Download or read book Effect of Sweep Gas Composition on Ionization Chamber Response in the BEATRIX II Tritium Recovery Experiment written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The BEATRIX-II irradiation experiment was an in situ tritium recovery experiment to evaluate the tritium release characteristics of fusion ceramic breeder materials and to characterize their stability under fast neutron irradiation to extended burnups. This is an International Energy Agency (IEA) sponsored experiment which is being carried out in the Materials Open Test Assembly of Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF). The participants are Japan, Canada and the US The in situ tritium recovery experiment consisted of two individual in-reactor experimental assemblies (Phase I and Phase II) that were irradiated for 300 and 200 EFPD, respectively. Each experimental phase included two specimens: a thin annular specimen capable of temperature changes and a larger temperature-gradient specimen. In Phase I both specimens were Li[sub 2]O while for Phase II the temperature-change specimen consisted of Li[sub 2]O and the temperature-gradient specimen was a Li[sub 2]ZrO[sub 3] spherebed. Real-time measurements of the tritium release from the specimens during changing conditions (neutronics, temperature and sweep gas composition) were made using ion chambers. In order to correctly interpret the response of the ionization chambers it is necessary to understand the effect of changing sweep gas composition on the operation of the chambers. The purpose of this paper is to describe activities carried out to determine the effect of hydrogen additions to a helium sweep gas on the operation of these ionization chambers.
Download or read book BEATRIX II written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BEATRIX-II was an in-situ tritium recovery experiment in a fast reactor to characterize the irradiation behavior of fusion ceramic breeder materials. Correcting and compiling the in-situ tritium recovery data involved correcting the ion chamber response for the effect of sweep gas composition or amount of hydrogen in the helium sweep gas and for the buildup of background. The effect of sweep gas composition was addressed in the previous workshop. During the operation of Phase I of the experiment the backgrounds of the ion chambers were found to reach significant levels relative to the tritium recovery concentrations in the sweep gas from the specimen canisters. The measured tritium concentrations were corrected for background by comparing the tritium recovery rate during reference conditions with the predicted tritium generation rate. Background increases were found to be associated with tritium recovery peaks and elevated levels of moisture in the sweep gas. These conditions typically occurred when the hydrogen concentration in the sweep gas was increased to 0.1% after extended operation in He or He-0.01% H2. Three examples of this increase in ionization chamber background are described. The final corrected BEATRIX-II, Phase I tritium recovery data provide a valuable resource to be used for predicting the performance of Li2O in a fusion blanket application.
Download or read book BEATRIX II written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The BEATRIX-II irradiation experiment is an in-situ tritium release experiment being carried out in the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) reactor to evaluate the tritium release characteristics of fusion solid breeder materials. A sophisticated tritium gas handling system has been developed to continuously monitor the tritium recovery from the specimens and facilitate tritium removal from the experiment's sweep gas flow stream. The in-situ recovery experiment accommodates two different in-reactor specimen canisters with individual gas streams and temperature monitoring/control. Ionization chambers have been specifically designed to respond to the rapid changes in the tritium release rate at the anticipated tritium concentrations. Two ceramic electrolysis cells have proved effective in reducing the moisture in the gas streams to hydrogen/tritium. A tritium getter system, capable of reducing the tritium level by a factor greater than 4000, is used to reduce the tritium in the sweep gas to a level acceptable for release.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-04 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book In Situ Tritium Recovery from Li Sub 2 O Irradiated in Fast Neutron Flux written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The BEATRIX-II irradiation experiment is an in-situ tritium recovery experiment to evaluate the tritium release characteristics of Li2O and to characterize its stability under fast neutron irradiation to extended burnups. This is an IEA sponsored experiment which is being carried out in the Materials Open Test Assembly of FFTF. The participants are Japan, Canada and the US. The in-situ tritium recovery experiment includes two specimens: a thin annular specimen capable of temperature changes and a larger temperature-gradient specimen. Two other papers have been presented this week at ICFRM-5 which dealt with the results to date. At this workshop I will discuss the effects of gas composition changes that have been observed in BEATRIX-II, Phase 1 and the implications that these observations have on the operation of ion chambers.
Download or read book Fusion Technology 1992 written by C. Ferro and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 1894 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of the biennial series of symposia on Fusion Technology organized by the European Fusion Laboratories, is the exchange of information on the design, construction and operation of fusion experiments and on the technology being developed for the next-step devices and fusion reactors. The coverage of the volume includes the technological aspects of fusion reactors in relation to new developments, thus forming a guideline for the definition of future work. These proceedings comprise three volumes and contain both the invited lectures and contributed papers presented at the symposium, which was attended by 569 participants from around the globe. The 343 papers, including 12 invited papers, characterise the increasing interest of industry in the fusion programme, giving a broad and current overview on the progress and trends fusion technology is experiencing now, as well as indicating the future for fusion devices.
Download or read book In Situ Tritium Recovery from Li2O Irradiated in Fast Neutron Flux written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The BEATRIX-II irradiation experiment is an in-situ tritium recovery experiment to evaluate the tritium release characteristics of Li2O and to characterize its stability under fast neutron irradiation to extended burnups. This is an IEA sponsored experiment which is being carried out in the Materials Open Test Assembly of FFTF. The participants are Japan, Canada and the US. The in-situ tritium recovery experiment includes two specimens: a thin annular specimen capable of temperature changes and a larger temperature-gradient specimen. Two other papers have been presented this week at ICFRM-5 which dealt with the results to date. At this workshop I will discuss the effects of gas composition changes that have been observed in BEATRIX-II, Phase 1 and the implications that these observations have on the operation of ion chambers.
Download or read book In situ Tritium Recovery from Li Sub 2 O Irradiated in Fast Neutron Flux written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The BEATRIX-2 irradiation experiment is an in-situ tritium release experiment to evaluate the stability and tritium release characteristics of Li2O under fast neutron irradiation to extended burnups. A thin-annular ring specimen capable of temperature changes was irradiated in Phase 1 of the experiment to a lithium burnup of 4%. The primary emphasis of the test plan was to determine the effect and interrelationship of gas composition and temperature on the tritium recovery from Li2O. Temperature changes in the range from 500 to 650°C resulted in a decreasing tritium inventory with increasing temperature and series of specific temperature changes were carried out at intervals throughout the experiment to characterize the effect of burnup. Decreasing the amount of hydrogen in the sweep gas resulted in an increase in the tritium inventory in the Li2O specimen. The tritium recovery during startup and shutdown was observed to be strongly influenced by the composition of the sweep gas.
Download or read book BEATRIX II written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The BEATRIX-II irradiation experiment was an in situ, fast neutron, tritium release experiment to evaluate the performance of ceramic fusion solid breeders at extended burnups. The experiment consisted of two sequential irradiations: Phase I for 300 EFPD and Phase II for 200 EFPD that resulted in lithium burnups from 4[endash]6%. Thin-walled Li[sub 2]O ring specimens capable of temperature changes were irradiated in both Phase I and Phase II. Temperature changes were also used to determine the tritium inventory and to characterize the effect or irradiation history and sweep gas composition. Solid-cylindrical temperature-gradient specimens were irradiated to characterize their stability with respect to heat transport, lithium transport and physical integrity over the duration of the experiment. Phase I included a solid monolithic specimen of Li[sub 2]O while Phase II included a sphere bed of Li[sub 2]ZrO[sub 3].
Download or read book In situ Tritium Recovery from Li2O Irradiated in Fast Neutron Flux written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The BEATRIX-2 irradiation experiment is an in-situ tritium release experiment to evaluate the stability and tritium release characteristics of Li2O under fast neutron irradiation to extended burnups. A thin-annular ring specimen capable of temperature changes was irradiated in Phase 1 of the experiment to a lithium burnup of 4%. The primary emphasis of the test plan was to determine the effect and interrelationship of gas composition and temperature on the tritium recovery from Li2O. Temperature changes in the range from 500 to 650°C resulted in a decreasing tritium inventory with increasing temperature and series of specific temperature changes were carried out at intervals throughout the experiment to characterize the effect of burnup. Decreasing the amount of hydrogen in the sweep gas resulted in an increase in the tritium inventory in the Li2O specimen. The tritium recovery during startup and shutdown was observed to be strongly influenced by the composition of the sweep gas.
Download or read book In situ Tritium Recovery from Li Sub 2 O Irradiated in Fast Neutron Flux written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The BEATRIX-II experiment in FFTF is an in-situ tritium recovery experiment to evaluate the tritium release characteristics of Li2O and its stability under fast neutron irradiation to extended burnups. This experiment includes two specimens: a thin annular specimen capable of temperature transients and a larger temperature gradient specimen. During the first 85 days of the operating cycle of the reactor, the tritium recovery rate of a temperature transient capsule was examined as a function of temperature, gas flow rate, gas composition and burnup. Temperature changes in the range from 525 to 625°C resulted in decreasing tritium inventory with increasing temperature. Lower gas flow rates resulted in slightly lower tritium release rates while gas composition changes affected the tritium release rate significantly, more than either flow rate or temperature changes. Three different sweep gases were used: He with 0.1% H2, He with 0.01% H2, and pure He. Decreasing the amount of hydrogen in the sweep gas decreased the steady-state release rate by as much as a factor of two. A temperature gradient capsule is more prototypic of the conditions expected in a fusion blanket and was designed to provide data that can be used in evaluating the operational parameters of a solid breeder in a blanket environment. The operation of this canister during the first 85 EFPD cycle suggests that Li2O is a viable solid breeder material. 9 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs.
Download or read book BEATRIX II written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in situ tritium recovery experiment is being fabricated for the irradiation of Li/sub 2/O in the Fast Flux Test Facility located at the Hanford Site, Richland, Washington, United States of America. Two in situ tritium recovery canisters will be irradiated with lithium atom burnups to 4%. One canister will provide fundamental data on tritium release as a function of temperature, gas composition, and flow rate. The other canister will provide integrated performance data from solid pellet specimens with large (450/degree/C) radial temperature gradients. 10 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.
Download or read book Beatrix ii tritium recovery system tritium recovery module test report written by J. Miller and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-07 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sections 1-2. Keyword Index.--Section 3. Personal author index.--Section 4. Corporate author index.-- Section 5. Contract/grant number index, NTIS order/report number index 1-E.--Section 6. NTIS order/report number index F-Z.
Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 890 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biology of Earthworms written by C.A. Edwards and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
