elementary and secondary institutions to develop sport abilities for students. In addition we show that there is a significant relationship between high school sport participation and men of color and there is a significant relationship between interest in high school sport participation, current participation, future participation, interests and abilities, and race and gender. A significant relationship was found in five sports when comparing women of color to white women. It was found that women of color were more likely to want to participate in outdoor track and field and basketball. White women were more likely to want to participate in softball, soccer, and swimming and diving.
Download or read book The History of Title IX at the University of Michigan Department of Athletics written by David Lisle Diles and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: competition.
Download or read book Title IX written by Linda Jean Carpenter and published by Human Kinetics Publishers. This book was released on 2005 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Title IXdelivers a complete look at one of sport's critical gender equity issues. It goes beyond intercollegiate athletics to address Title IX in the context of sport, physical activity, recreation, intramurals, and physical education. From its enactment in 1972, Title IX has been often oversimplified or misunderstood by both advocates and critics of the legislation. Knowledgeable in the legal issues of sport and experienced in the administration of sport and physical education programs, the authors of Title IXoffer a balanced, comprehensive view of this issue, lending important insights into Title IX's requirements and application both now and when it was enacted. Title IX, the law, prohibits any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance from discriminating on the basis of sex. Title IX, the text, helps to clarify the law in a three-part progression that is accurate and accessible. In Part I,you will see Title IX's structure and requirements applied in different settings including physical education, intramurals and recreation, and athletics. Part IIthen provides a historical account of the social, legislative, and judicial environments in which Title IX has grown to maturity over the past three decades. Finally, part III examines Title IX in the 21st century, its impact on sport related programs, and continuing debates. Title IXwill also help you gain a solid understanding of the law itself. You will examine the actual wording of the law and related interpretive materials. You'll review significant lawsuits as you explore how the legislation has been interpreted and judicially clarified over the years in changing social and political climates. You'll find further clarifying information in summaries and questions and answers at the end of each chapter. Six appendixes provide pertinent excerpts from Title IX regulations, policy interpretations, letters of clarification, and an annotated list of other print and online resources. Whether you're looking for clarification of Title IX or for information on applying it in your programs, you'll find the information you need in Title IX.
Download or read book Gender Equity written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook on the Economics of Women in Sports written by Michael Leeds and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'In the Handbook on the Economics of Women in Sports, Leeds and Leeds put together an impressive list of heavy hitters in the sociology and economics literature on sports to produce a tour de force volume. The entire spectrum of international perspectives is covered, from US, Korean, and Australian sports to world competition at the highest level of the Olympics and international championships. Whether your interest is attendance at women's events, performance and rewards in women's pro sports, gender issues in US college sports, or international performance and how women compete, this handbook is a must read for any serious fan, and for all serious scholars interested in the impacts of being female on sports performance and competitiveness.' Rodney Fort, University of Michigan, US 'Leeds and Leeds have filled a gaping hole in sports economics with this revealing collection of essays. The economics of women in sports has been too long neglected. By covering everything from women as sports spectators, to women as participants in individual and team sports at the collegiate and professional levels, to women's sports internationally, Title IX, and women's differential response to incentives, this volume not only demonstrates that there is much fertile ground to be studied, but also that the subject matter is both interesting and important.' Andrew Zimbalist, Smith College, US Women's sports have received much less attention from economists than from other social scientists. This Handbook fills that gap with a comprehensive economic analysis of women's sports. It also analyzes how the behavior and treatment of female athletes reflect broad economic forces. Contributors to this volume use current theoretical models and econometric tools to examine the legal, social, and economic forces that affect the experiences of female athletes. They address such traditional topics as discrimination against female athletes and coaches and the effect of athletic events on the economies of host countries. They also apply theory and estimation to new settings, such as how women respond to tournaments in skiing and figure skating or how the growing dominance of Korean women on the LPGA tour is a form of immigration. This groundbreaking book is a valuable resource for professors, students, and researchers in sports economics, sports management, and women's studies.
