Download or read book Effect of Oxygen and CO2 Corrosion of Mild Steel written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Oxygen Concentration on Corrosion Rate of Carbon Steel in Seawater written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trends in Oil and Gas Corrosion Research and Technologies written by A. M. El-Sherik and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-09 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trends in Oil and Gas Corrosion Research and Technologies: Production and Transmission delivers the most up-to-date and highly multidisciplinary reference available to identify emerging developments, fundamental mechanisms and the technologies necessary in one unified source. Starting with a brief explanation on corrosion management that also addresses today’s most challenging issues for oil and gas production and transmission operations, the book dives into the latest advances in microbiology-influenced corrosion and other corrosion threats, such as stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen damage just to name a few. In addition, it covers testing and monitoring techniques, such as molecular microbiology and online monitoring for surface and subsurface facilities, mitigation tools, including coatings, nano-packaged biocides, modeling and prediction, cathodic protection and new steels and non-metallics. Rounding out with an extensive glossary and list of abbreviations, the book equips upstream and midstream corrosion professionals in the oil and gas industry with the most advanced collection of topics and solutions to responsibly help solve today’s oil and gas corrosion challenges. Covers the latest in corrosion mitigation techniques, such as corrosion inhibitors, biocides, non-metallics, coatings, and modeling and prediction Solves knowledge gaps with the most current technology and discoveries on specific corrosion mechanisms, highlighting where future research and industry efforts should be concentrated Achieves practical and balanced understanding with a full spectrum of subjects presented from multiple academic and world-renowned contributors in the industry
Download or read book Effect of Partial Pressure of Oxygen and Activity of Carbon on the Corrosion of High Temperature Alloys in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Environments written by Jacob Thomas Mahaffey and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the course of the past couple decades, increased concern has grown on the topics of climate change and energy consumption, focusing primarily on carbon emissions. With modernization of countries like India and China, there are no signs of slowing of global carbon emissions and energy usage. To combat this, new more efficient power conversion cycles must be utilized. The Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (s-CO2) Brayton cycle promises increased efficiency and smaller component sizes. These cycles will push the limits of current high temperature materials, and must be studied before implementation is made possible. A large collection of high temperature CO2 corrosion research has been reported over the last thirty years. While many of the studies in the past have focused on corrosion in research grade (RG) (99.999%) and industrial grade (IG) (99.5%) CO2, very few have focused on studying the specific effects that impurities can have on the corrosion rates and mechanisms. The work described in this document will lay the foundation for advancement of s-CO2 corrosion studies. A testing facility has been constructed and was designed as an open flow s-CO2 loop with a fluid residence time of 2 hours. This facility is capable of heating up to 750°C at pressures up to 20 MPa. Instrumentation for monitoring oxygen and carbon monoxide concentration were added to make measurements both before and after sample exposure, for the duration of testing. Testing of both model and commercial alloys was conducted for temperatures ranging from 450-750°C at 20MPa for 1,000 hours. The effect of the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) was studied by adding 100ppm of O2 to RG CO2 during testing. The activity of carbon (aC) was studied by adding 1%CO to RG CO2. Each environment greatly altered the mechanisms and rates of oxidation and carburization on each material exposed to the environment.
Download or read book Localized Corrosion Initiation of Steel in CO2 Environments written by Xin Gao and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this dissertation research was to investigate initiation mechanisms for CO2 localized corrosion on mild steel, encompassing the effects of chloride, oxygen, and acetic acid. In CO2 corrosion, iron in steel will be oxidized to ferrous ions under deareated conditions. The ferrous and carbonate ions can combine to form FeCO3 and precipitate once exceeding the solubility limit. When the precipitation of FeCO3 occurs evenly on the steel surface it forms a compact and protective layer. This acts as a diffusion barrier hindering the mass transfer of electrochemical species and covers/blocks the surface making it unavailable for corrosion, which enhances the resistance of mild steel to further uniform CO2 corrosion. However, there are various scenarios where localized corrosion may occur. When the environment becomes more aggressive, the FeCO3 could be partially removed. This leads to localized regions of the bare steel surface that become exposed to the corrosive solution and, subsequently, localized corrosion could be initiated. To study CO2 localized corrosion, two-stage experiments were performed: (1) a uniform protective FeCO3 layer was first formed on a carbon steel with high initial FeCO3 saturation; (2) localized CO2 corrosion scenarios were then developed by adding additional salts (NaCl or NaClO4), oxygen or acetic acid to challenge the protective FeCO3 layer. The experiments were conducted in a two-liter glass cell with a three-electrode system, working electrode (X65 carbon steel), reference electrode (Ag/AgCl saturated electrode), and counter electrode (platinum). Electrochemical measurements (linear polarization resistance) were carried out to observe electrochemical behaviors and calculate the corrosion rates.
Download or read book The Effect of Oxygen in Sweet Corrosion of Carbon Steel for Enhanced Oil Recovery Applications written by Nor Roslina Rosli and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Corrosion in CO2 Capture Transportation Geological Utilization and Storage written by Liwei Zhang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-21 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book systematically discusses the operational stages with high risk of CO2-induced corrosion in CCUS projects, and related measures for corrosion control. CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is a key technology to mitigate climate change and substantially reduce greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels. CCUS deals with high concentration CO2, which is very corrosive in a humid environment. Therefore, it is very important to characterize, monitor, and mitigate CO2-induced corrosion in all processes of the CCUS operation chain. Some corrosion control techniques included in this book (e.g., CO2-resisting wellbore cement additives) are beneficial for corrosion control research and engineering practices. This book belongs to the field of corrosion science and engineering, and the expected readership is researchers and engineers working on CCUS.
Download or read book Effect of Chloride and Oxygen Concentration on the Corrosion of Mild Steel with Chromate Inhibitor written by Crawford McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Organic Acids in CO2 Corrosion of Mild Steel written by L. F. Betancourt and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Oxygen on Gaseous Hydrogen Sulphide Corrosion of Tank Steel written by John M. Devine and published by . This book was released on 1932 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Iron Carbonate Deposition on Mild Steel Corrosion in High Partial Pressure Carbon Dioxide Systems written by Muhammad Firdaus Sudor and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of new hydrocarbon gas fields with high CO2 content is inevitable as the market demand for natural gas increases. Some of these fields contain up to 70 mole % of CO2 at pressures of up to 100 bar and are of large volume, which make them important reserves for production development. The challenges span from production at wellheads to eventual underground storage that will require a major capital expenditure for the necessary infrastructure. Corrosion issues can become particularly significant when mild steel is the material of choice due to its economics, engineering adaptability, and bulk availability. However, current corrosion prediction tools significantly overestimate CO2 corrosion rates by up to five times when the CO2 partial pressures exceed 20 bar, thus disqualifying the use of mild steels even with the application of appropriate corrosion mitigation strategies such as corrosion inhibitors.
Download or read book Underground Pipeline Corrosion written by Mark Orazem and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-02-17 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Underground pipelines transporting liquid petroleum products and natural gas are critical components of civil infrastructure, making corrosion prevention an essential part of asset-protection strategy. Underground Pipeline Corrosion provides a basic understanding of the problems associated with corrosion detection and mitigation, and of the state of the art in corrosion prevention. The topics covered in part one include: basic principles for corrosion in underground pipelines, AC-induced corrosion of underground pipelines, significance of corrosion in onshore oil and gas pipelines, numerical simulations for cathodic protection of pipelines, and use of corrosion inhibitors in managing corrosion in underground pipelines. The methods described in part two for detecting corrosion in underground pipelines include: magnetic flux leakage, close interval potential surveys (CIS/CIPS), Pearson surveys, in-line inspection, and use of both electrochemical and optical probes. While the emphasis is on pipelines transporting fossil fuels, the concepts apply as well to metallic pipes for delivery of water and other liquids. Underground Pipeline Corrosion is a comprehensive resource for corrosion, materials, chemical, petroleum, and civil engineers constructing or managing both onshore and offshore pipeline assets; professionals in steel and coating companies; and academic researchers and professors with an interest in corrosion and pipeline engineering. Reviews the causes and considers the detection and prevention of corrosion to underground pipes Addresses a lack of current, readily available information on the subject Case studies demonstrate how corrosion is managed in the underground pipeline industry
Download or read book Localized Corrosion written by Fumio Hine and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Materials Processing written by Yafang Han and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-17 with total page 1274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings volume gathers selected papers presented at the Chinese Materials Conference 2017 (CMC2017), held in Yinchuan City, Ningxia, China, on July 06-12, 2017. This book covers a wide range of material surface science, advanced preparation and processing technologies of materials, high purity materials, silicon purification technology, solidification science and technology, performance and structure safety of petroleum tubular goods and equipment materials, materials genomes, materials simulation, computation and design. The Chinese Materials Conference (CMC) is the most important serial conference of the Chinese Materials Research Society (C-MRS) and has been held each year since the early 1990s. The 2017 installment included 37 Symposia covering four fields: Advances in energy and environmental materials; High performance structural materials; Fundamental research on materials; and Advanced functional materials. More than 5500 participants attended the congress, and the organizers received more than 700 technical papers. Based on the recommendations of symposium organizers and after peer reviewing, 490 papers have been included in the present proceedings, which showcase the latest original research results in the field of materials, achieved by more than 300 research groups at various universities and research institutes.
Download or read book Corrosion Inhibitors in the Oil and Gas Industry written by Viswanathan S. Saji and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-06-02 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides comprehensive coverage of corrosion inhibitors in the oil and gas industries Considering the high importance of corrosion inhibitor development for the oil and gas sectors, this book provides a thorough overview of the most recent advancements in this field. It systematically addresses corrosion inhibitors for various applications in the oil and gas value chain, as well as the fundamentals of corrosion inhibition and interference of inhibitors with co-additives. Corrosion Inhibitors in the Oil and Gas Industries is presented in three parts. The first part on Fundamentals and Approaches focuses on principles and processes in the oil and gas industry, the types of corrosion encountered and their control methods, environmental factors affecting inhibition, material selection strategies, and economic aspects of corrosion. The second part on Choice of Inhibitors examines corrosion inhibitors for acidizing processes, inhibitors for sweet and sour corrosion, inhibitors in refinery operations, high-temperature corrosion inhibitors, inhibitors for challenging corrosive environments, inhibitors for microbiologically influenced corrosion, polymeric inhibitors, vapor phase inhibitors, and smart controlled release inhibitor systems. The last part on Interaction with Co-additives looks at industrial co-additives and their interference with corrosion inhibitors such as antiscalants, hydrate inhibitors, and sulfide scavengers. -Presents a well-structured and systematic overview of the fundamentals and factors affecting corrosion -Acts as a handy reference tool for scientists and engineers working with corrosion inhibitors for the oil and gas industries -Collectively presents all the information available on the development and application of corrosion inhibitors for the oil and gas industries -Offers a unique and specific focus on the oil and gas industries Corrosion Inhibitors in the Oil and Gas Industries is an excellent resource for scientists in industry as well as in academia working in the field of corrosion protection for the oil and gas sectors, and will appeal to materials scientists, electrochemists, chemists, and chemical engineers.
Download or read book Effects of Oxygen Salt and PH Level on Corrosion Rate of Drill stem Steel written by Lawrence J. Weirick and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A technique proposed to control corrosion of the drill pipe is removal of oxygen from the drilling fluid. One approach to oxygen reduction is to substitute an anaerobic gas for air in the drilling fluid. A critical question to be answered when designing the anaerobic gas generator is what level of oxygen concentration is acceptable within the inert gas such that a low corrosion rate will be maintained. A laboratory program was done to answer this question. The program was designed to determine the effect of oxygen content, salt concentration and pH level on the corrosion rate of plain carbon steel. The corrosion rate of steel was found to decrease with increasing salt concentration at fixed pH levels and with oxygen contents in solution at equilibrium with air at 90/sup 0/C. The corrosion rate was found to decrease with increasing pH at fixed concentrations of salt and oxygen at 90/sup 0/C. The corrosion rate was also found to be proportional to the dissolved oxygen concentration at fixed pH levels and salt concentration. It is recommended that the anaerobic gas generator be designed to lower the oxygen concentration one order of magnitude below that in solution in equilibrium with air, that is, to approximately 500 ppB at 90/sup 0/C.
Download or read book Principles of Corrosion Engineering and Corrosion Control written by Zaki Ahmad and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-09-18 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion is a huge issue for materials, mechanical, civil and petrochemical engineers. With comprehensive coverage of the principles of corrosion engineering, this book is a one-stop text and reference for students and practicing corrosion engineers. Highly illustrated, with worked examples and definitions, it covers basic corrosion principles, and more advanced information for postgraduate students and professionals. Basic principles of electrochemistry and chemical thermodynamics are incorporated to make the book accessible for students and engineers who do not have prior knowledge of this area. Each form of corrosion covered in the book has a definition, description, mechanism, examples and preventative methods. Case histories of failure are cited for each form. End of chapter questions are accompanied by an online solutions manual. * Comprehensively covers the principles of corrosion engineering, methods of corrosion protection and corrosion processes and control in selected engineering environments* Structured for corrosion science and engineering classes at senior undergraduate and graduate level, and is an ideal reference that readers will want to use in their professional work* Worked examples, extensive end of chapter exercises and accompanying online solutions and written by an expert from a key pretochemical university
