Download or read book Effect of Tillage Systems and Wheat Residue Management Methods Under Different Crop Rotations on Soil Moisture Storage and Crop Yield in 3 Rainfed Areas of Jordan Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2011 Vol 7 No 2 written by Anwar Battikhi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Tillage Nitrogen Fertilization and Crop Residue Management on Wheat and Lentil Yield Under Three Course Rotation in Semi Arid Region of Jordan Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2011 Vol 7 No 3 written by Bassam Snobar and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wheat Lentil and Vetch Yield in Three Crop Rotations Under Different Tillage Crop Residue Management and Nitrogen Fertilization in Mushagar Semi Arid in Central of Jordan Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2011 Vol 7 No 4 Pp written by Sayed Khattari and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tillage Systems in the Tropics written by R. Lal and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1995 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this Bulletin are to collate up-to-date information on soil tillage requirements for soils in the tropics; to assess the impacts of different ways of tillage on soil, environment and crop productivity; and to outline criteria for developing environment-friendly and economically viable tillage techniques for sustainable use of soil and water resources
Download or read book Sustainable Crop Production written by Mirza Hasanuzzaman and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-06-17 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes twenty-one comprehensive chapters addressing various soil and crop management issues, including modern techniques in enhancing crop production in the era of climate change. There are a few case studies and experimental evidence about these production systems in specific locations. Particular focus is provided on the state-of-the-art of biotechnology, nanotechnology, and precision agriculture, as well as many other recent approaches in ensuring sustainable crop production. This book is useful for undergraduate and graduate students, teachers, and researchers, particularly in the fields of crop science, soil science, and agronomy.
Download or read book Effects of Reduced Tillage on cash Crop Yields Soil Quality and Other Ecosystem Services written by Martine Trip and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Decreasing soil quality, worsened by climate change-related weather extremes, is prompting the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture's aim for sustainable management of all agricultural soils by 2030. One proposed practice for this goal is reduced tillage, which offers potential benefits such as improved soil structure and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. However reduced tillage comes with potential drawbacks such as topsoil compaction and yield reduction. While global meta-analyses mainly focus on effects of reduced tillage in North and South American cash crops, like grains, maize and soy, this long-term Dutch farming systems experiment called BASIS is unique in its focus on Dutch small seeded, root and tuber crops. The BASIS experiment, established in 2009 by Wageningen University and Research in Lelystad, consists of three organic and two conventional fields with common Dutch crop rotations. In BASIS we experiment with three tillage systems: conventional tillage with mouldboard plough (CT), reduced tillage with sub-soiling (RTS), and reduced tillage without sub-soiling (RT). Reduced tillage with shallow ploughing was added (RT/SPL) later in the experiment. The experiment employs controlled traffic farming (CTF) and is a randomized complete block design with four replicates per tillage system and field. In the BASIS experiment a system approach is used; this allowed for the experiment to be optimized during the project period. Effects of reduced tillage on ecosystems services such as yield, yield quality and soil quality were investigated. Overall, reduced tillage systems showed comparable or higher marketable yield for most crops, except for fineseeded crops like carrots and onions. The Twinrotor tiller seems a viable option in reduced tillage systems to create a finer seedbed and reduce the yield gap of carrots between reduced and conventional tillage. The influence of extreme weather conditions on reduced tillage effects varied, with yields sometimes higher and sometimes lower compared to conventional tillage. Over time the differences in marketable yield between reduced and conventional tillage showed no increasing or decreasing trend. For yield quality, the difference between gross yield and marketable product, there were no significant differences nor discernible trends between the tillage systems; with the expedition of carrots which showed a lower yield quality under reduced tillage, with larger-sized and deformed carrots. This was likely caused by cover crop residue and soil aggregate size. The impact of reduced soil tillage on crop quality parameters such as sugar content (sugar beet) and thousand grain weight (cereal crops) showed no significant differences between the tillage systems. Bulk density showed no differences in the upper 0-10 cm layer, but significantly higher values were observed in the deeper 10-20 cm layer for reduced tillage. Soil moisture was generally higher for reduced tillage in the upper 0-10 cm layer, while conventional tillage exhibited higher moisture in the lower 10-20 cm layer. Penetration resistance was consistently greater for reduced tillage, particularly in the 10-30 cm layer. Despite these soil property differences, there was no substantial evidence of decreased yields or root limitations. The increased compaction under reduced tillage could potentially enhance soil bearing capacity. Reduced tillage leads to higher soil organic matter and carbon content in the upper 0-15 cm layer compared to conventional tillage. However, in lower layers no significant difference were found. Reduced tillage shows minimal impact on soil pH. Total nitrogen content is higher in the upper 0-15 cm layer for reduced tillage. Other nutrient availabilities are not strongly influenced by tillage systems. Mineral nitrogen levels in the soil are very low in this experiment and differences between tillage systems are small. Overall, reduced tillage increases soil organic matter, carbon, and nitrogen in the upper layer (0-15 cm), with a trend towards higher values in the 0-30 cm layer. To summarize, the BASIS experiment shows that reduced tillage is a viable option for most of the Dutch crops and indicates a trend towards improved soil quality.
Download or read book Tillage For Sustainable Cropping Indian Reprint written by Gajri P.R. and published by IBDC Publishers. This book was released on 2004 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Tillage and Crop Residue Removal on Erosion Runoff and Plant Nutrients written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Conservation Tillage for Wheat in the Great Plains written by Charles R. Fenster and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Crop Residue in Conservation Tillage Systems on Soil Quality and Crop Productivity written by Craig Francis Drury and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soils of South Africa written by Martin Fey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-02-16 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soils of South Africa is the first book in seventy years that provides a comprehensive account of South African soils. The book arranges more than seventy soil forms into fourteen groups and then provides, for each group: • maps showing their distribution and abundance throughout South Africa • descriptions of morphological, chemical and physical properties • a detailed account of classification and its correlation with international systems • a discussion of soil genesis which includes a review of relevant research papers • appraisal of soil quality from a land use perspective as well as for its ecological significance • illustrative examples of soil profiles with analytical data and accompanying interpretations. There is also a fascinating account of the special relationship that exists between South African animals and soil environments. Soils of South Africa should interest students and researchers in the earth, environmental and biological sciences, as well as environmental practitioners, farmers, foresters and civil engineers.
Download or read book Tillage and Crop Residue Management Practices for Improved Crop Production and Soil Structure Maintenance written by Eliahu Rawitz and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetically Engineered Crops written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-01-28 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.
Download or read book Water Use and Water Productivity of Dryland Winter Wheat Under Different Cropping Systems written by Gurpreet Kaur and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventionally tilled dryland winter wheat followed by a 14-month period of fallow is the predominant cropping system in the High Plains Ecoregion of Wyoming, USA. Although practical, the system seems to be inefficient as fallow has frequently less than 25% soil water storage efficiency with conventional tillage. The need for soil erosion reduction, maximization of soil water conservation, optimization of grain yields, and the reduction in production cost, may require the adoption of alternative cropping systems such as no-till and organic practices. The objectives of this research were to a) analyze the growth and development of dryland winter wheat under conventional, no-till and organic production practices b) determine the water use and water productivity of dryland winter wheat under conventional, no-till and organic production practices c) study the change in growth, development, water use and water productivity of winter wheat after two years of transition to organic from conventional and no-till and d) study the sustainability of conventional and no-till production practices for dryland winter wheat. A field experiment with three replicates was conducted at the University of Wyoming Sustainable Agricultural Research and Extension Center (SAREC), near Lingle, WY, USA. Soil moisture observations taken with a neutron probe were used to perform a soil water balance. The experimental data were used to calibrate the Cropping System Model (CSM)-CERES Wheat of the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) for studying the long term effects of no-till and conventional cropping systems. The calibrated model was then used to simulate soil water under no-till and conventional cropping systems and to investigate the cropping systems for yield and water productivity using management practices, soil and 27 years of historical weather data representing the southeastern region of Wyoming. There were significant differences in plant growth and development among all cropping systems. Conventional system had the highest yield and performed better in terms of growth and development as compared to the other systems whereas no-till results in lowest yield. No-till and organic systems were equally efficient in yield production. Wheat water use per season was higher (108 mm) in the conventional system than in the no till system (51 mm). Wheat water use (86 mm) in the organic system was not significantly different to either the conventional or the no-till systems. After two years of transition from conventional and no-till to organic, no significant differences were observed in terms of yield and water use between the transition to organic wheat and conventional/no-till wheat. The modeling component showed a good agreement between the observed and simulated crop yields. Our experimental and simulated results showed that water productivity of dryland winter wheat for southeastern Wyoming conditions was not affected by the cropping system. The long term simulations suggest that no-till system is more efficient in water conservation while producing yields comparable to conventional system. Further field studies should include alternative crops to fallow and their impact on soil moisture for the following wheat cycle.
Download or read book Food Security and Soil Quality written by Rattan Lal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-06-23 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Just five years ago, it was generally believed that the number of food insecure people in the world was on continuous decline. Unfortunately, widespread soil degradation along with resistance to recommended agronomic practices, and little attempt to restore degraded soils have conspired with significant droughts (in regions that could least tolerat
Download or read book Tillage Practices and Nitrogen Rates Influenced Wheat and Sorghum Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Long term Dryland Wheat sorghum Rotation System written by Mosaed Abdullah Majrashi and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major challenge for agronomists is developing cropping systems that exhibit superior performance across variable environmental conditions. Long-term field research trials provide a direct measure of the effect of environmental conditions within the context of treatment effects. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most widely grown base crop in dryland systems of the semiarid central Great Plains, but grain yields are limited by nitrogen (N) and soil water availability. The goal of this research was to assess long-term cropping systems of winter wheat-grain sorghum-fallow in dryland. The focus was to determine the effect of three tillage practices and rates of N fertilization rates effects on the efficiency of the management system and grain yields for 2015-2018, and evaluate the yield stability for both crops in a 53-year-old crop rotation and fertility experiment. In the first study we evaluated the long-term effects of three different tillage practices and four N fertilizer rates on grain yield, protein content, and N use efficiency indices of winter wheat and grain sorghum in 2015-2018. The experiment was conducted on a long-term plot initiated in 1965 in Hays, KS as a split-split-plot arrangement of rotation, tillage, and N fertilizer treatments with four replications in a randomized complete block design. The main plots were the crop phase (winter wheat, grain sorghum, or fallow), sub-plots were three tillage treatments [conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), and no-tillage (NT)]. The sub-sub-plots were four N rates (0, 22, 45, and 67 kg N ha−1) later modified in the 2015 growing season to 0, 45, 90, and 134 kg ha−1. Results showed tillage × N rate interaction had no significant (P = 0.608) effect on grain yield. Year × tillage and year × N rate had significant (P
Download or read book Crop Stress and its Management Perspectives and Strategies written by B. Venkateswarlu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-22 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crops experience an assortment of environmental stresses which include abiotic viz., drought, water logging, salinity, extremes of temperature, high variability in radiation, subtle but perceptible changes in atmospheric gases and biotic viz., insects, birds, other pests, weeds, pathogens (viruses and other microbes). The ability to tolerate or adapt and overwinter by effectively countering these stresses is a very multifaceted phenomenon. In addition, the inability to do so which renders the crops susceptible is again the result of various exogenous and endogenous interactions in the ecosystem. Both biotic and abiotic stresses occur at various stages of plant development and frequently more than one stress concurrently affects the crop. Stresses result in both universal and definite effects on plant growth and development. One of the imposing tasks for the crop researchers globally is to distinguish and to diminish effects of these stress factors on the performance of crop plants, especially with respect to yield and quality of harvested products. This is of special significance in view of the impending climate change, with complex consequences for economically profitable and ecologically and environmentally sound global agriculture. The challenge at the hands of the crop scientist in such a scenario is to promote a competitive and multifunctional agriculture, leading to the production of highly nourishing, healthy and secure food and animal feed as well as raw materials for a wide variety of industrial applications. In order to successfully meet this challenge researchers have to understand the various aspects of these stresses in view of the current development from molecules to ecosystems. The book will focus on broad research areas in relation to these stresses which are in the forefront in contemporary crop stress research.
