Download or read book Effect of Milk Supplementation During Lactation on Pre and Post weaning Sow and Piglet Performance on a Commercial Farm written by Brent William Ratliff and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of supplemental milk during lactation on sow and piglet performance. Sows were grouped according to parity as follows: Parity 1 = group 1, Parities 2 and 3 = group 2, and all Parities greater than 3 = group 3. Litters from sows within the same group were randomly allotted to either milk or no milk treatments. At 48 h post parturition, milk supplementation was initiated and piglets were counted and weighed. At day 14 to 18, each litter was weighed, counted, and weaned. In Exp. 2 piglets were transferred to a nursery facility following weaning. Supplemental milk improved piglet weight gain and survivability pre-weaning. Also, sows with piglets receiving supplemental milk returned to estrus in fewer days. The greatest response with milk supplementation was observed in sows greater than parity three. Nursery growth performance was similar in both treatments, however piglets receiving supplemental milk pre-weaning had improved survivability.
Download or read book The gestating and lactating sow written by Chantal Farmer and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-09-04 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last book on the lactating sow was published over 15 years ago. This new book brings us up to date in current knowledge on the gestating and lactating sow. It covers new and important topics such as conditioning of gilts for optimal reproductive performance, feeding high fibre diets to gestating sows and providing various fat sources in gestation and lactation. It also describes the several key success factors to group-housing systems in gestation, which is a must due to the current move towards group-housing. The new concept of transition feeding for sows is discussed, as well as the factors involved in mammary development of gilts and sows, both of which are instrumental for maximum colostrum and/or milk yields. The impact of the human-animal interactions on sow welfare and performance is discussed with focus on new handling practices that could be developed to overbalance the negative interactions inherent to pig management systems. Updates on must-have topics, such as amino acid and energy requirements of sows, colostrum and milk yield and composition, and sow health are also provided. The subjects covered in this book will assist animal scientists, nutritionists, veterinarians and swine producers in learning the most recent information on relevant and current topics affecting sow production, and in knowing which areas are in need of further research efforts.
Download or read book Nutrition of Sows and Boars written by B. Close and published by Context Products. This book was released on 2000-08-01 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to provide information to allow the development of appropriate feeding strategies for sows and boars. In addition to basic scientific knowledge, practical guidelines and indices of reproduction are given, commensurate with good performance, health and welfare. This comprehensive work will be an invaluable source of reference for students, research scientists, veterinarians and all those engaged in practical pig production. The central role of nutrition in the reproduction of farm animals has long been recognised. In the last two decades there have been considerable advances in our knowledge of sow and boar nutrition which has allowed the development of effective feeding strategies. Such progress will continue in order to meet the demands of ever-increasing product targets. Contents Preface Introduction The pre-breeding gilt Energy: responses and requirements Protein and amino acids Minerals Vitamins Water provision Appetite Diets
Download or read book Effects of Essential Fatty Acids and Branched chain Amino Acids in Lactation Diets on Sow and Litter Performance written by Julia Perrine Holen and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is comprised of 5 chapters consisting of a review of literature on branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in lactation diets, a meta-regression analysis to evaluate the effects of BCAA on sow and litter growth performance, evaluation of the effects of essential fatty acids (EFA) in lactating sow diets on sow reproductive performance, colostrum and milk composition, and piglet survivability, supplementation of fat sources and pre-farrow EFA intake on lactating sow performance and EFA status, and the effects of increasing soybean meal in corn-based diets on growth performance of late finishing pigs. Chapter 1 presents a review of the literature on the effects of BCAA on sow mammary gland metabolism, colostrum and milk composition, and sow and litter performance. Chapter 2 describes a meta-regression analysis conducted to evaluate the effects of BCAA and their interactions in lactating sow diets to predict litter growth performance, sow bodyweight change, and sow feed intake. The results suggest that Ile, Leu, and Val play an important role in litter growth, sow bodyweight change, and sow feed intake during lactation; however, the influence of BCAA on these criteria is much smaller than that of other dietary components such as net energy, SID Lys, sow average daily feed intake, and crude protein. In Chapter 3, mixed-parity sows and their litters were used to evaluate the effects of EFA intake on sow reproductive performance, piglet growth and survivability, and colostrum and milk composition. Overall, sows consuming high EFA produced litters with heavier piglet weaning weights and greater litter average daily gain (ADG) when compared to litters from sows fed diets with low EFA. However, there was no impact of sow EFA intake on piglet survivability or subsequent sow reproductive performance. Chapter 4 describes a study evaluating the effects of supplemental fat sources and pre-farrow EFA intake on lactating sow and litter performance and EFA composition of colostrum, milk, and adipose tissue. The results suggest that providing dietary fat sources with high concentrations of EFA can increase colostrum linoleic acid and [alpha]-linolenic acid concentrations that are maintained throughout lactation. However, the changes in colostrum and milk composition did not alter litter growth performance in this experiment. Lastly, Chapter 5 presents three experiments that were conducted to determine the effects of increasing soybean meal levels in replacement of feed-grade amino acids in corn-based diets on growth performance of late finishing pigs raised in commercial facilities. The combined results of the three experiments suggest that inclusion at least 4 to 8% dietary SBM at the expense of feed-grade amino acids in corn-based diets with or without grain co-products can improve growth performance of late-finishing pigs.
Download or read book The Lactating Sow written by M. W. A. Verstegen and published by Brill Wageningen Academic. This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For veterinary practitioners, farm managers and advisors, as well as researchers and students interested in pig production, this publication provides excellent information on all important factors influencing lactation performance in sows.
Download or read book The Genetics of the Pig written by Max Frederick Rothschild and published by CABI. This book was released on 2011 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The understanding of pig genetics and genomics has advanced significantly in recent years, creating fresh insights into biological processes. This comprehensive reference work discusses pig genetics and its integration with livestock management and production technology to improve performance. Fully updated throughout to reflect advances in the subject, this new edition also includes new information on genetic aspects of domestication, colour variation, genomics and pig breeds, with contributions from international experts active in the field.
Download or read book Evaluating Nutritional Strategies in the Sow Transition Period to Improve Sow and Litter Performance Colostrum Yield and Piglet Survivability written by Kiah Marie Gourley and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three experiments using a total of 1,325 sows were used to determine the impact of different sow feeding strategies on sow and litter performance. Experiment 1 determined the optimal soybean meal concentration in lactating sow diets using three levels of increasing dietary soybean meal (25, 30, or 35% of total diet). Increasing soybean meal concentration increased sow BW loss and tended to increase sow backfat loss from farrowing to weaning. Sow average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased linearly as soybean meal concentration increased. Despite the linear response in ADFI, the greatest decrease was observed as soybean meal concentration increased from 30 to 35% of the diet. There was no evidence for difference in wean to estrus interval, or litter performance between dietary treatments. Sow serum urea nitrogen concentrations taken on d 14 of lactation increased as soybean meal concentration increased. Experiment 2 evaluated the duration of feeding increased Lys and energy prior to farrowing on sow and litter performance, piglet survival and colostrum quality in a commercial sow farm. Sows were fed 1 of 3 dietary regimens starting on d 107 of gestation: 1) Control: 2.0 kg/d gestation feed (12.5 g SID Lys and 6.5 Mcal ME) until d 113 of gestation, then 2.7 kg/d lactation feed (28 g SID Lys and 9.4 Mcal ME) until parturition; 2) 2.0 kg/d gestation feed (12.5 g SID Lys and 6.5 Mcal ME) until d 113 of gestation, then 3.8 kg/d lactation feed (40 g SID Lys and 13.3 Mcal ME) until parturition; or 3) 3.8 kg/d lactation feed (40 g SID Lys and 13.3 Mcal ME) until parturition. Increasing the duration of feeding additional Lys and ME increased sow weight and backfat gain from d 106 to 113. Average total born and born alive piglet birth weight (BiWt) was greater in gilts fed 3.8 kg/d lactation diet starting on d 107 or 113 vs. control, with no difference in piglet BiWt in sows or weaning weight in gilts and sows. Piglet mortality after cross-foster to weaning was decreased in sows fed 3.8 kg/d lactation diet starting on d 113 vs. control or increased lactation diet starting on d 107, but not in gilts. Litter gain from cross-foster to weaning was decreased in gilts fed 3.8 kg/d lactation diet starting on d 107 compared to control, with no evidence for difference in sows. Colostrum immunoglobulin G was increased in gilts and sows fed 3.8 kg/d of the lactation diet starting on d 113 compared to control. There was no evidence dietary regimen influenced piglet colostrum intake or colostrum yield, or subsequent reproductive performance. Experiment 3 evaluated the effects of timing and size of meals before farrowing on sow and litter performance under commercial conditions. Sows were fed 1 of 3 feeding management strategies until farrowing: 1) 2.7 kg lactation diet (1.15% standardized ileal digestible lysine and 2,153 Kcal/kg net energy) once daily at 0700 h; 2) 4 daily meals of 0.67 kg (0100 h, 0700 h, 1300 h, 1900 h); 3) ad libitum lactation diet and encouraged to consume feed at 0100 h, 0700 h, 1300 h, and 1900 h. Feeding sows ad libitum before farrowing tended to reduce sow body weight loss and reduce backfat loss from entry into the farrowing house until weaning compared to sows fed 4 daily meals, with sows fed once daily intermediate. Litter gain from 24 h to weaning tended to be greater in sows fed ad libitum or 4 times daily prior to farrowing compared to sows fed one meal. Piglet weaning weight increased in sows fed ad libitum before farrowing, compared to those fed one meal, with those fed 4 times daily intermediate. There was no evidence for difference in farrowing duration, stillborn rate, colostrum yield, or 24 h piglet survival regardless of treatment. However, from 24 h after farrowing to weaning, sows fed one daily meal prior to farrowing had an increased percentage of fall-behind pigs compared to sows fed ad libitum, and increased preweaning mortality compared to sows fed four daily meals, resulting in reduced weaned percentage compared to sows fed four daily meals. There was no difference in subsequent reproductive performance regardless of treatment.
Download or read book The Suckling and Weaned Piglet written by Chantal Farmer and published by Brill Wageningen Academic. This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last books discussing the neonatal or weaned pig were published over 15 years ago. This new book provides up to date information on the suckling and weaned piglet. It covers novel and important topics such as microbiota development in piglets and management of hyperprolific litters. It also discusses topics such as weaning age and its long term influence on piglet heath and performance. The developments of lean and fat tissues and of the intestinal immune system in young pigs are described in detail. Emphasis is put on well-being with chapters focussing on husbandry interventions in suckling piglets as well as consequences of the lactational environment on behavioural disturbances of pigs after weaning. The multiple stressors encountered at and post-weaning are also discussed. Updates on essential subjects such as neonatal mortality, creep feeding of suckling piglets, feeding strategies for weaned pigs, housing systems post-weaning and diseases of piglets are provided. The information covered in this book should be of great assistance to animal scientists, nutritionists, veterinarians and swine producers. They will be made aware of most recent knowledge that will assist in improving the performance and welfare of suckling and weaned piglets.
Download or read book Effect of Lactation Feed Intake on Sow Feed Digestibility Milk Yield and Composition Baby Pig Performance and Weaning to Estrus Interval written by Robert J. Harrell and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Feed efficiency in swine written by John F. Patience and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-15 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Feed efficiency in swine' has been prepared as a comprehensive treatise on the current state of our understanding of this topic which is so important to the pork industry. Each chapter is written by international authorities who understand both the science and application of their topic area. The book provides detailed insight into the many factors affecting feed efficiency, ranging from diet processing to herd health, from nutrition to physiology and from day-to-day barn management to the adoption of advanced technologies. The authors explain such practical aspects as the challenge of interpreting feed efficiency information obtained on farm or the role of liquid feeding. The authors also delve into more scientific topics such as amino acid or energy metabolism or animal physiology. This book is written for people who have a technical interest in pork production, including nutritionists, geneticists, farm management specialists, veterinarians, other academics and, of course, pork producers.
Download or read book Weaning the pig written by J.R. Pluske and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-08-28 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Weaning the Pig: Concepts and Consequences' is a new book that addresses the major issues surrounding the weaning process, both for piglets and the breeding herd, in modern-day pig production. The post-weaned pig presents many challenges to the manager, stockperson and nutritionist, and as such is a critical phase in the overall production system. Numerous challenges are also faced by the sow, which is required to be rebred as soon as possible after weaning. This book draws together summaries of research dealing with both piglets and the sow, and is a unique book in this regard. Accordingly, the material presented covers in detail the following areas associated with the weaning process: growth of the weaned pig, nutritional management in preparation for weaning, behavioural changes and adaptations around weaning, voluntary feed intake, digestive physiology, modulation of small intestinal integrity, the intestinal microflora and diarrhoeal diseases after weaning, intestinal immunity, nutritional requirements and intestinal requirements of the weaned pig, environmental and housing issues after weaning, saving and rearing supernumery and underprivileged piglets, and productivity and longevity of the weaned sow. The chapters have been written by acknowledged experts from around the world. The book is an ideal reference for all professions associated with the pig industry, and is invaluable as a text for students at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.
Download or read book Colostrum and Milk in Sow written by Morakot nuntapaitoon and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both colostrum and milk quality and quantity can influence piglet survival and growth, especially in a highly prolific sow. The Danish Landrace √ó Yorkshire crossbred was selected for high prolificacy and challenged to provide enough colostrum and milk of high quality to all piglets. This chapter reviewed the mechanism of colostrum and milk production, basic information of colostrum, and milk quality (immunoglobulin, fat, protein, lactose, etc.) and quantity. The importance of colostrum and milk in modern sows on piglet performance and survival was addressed. Since the sow immunoglobulin cannot pass epitheliochorial placenta in the sow to the piglet,Äôs bloodstream. Therefore, colostrum is a crucial role in piglet survival and growth. However, the amount of colostrum and milk production in hyperprolific sow still improve from high litter size. The knowledge about the factors influencing colostrum and milk quality and quantity, such as parity number, piglet, the environment in hyperprolific sows, may support veterinarians and farmers in the commercial swine farms for increasing pig production. Moreover, the technique to improve colostrum and milk quality and quantity were explained, such as feed supplementation in gestating and lactating sows.
Download or read book Weaning the Pig written by J. R. Pluske and published by Brill Wageningen Academic. This book was released on 2003 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book draws together summaries of research dealing with both piglets and the sow.
Download or read book Tryptophan Supplementation During Lactation on Sow Productivity written by Hallie Johnson Varvel and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study was to examine the potential effects of supplementing excess crystalline tryptophan (trp) in the lactation diets of sows. Sixty-one sows of varying parity were fed either a control diet (0.26% trp) or a treatment diet with an extra two grams of tryptophan (0.30% trp). Over the 28 day lactation period utilized by the production site, sow and litter performance were recorded. Sow performance was measured by backfat loss, blood urea nitrogen, milk composition, return to estrus, wean to estrus interval, and conception rate. Litter performance was measured as average weaning weight, number weaned, and pre-wean mortality. The control and treatment groups were further subdivided by parity for statistical analysis. Sows of parity one and two were classified as primiparous, while sows of parity three or more were classified as multiparous. There were no significant differences (P≤0.05) between the control and treatment diets even with regards to parity groups. There was one trend (0.050.10) in which treatment multiparous sows had higher litter weaning weight (P=0.055) than the control multiparous sows. In summary, these results indicate that increasing the tryptophan level in this lactation diet by two grams did not significantly influence sow or litter performance.
Download or read book The Effect of Protein Intake During Gestation and Lactation on Mammary Development Milk Production and Subsequent Reproduction of Primiparous Sows written by Jestina Kusina and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Weaning Age on Nursery Pig and Subsequent Sow Reproductive Performance written by Alison Leah Smith and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this study were to: (1) quantify the effect of piglet birth weight on weaning and nursery off-test weights, (2) assess the effect of weaning age on nursery pig performance, and (3) model the effect of weaning age on subsequent sow reproductive performance. The study utilized Danbred N.A. (Columbus, NE) barrows and gilts (n=2,467) from a commercial maternal line multiplication herd. Litters were randomly assigned at birth to either a 15 d (pigs weaned at 14, 15, and 16 d of age) or a 20 d (pigs weaned at 19, 20, and 21 d of age) average weaning age group. Increasing birth weight from 0.94 to 2.06 kg improved subsequent growth performance. Collectively, birth weight and weaning weight are important predictors of subsequent nursery growth performance. The research also defined how weaning age affects ADG, ADFI, mortality %, G:F, and feed cost/kg gain in the nursery phase of production. Pigs weaned at 20 d had greater ADG, increased ADFI, fewer pigs removed from the test, similar G:F ratios, and lower feed cost/kg gain when compared to pigs weaned at 15 d. Pigs in the 20 d weaning age group were also heavier at the end of the 42 d nursery phase of production when compared to pigs weaned in the 15 d group. Based on the differences seen in pigs weaned at 20 d and 15 d, weaning pigs at 20 d may prove advantageous in commercial operations because of the improvements in nursery growth performance. The research also analyzed the effect of lactation length on wean-to-estrus interval (WSI), wean-to-conception interval (WCI), and subsequent litter size in sows weaned at two different average weaning ages. No significant lactation length treatment differences were observed for WSI, WCI, or subsequent litter size. This study indicates that producers should be able to choose weaning ages in the range of 15 to 20 d without any negative impacts on sow reproductive performance. Thus, when producers are making weaning age decisions they must consider what the best decision is for the entire production system.
Download or read book Effects of Dietary Energy Levels in Gestation and Lipid Supplementation in Lactation on Piglet Energy Stores and Performance of Litter and Sow written by G.J.M.M. de LIMA and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sixty-nine crossbred gilts were utilized, over three consecutive parities, to evaluate the effects of increasing the feed intake in late gestation and lipid supplementation of maternal diets during lactation on sow and litter performance. In a complete randomized design, within a 2 x 2 factorial, all sows were fed 2.0 kg/day of a control corn-soybean meal diet (CS) with 3203 Kcal ME/kg from breeding to day 105 of gestation. From this day until parturition, half of the sows continued to receive 2.0 kg/day of CS diet while the others were fed same diet ad libitum. Following parturition and throughout lactation, sows from each gestation group were fed ad libitum either the control diet (CS) or a corn-soybean meal diet supplemented with 5% soybean oil (CSO) that provided 3400 KCal ME/kg. A total of 72 piglets divided equally between treatment and parity were slaughtered, 36 at birth and 36 at 48 hours later to determine the effects on neonatal energy reserves. Sows fed ad libitum in late gestation consumed 4.72 kg/day in that period. This higher (P0.0001) nutrient intake, compared to 2.0 kg/day, was utilized to increase maternal weight gain (P0.0001) rather than increase liver glycogen and carcass fat of piglets (P0.10). Birth weight, litter size and survival were not affected (P0.10). In addition, sows fed ad libitum lost more weight (P
