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Book Effect of Inorganic Salts on Pyrolysis of Wood Cellulose and Lignin Determined by Differential Thermal Analysis

Download or read book Effect of Inorganic Salts on Pyrolysis of Wood Cellulose and Lignin Determined by Differential Thermal Analysis written by Walter K. Tang and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Differential thermal analysis was conducted in both helium and oxygen atmospheres on the thermal decomposition of wood, cellulose, and lignin, untreated and treated with 2 and 8 percent by weight of eight inorganic salts and an acid. Thermograms were obtained for the temperature ranges for endothermic and exothermic reactions, for the temperatures of maximum heat absorption or release, and for the heat intensities. These data combined with results of a previous work utilizing thermogravimetric analysis provide additional information on the characteristics of thermal decomposition. In particular, these data show that the net heat of pyrolysis for untreated and treated cellulose is endothermic. The heat of pyrolysis for both wood and lignin is initially endothermic and later becomes exothermic. However, the net exothermic heat of pyrolysis for wood is only about 2 percent of the heat of combustion. The heat of combustion from wood is released by flaming of the volatiles with a maximum release at about 310C and a glowing of the solids with a second maximum release at about 440C. The influence of the several types of effective and ineffective fire-retardant salts on the initial temperature of volatilization, rate of decomposition and heat release, transition temperatures of volatilization and heat release, and maximum heat intensities are also related by this work to theories that have been developed concerning the retarding of flaming and glowing reactions of wood and its components. (Author).

Book Effect of Inorganic Salts on Pyrolysis of Wood Alpha cellulose and Lignin Determined by Dynamic Thermogravimetry

Download or read book Effect of Inorganic Salts on Pyrolysis of Wood Alpha cellulose and Lignin Determined by Dynamic Thermogravimetry written by Walter K. Tang and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamic thermogravimetric analyses were conducted under vacuum on pyrolysis of wood, of alpha-cellulose, and of lignin, untreated and treated with 2 percent by weight of five inorganic salts. Data for weight loss and for rate of weight loss were obtained to indicate the principal decomposition ranges for the wood and the wood components, the effect of the chemicals on volatilization at various temperature ranges, and the kinetics of the decomposition reactions. The difference method of Freeman and Carroll was first examined as a means for obtaining the order of the reactions, the frequency factors, and the activation energies. However, because of amplified errors in this method, a pseudo first-order Arrhenius plot was finally used for determining frequency factors and activation energies. (Author).

Book New Trends in Natural and Synthetic Polymer Science

Download or read book New Trends in Natural and Synthetic Polymer Science written by Cornelia Vasile and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of texts written by well-recognised specialists was constituted having in view these important directions of actual research. Sustainable economical growth requires safe resources of raw materials for the industrial production. Today's most frequently used industrial raw material, petroleum, is neither sustainable, because limited, nor environmentally friendly. While the economy of energy can be based on various alter-native raw materials, such as wind, sun, water, biomass, as well as nuclear fission and fusion, the economy of substances is fundamentally depending on biomass, in particular biomass of plants. In the last decades because of the crude oil and other natural resources crisis, a new alternative has been proposed consisting in utilisation of renewable natural resources as feedstock and fuel, among which the biomass is the most promising.

Book U S D A Forest Service Research Paper FPL

Download or read book U S D A Forest Service Research Paper FPL written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Effect of Inorganic Salts on Pyrolysis of Wood Alpha cellulose and Lignin Determined by Dynamic Thermogravimetry

Download or read book Effect of Inorganic Salts on Pyrolysis of Wood Alpha cellulose and Lignin Determined by Dynamic Thermogravimetry written by Walter K. Tang and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamic thermogravimetric analyses were conducted under vacuum on pyrolysis of wood, of alpha-cellulose, and of lignin, untreated and treated with 2 percent by weight of five inorganic salts. Data for weight loss and for rate of weight loss were obtained to indicate the principal decomposition ranges for the wood and the wood components, the effect of the chemicals on volatilization at various temperature ranges, and the kinetics of the decomposition reactions. The difference method of Freeman and Carroll was first examined as a means for obtaining the order of the reactions, the frequency factors, and the activation energies. However, because of amplified errors in this method, a pseudo first-order Arrhenius plot was finally used for determining frequency factors and activation energies. (Author).

Book USDA Forest Service Research Paper INT

Download or read book USDA Forest Service Research Paper INT written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites Second Edition

Download or read book Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites Second Edition written by Roger M. Rowell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-09-06 with total page 707 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wood has played a major role throughout human history. Strong and versatile, the earliest humans used wood to make shelters, cook food, construct tools, build boats, and make weapons. Recently, scientists, politicians, and economists have renewed their interest in wood because of its unique properties, aesthetics, availability, abundance, and perhaps most important of all, its renewability. However, wood will not reach its highest use potential until we fully describe it, understand the mechanisms that control its performance properties, and, finally, are able to manipulate those properties to give us the desired performance we seek. The Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites analyzes the chemical composition and physical properties of wood cellulose and its response to natural processes of degradation. It describes safe and effective chemical modifications to strengthen wood against biological, chemical, and mechanical degradation without using toxic, leachable, or corrosive chemicals. Expert researchers provide insightful analyses of the types of chemical modifications applied to polymer cell walls in wood. They emphasize the mechanisms of reaction involved and resulting changes in performance properties including modifications that increase water repellency, fire retardancy, and resistance to ultraviolet light, heat, moisture, mold, and other biological organisms. The text also explores modifications that increase mechanical strength, such as lumen fill, monomer polymer penetration, and plasticization. The Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites concludes with the latest applications, such as adhesives, geotextiles, and sorbents, and future trends in the use of wood-based composites in terms of sustainable agriculture, biodegradability and recycling, and economics. Incorporating decades of teaching experience, the editor of this handbook is well-attuned to educational demands as well as industry standards and research trends.

Book U S Forest Service Research Paper FPL

Download or read book U S Forest Service Research Paper FPL written by Forest Products Laboratory (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book U S Forest Service Research Note FPL

Download or read book U S Forest Service Research Note FPL written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book A Survey of Biomass Gasification

Download or read book A Survey of Biomass Gasification written by Solar Energy Research Institute and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications Cumulative Index

Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications Cumulative Index written by United States. Superintendent of Documents and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 1504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: