Download or read book Effect of Injection Strategies on Particulate Matter Emissions from HPDI Natural gas Engine written by Ehsan Faghani and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reducing Particulate Emissions in Gasoline Engines written by Thorsten Boger and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2018-11-28 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For years, diesel engines have been the focus of particulate matter emission reductions. Now, however, modern diesel engines emit less particles than a comparable gasoline engine. This transformation necessitates an introduction of particulate reduction strategies for the gasoline-powered vehicle. Many strategies can be leveraged from diesel engines, but new combustion and engine control technologies will be needed to meet the latest gasoline regulations across the globe. Particulate reduction is a critical health concern in addition to the regulatory requirements. This is a vital issue with real-world implications. Reducing Particulate Emissions in Gasoline Engines encompasses the current strategies and technologies used to reduce particulates to meet regulatory requirements and curtail health hazards - reviewing principles and applications of these techniques. Highlights and features in the book include: Gasoline particulate filter design, function and applications Coated and uncoated three way catalyst design and integration Measurement of gasoline particulate matter emission, both laboratory and PEMS The goal is to provide a comprehensive assessment of gasoline particulate emission control to meet regulatory and health requirements - appealing to calibration, development and testing engineers alike.
Download or read book Nanoparticle Emissions From Combustion Engines written by Jerzy Merkisz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-19 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on particulate matter emissions produced by vehicles with combustion engines. It describes the physicochemical properties of the particulate matter, the mechanisms of its formation and its environmental impacts (including those on human beings). It discusses methods for measuring particulate mass and number, including the state-of-the-art in Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) equipment for measuring the exhaust emissions of both light and heavy-duty vehicles and buses under actual operating conditions. The book presents the authors’ latest investigations into the relations between particulate emission (mass and number) and engine operating parameters, as well as their new findings obtained through road tests performed on various types of vehicles, including those using diesel particulate filter regeneration. The book, which addresses the needs of academics and professionals alike, also discusses relevant European regulations on particulate emissions and highlights selected methods aimed at the reduction of particulate emissions from automobiles.
Download or read book Effect of the Seasonal Changes in Fuel Composition on Particulate Matter Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine written by Abhikaran Singh and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MOECC) found that black carbons (BC) concentrations were significantly higher in summer than in winter, which could be attributed to the seasonal variations in fuel composition. This experimental study investigated the impact of fuel seasonal changes on particulate matter (PM) emissions using a Ford Focus wall-guided GDI engine. Fuels from five public gas stations having octane rating of 87 and 91 were analyzed and tested. This study demonstrated that summer fuels contained higher aromatics than winter fuels which led to higher PM emissions and BC concentrations during steady state and transient state conditions. Moreover, the removal of ethanol content resulted in lower PM emissions and BC concentrations during steady state conditions. This study suggested that an increase in aromatics in summer fuels could be root cause for higher BC concentrations, however, similar study should be performed in other engines to support this conclusion.
Download or read book Sources of Particulate Matter Emissions Variability from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine written by Manuel José Matos Graça Ramos and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Particulate Matter Formation Mechanisms in a Direct injection Gasoline Engine written by Jared Cromas and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fuel Effects on Particulate Matter Emissions Variability from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine written by Manual Ramos and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High pressure Direct injection of Natural Gas with Entrained Diesel Into a Compression ignition Engine written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The high-pressure direct-injection (HPDI) of natural gas in a compression ignition engine has the potential to reduce demand for petroleum derived fuels and significantly reduce the level of pollutants and greenhouse gases emitted from heavy duty transport vehicles. A new HPDI injector was tested where diesel is injected into a gas/diesel reservoir in the injector and the diesel and gas are then co-injected into the combustion chamber. In order to identify interactions between the diesel and gas in the reservoir, two different injector geometries were tested: prototypes A and B. Prototype B had reduced reservoir volume to increase gas velocity inside the injector. A majority of the tests were conducted in a single-cylinder test engine derived from a Cummins ISX diesel engine. As prototype A was being modified to create Prototype B this test engine was moved to a larger test cell. After updating the electrical, mechanical, and safety systems, the test engine in the new test cell was found to run repeatably; however, emissions comparisons between both test cells was not possible due to different analyzers being used. Single gas and double gas injections were conducted for both injector prototypes. The single gas injection tests found that increasing the diesel injection mass reduced the mass of gas injected. Increased diesel injection mass also shortened ignition delay, reduced unburned and partially burned fuel and increased NOx emissions. Holding the diesel injection mass constant and reducing the gas injection mass had the same effect as increasing diesel on ignition delay and gaseous emissions. If the diesel injection mass was kept constant and a second gas injection was added, the heat release due to the first injection decreased and the start of combustion was retarded. This appears to have occurred because some of the diesel was carried into the cylinder by the second injection and less diesel was available in the first injection to promote ignition. Double gas.
Download or read book The Effect of Multiple Pulse Injection Injection Rate and Injection Pressure on Particulate and NOx Emissions from a D I Diesel Engine written by Tryg C. Tow and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Particulate Matter Emission Characterization from a Natural gas High pressure Direct injection Engine written by Bronson David Patychuk and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Natural Gas Engines written by Kalyan Kumar Srinivasan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-03 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the various advanced reciprocating combustion engine technologies that utilize natural gas and alternative fuels for transportation and power generation applications. It is divided into three major sections consisting of both fundamental and applied technologies to identify (but not limited to) clean, high-efficiency opportunities with natural gas fueling that have been developed through experimental protocols, numerical and high-performance computational simulations, and zero-dimensional, multizone combustion simulations. Particular emphasis is placed on statutes to monitor fine particulate emissions from tailpipe of engines operating on natural gas and alternative fuels.
Download or read book Effects of Advanced Fuel Injection Strategies on DI Diesel Emissions written by A. M. Mellor and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of the program is developing engineering models for Diesel emissions and performance that: (1) stand alone as preliminary design tools, (2) provide submodels for CFD, spray-marching, and cycle simulations, and (3) offer real-time algorithms for control of smart engines. These models, because of their simplicity, also provide the design engineer with valuable insight into the predominate processes governing engine emissions and performance. The model equations are derived from first principles and are based on Damkohler numbers describing the pollutant chemistry and fluid flow processes. To date emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NO(x)) have received primary emphasis. Both quasi-steady and dynamic models have been developed and examined with data from various engines. Development of similar models for particulate emissions and power density continues. One of the topics examined in the past year is the effect of multiple fuel injections on emissions of nitric oxide.
Download or read book Modeling the Effects of Engine Speed and Fuel Injection Strategies on Power Density and Emission Levels written by Michael F. Stoia and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Oxygenates Blended with Diesel Fuel on Particulate Matter Emissions from a Compression ignition Engine written by Adelbert Su-Tseh Cheng and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mitigation of Emissions Through Injection Strategies for C I Engine written by Jayashri Narayanan Nair and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel conversion efficiency is high with diesel engines compared to petrol engines. However high emissions from diesel is a matter of concern and its mitigation paves way for scope of research. Exhaust gas recirculation is one of the method widely accepted to curb NOx emissions. Recently, split or multiple-injection strategy has been explored by researchers to precisely control the fuel injected per cycle and also to mitigate emissions. Present work reflects technical review of effect of injection strategies on performance, emissions and combustion on C.I. engine with diesel and biodiesel as fuel. Injection strategies like duration of injection, number of injections, the dwell period between two injections, quantity of injection, and multiple injections are analyzed for their influence on engine output and brake specific fuel consumption. Also their effect on emissions especially soot and NOx emission are reviewed. First the effect of injection strategies with diesel fuel is discussed followed by biodiesel.
Download or read book Characterization of Particulate Matter Morphology and Volatility for Two Direct injection Engines written by Brian M. Graves and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particulate matter emitted from two direct injection engines has been characterized by morphology, volatility, mass-mobility exponent, effective density, and size distribution using tandem measurements from a centrifugal particle mass analyzer (CPMA) and differential mobility analyzers (DMA). The engines consisted of a heavy duty, natural gas, compression ignition engine fitted with a high pressure direct injection (HPDI) system, and a four cylinder gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine fueled with gasoline and ethanol blends. The HPDI engine was tested at six conditions which varied load, speed, EGR fraction, and fuel delivery strategy. The GDI was tested at three engine loads at 2250 RPM (4%, 13%, and 26% of maximum load) in addition to an idle condition, while it was fueled using gasoline mixed with ethanol fractions of 0% (E0), 10% (E10), and 50% (E50) by volume. An increase in engine load increased particle number concentration for both engines, but the GDI idle condition produced approximately as many particles as at 13% load. An increase in ethanol fraction in the GDI decreased number concentration, but E10 produced more particles than E0 at idle and 26% load. HPDI size distributions were log-normal whereas GDI size distributions were not log-normal and were instead skewed. The fraction of the number of purely volatile particles to total number of particles (number volatile fraction, fN) for the HPDI engine decreased as load increased, although the low-speed, partially premixed mode had the lowest fN. The fN for the GDI both overall and as a function of particle mobility-equivalent diameter was under 10 percent at all engine conditions and fuels. The size-segregated ratio of the mass of internally mixed volatile material to total particle mass (fm) was similarly low for the GDI. The fm for the HPDI was higher; however it decreased with an increase in load and with particle mobility-equivalent diameter. HPDI effective density was seen to collapse to approximately a single line, but engine modes with higher fm values had slightly higher effective densities suggesting that the soot structures have collapsed into more dense shapes. Effective density and mass-mobility exponent for the GDI engine increased with load. Effective density decreased with an increase in ethanol fraction and a slight decrease in mass-mobility exponent was also observed for all conditions except idle. Effective density trends from both engines were compared to data from other GDI engines, a port fuel injection engine, and diesels, and the data is relatively similar between all engine types, with 90% of data points being within ±27% of a common trend line.
Download or read book Effect of Fuel Composition on Particulate Matter Emissions from a Gasoline Direct Injection Engine written by Bryden Alexander Smallwood and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of fuel composition on reducing PM emissions were investigated using a Ford Focus wall-guided gasoline direct injection engine (GDI). Initial results with a 65% isooctane and 35% toluene blend showed significant reductions in PM emissions. Further experiments determined that this decrease was due to a lack of light-end components in that fuel blend. Tests with pentane content lower than 15% were found to have PN concentrations 96% lower than tests with 20% pentane content. This indicates that there is a shift in mode of soot production. Pentane significantly increases the vapour pressure of the fuel blend, potentially resulting in surface boiling, less homogeneous mixtures, or decreased fuel rebound from the piston. PM mass measurements and PN Index values both showed strong correlations with the PN concentration emissions. In the gaseous exhaust, THC, pentane, and 1,3 butadiene showed strong correlations with the PM emissions.
