Download or read book Effect of High Leaf Temperature and Nitrogen Concentration on Barley Hordeum Vulgare L Photosynthesis and Flowering written by Mohammad Adel Almousa and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Nitrogen on Rates of Photosynthesis and Dark Respiration in Barley Hordeum Vulgare L Plants written by M. Wadhawan and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physiological and molecular responses of contrasting barley cultivars to limitations of potassium and water availability written by Ershad Tavakol and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2017-12-28 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants cope with drought stress conditions by adjusting transpiration and simultaneously optimizing their carbon assimilation rates. Continuous stress however, increases compounds known as reactive oxygen species (ROS) being toxic to the plants. One of the key nutrients, which aids the plants under environmental stress, is Potassium (K). It is known that optimization of K supply will mitigate the impacts of osmotic stress via increased stomatal conductance and improved assimilate translocation leading to less ROS production. In this study, we have investigated the impacts of K supply on plant water relations (e.g. water use efficiency WUE, stomatal conductance gs and assimilation AN) under osmotic stress conditions. Moreover, the dynamics of most important ROS (hydrogen peroxide H2O2, and Super oxide O2-) and antioxidants enzymes (catalase CAT, glutathione reductase GR, ascorbate peroxidase APX and super oxide dismutase SOD) were studied. Finally, Massive Analysis of CDNA Ends (MACE) was performed to observe the whole genome transcriptional responses to potassium supply under osmotic stress conditions. K supply had a positive effect on biomass-WUE, AN and gs leading to increased biomass under osmotic stress conditions. Contrarily, when low K supplied plants were treated with osmotic stress, reduced biomass was observed caused by severe ROS damage. Under the latter conditions, high activity of GR and APX was observed; nevertheless, these high activities were not sufficient to detoxify high H2O2 and O2- levels. The whole genome transcriptional response showed that low K supply plants exposed to osmotic stress were subjected to massive whole genome expression in order to resist the stress condition, costing them considerable energy consumption and eventuating in limited yield achievement. It is concluded that potassium supply under osmotic stress mitigated the photo-oxidative damage mainly via improved photosynthesis and avoiding ROS generation rather than high antioxidant activity. Optimization of K nutrient under osmotic stress recovers most of the changes in the metabolism pathways back to control conditions.
Download or read book Effects of Sustained Elevated CO2 Concentration on Two Cultivars of Barley Hordeum Vulgare L written by Mashudu Victor Siphugu and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recent Advances on Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Crop Plants and Climatic Challenges written by Hamada AbdElgawad and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-08-25 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen (N) is a mineral nutrient that is essential for the normal growth and development of plants that is required in the highest quantity. It is an element of nucleic acids, proteins, and photosynthetic metabolites, therefore crucial for crop growth and metabolic processes. Recently, it was estimated that N fertilizers could meet the 48% demand of the world’s population. However, overuse and misuse of N fertilizers raised environmental concerns associated with N losses by nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, ammonia (NH3) volatilization, and nitrate (NO3−) leaching. For instance, NH3 is a pollutant in the atmosphere, N2O is a greenhouse gas that has a warming potential 298 times higher than CO2 and contributes to ozone depletion, and NO3− causes eutrophication of water bodies. Agricultural practices account for about 90% of NH3 and 70% of N2O anthropogenic emissions worldwide. The efficient use of N chemical fertilizers can be attained through cultural and agronomic practices. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is an important trait that has been studied for decades in different crops. The grain production or economic return from the per unit supply of N fertilizer simply explained the NUE. Several definitions were suggested by different researchers. NUE can be defined as the product of N uptake efficiency (NUpE) and N utilization efficiency (NUtE). An increase in NUE increases the yield, biomass, quality, and quantity of crops. N is generally applied as chemical fertilizer to the soil, whereas a small amount is added to some crops like grain legumes through the fixation process. On the other hand, crop plants take N through the root system in the form of nitrate or ammonium which is thereby used in different metabolic processes. A number of studies have been conducted to increase the NUE in different crops and it has been indicated that NUE can be improved by agronomic, physiological, biochemical, breeding as well as molecular approaches. Nitrogen is the main limiting nutrient after carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen for the photosynthetic process, phyto-hormonal and proteomic changes, and the growth-development of plants to complete their lifecycle. Excessive and inefficient use of N fertilizer results in enhanced crop production costs and atmospheric pollution. Atmospheric nitrogen (71%) in the molecular form is not available for the plants. For the world's sustainable food production and atmospheric benefits, there is an urgent need to upgrade nitrogen use efficiency in the agricultural farming system. Nitrogen losses are too high, due to excess amount, low plant population, poor application methods, etc., which can go up to 70% of total available nitrogen. These losses can be minimized up to 15–30% by adopting improved agronomic approaches such as optimal dosage of nitrogen, application of N by using canopy sensors, maintaining plant population, drip fertigation, and legume-based intercropping. Therefore, the major concern of modern days is to save economic resources without sacrificing farm yield as well as the safety of the global environment, i.e. greenhouse gas emissions, ammonium volatilization, and nitrate leaching.
Download or read book Biochemical Models of Leaf Photosynthesis written by Susanna Von Caemmerer and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2000 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing concerns of global climatic change have stimulated research in all aspects of carbon exchange. This has restored interest in leaf-photosynthetic models to predict and assess changes in photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in different environments. This is a comprehensive presentation of the most widely used models of steady-state photosynthesis by an author who is a world authority. Treatments of C3, C4 and intermediate pathways of photosynthesis in relation to environment have been updated to include work on antisense transgenic plants. It will be a standard reference for the formal analysis of photosynthetic metabolism in vivo by advanced students and researchers.
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agronomy Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes abstracts of the annual meetings of the American Society of Agronomy; Soil Science Society of America; Crop Science Society of America ( - of its Agronomic Education Division).
Download or read book Adaptation mechanisms of grass and forage plants to stressful environments written by Jing Zhang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-04-18 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Agronomy written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1997-02-20 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 59 contains seven reviews covering key contemporary topics on crop and soil sciences. As always, the topics are varied and exemplary of the array of subject matter covered by this long-running serial. Crop science is represented by chapters on quantitative genetics and plant breeding, wheat, perennial forages, and cotton. These chapters are balanced by synthetic reviews of organoclays in pollution abatement, the applications of micromorphology, and the importance of long-term field research. With this latest volume, Advances in Agronomy continues to be recognized as a leading reference and as a first-rate source of the latest research in agronomy, crop science, and soil science. Quantitative genetics Organoclays and pollution Phenology, development, and growth Micromorphology and agronomy Physiological and morphological responses to stress Crop modeling The value of long-term experiments
Download or read book Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Barley hordeum Vulgare L to Nitrogen Availability written by Ana Clarissa Alves Negrini and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important nutrients for plant growth and crop performance. Increases in the use of N have contributed to increases in agricultural production over the past 50 years. Large amounts of this fertilizer are applied to cereals crops to maximize yields; however, excessive fertilizer application is a source of several environmental problems, including pollution and increase in CO2 emissions. One way of minimizing N application to crops is by designing genotypes with increased nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Previous studies showed that overexpression of alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT) resulted in significant increases in the NUE of canola and rice plants. This technology has been applied to barley, with preliminary studies showing promising results in terms of biomass increase and seed production. With the aim of having a more detailed understanding of the physiological mechanisms underpinning the performance of the AlaAT barley genotypes, an ecologically-focused approach was adopted to evaluate the efficiency of N use and growth performance in early vegetative stages of barley. To establish guidelines to study AlaAT overexpressing barley genotypes, a detailed growth analysis was first performed with wild-type plants grown on six N concentrations, to understand how N supply affects the carbon (C) and N economy of this crop at different stages of vegetative development. The results of these studies revealed interesting insights on the effect of N on the underlying growth parameters, and determined that the major factors affecting grown as a result of N availability are C and N allocation among above and below-ground organs. Furthermore, these studies revealed the importance of controlling for ontogenetic drift by comparing plants of similar masses when analyzing the effect of N availability on growth traits. Subsequently, analysis of the C and N economy of the AlaAT overexpressing barley genotypes revealed no increases in growth and N productivity compared to null controls. Biochemical measurements suggested that post-translational issues may have prevented increase in AlaAT activity and protein abundance during the vegetative period over which plants were grown. The role of N on agricultural production goes beyond the increase in plant growth and seed yield. N fertilization, in the form of NO3- also increases crop performance and survival during waterlogging. However, the mechanism behind this improvement in hypoxia tolerance has not yet been elucidated. With the aim of having a better understanding about N supply and hypoxia interaction, I analyzed the effect of NO3-availability on the global gene expression in response to hypoxia in barley. My results suggest that NO3- availability may be linked to the increase in ATP production, and that N supply affected numerous events within barley plants. This includes changes in N and C allocation that resulted changes in growth rate and biomass accumulation, protein expression, and transcriptomic responses to low oxygen stress. My thesis research suggests that increases in the efficiency of N use could be achieved by improving the capacity for N uptake and assimilation, associated with a reduction in the proportion of respiratory losses to maintain a large root system.
Download or read book Metabolic Adaptations in Plants During Abiotic Stress written by Akula Ramakrishna and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Key features: Serves as a cutting-edge resource for researchers and students who are studying plant abiotic stress tolerance and crop improvement through metabolic adaptations Presents the latest trends and developments in the field of metabolic engineering and abiotic stress tolerance Addresses the adaptation of plants to climatic changes Gives special attention to emerging topics such as the role of secondary metabolites, small RNA mediated regulation and signaling molecule responses to stresses Provides extensive references that serve as entry points for further research Metabolic Adaptations in Plants during Abiotic Stress covers a topic of past, present and future interest for both scientists and policy makers as the global challenge of climate change is addressed. Understanding the mechanisms of plant adaptation to environmental stresses can provide the necessary tools needed to take action to protect them, and hence ourselves. This book brings together recent findings about metabolic adaptations during abiotic stress and in diverse areas of plant adaptation. It covers not only the published results, but also introduces new concepts and findings to offer original views on the perspectives and challenges in this field.
Download or read book Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen and Irrigation on Growth Yield and Quality of Malt Barley Hordeum Vulgare L Var Alfa 93 written by Paramjit Singh and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agrindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture with Subject Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1987-10 with total page 1238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Botany written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
