Download or read book Effect of Environmental Factors on the Physiology of the Halophyte Suaeda Maritima L Dum written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of salinity, temperature, light and aeration on the germination, growth and ion uptake of the halophyte Suaeda maritima were studied: the emphasis was on the interaction of salinity with the other factors. For optimum germination, seed needed vernalising while wet with a sodium chloride concentration of less than 200 mM. After this pretreatment germination was best at a temperature of 25°C in the dark: light reduced germination from 70 to 36 %. Salinity of 20 and 200 mM NaCl had little effect on the germination of seed presoaked at 5°C in salt for one month.The effect of NaCl, MgCl2 and a combination of the two salts on growth and ion uptake was examined for both whole plants and individual leaves. Optimal growth ocurred in NaCl at a concentration of 200 mM. Addition of MgCl2 (19 mM; approximately the ratio of Na/Mg found in seawater) depressed growth relative to the NaCl alone. MgCl2 alone adversley affected the growth of Suaeda plants and caused their death at concentrations of 200 mM and above. The effect of long-term exposure to NaCl was also examined. Suaeda was transplanted into ten levels of NaCl (20 to 2000 mM, plus culture solution). Although, best growth occured in a sodium chloride concentration about half that of seawater (200 mM), plants survived to produce seed with continuous exposure to salt concentrations up to 500 mM. Plants survived at 1500 and 2000 mM NaCl for about one month and 20 days, respectively: they did not flower. The plants grown at 750 to 1000 mM NaCl did not produced seeds, although, they flowered.The effect of light on growth and ion uptake was studied. The plants were grown under four light flux densities (70, 170, 260 and 450 umoles m-2 s-1) and three salinities (culture solution, 20 and 200 mM NaCl). The growth of shoot and root decreased with decreasing both light and salinity. Increasing light flux density tended to increase selectivity for K over Na and affected the ratio between the fluxes of these ions and the growth rate.The effect of root temperature (from 10 to 40°C) on growth, ion uptake, photosynthesis and ATP content was also studied: the results show that increasing root temperature from 10 to 40°C improved the fresh and dry weights, producing optimal growth at 30°C whether theIXseeds were germinated and grown (before transplanting) at 10 or 20°C (the lower temperature delayed the growth of the seedlings in comparison with the germination at 20°C). Sodium and chloride in the shoot increased (on a dry weight basis) with increasing root temperature from 10 to 30°C. At root temperatures of 20 and 30°C, C02 uptake during plant photosynthesis and H20 loss in transpiration was higher than at the two other temperatures. ATP concentration was higher in the root than the shoot and increased with increasing salinity up to 200 mM NaCl and decreased at 400 mM NaCl in the roots, while it decreased in the shoot with increasing NaCl concentration. The ATP concentration was affected by the low root temperature (10°C), but its concentration increased at 20° and 30^.Soil aeration is another factor found to be particular important in affecting plant growth and ion uptake: saturating the soil with water leads to oxygen deficiency and consequently low growth or plant death. In this work, plants were grown in one of three oxygen concentrations (1, 5 and 20 % 02) and three NaCl concentrations (culture solution, 20 and 200 mM). The results indicated that decreasing oxygen concentration round the roots depressed the growth at all salinities.Finally, the effect of inhibiting cytoplasmic streaming with Cytochalasin B (CB) on the transfer of chloride (36C1) from root to the shoot was investigated. Rates of 36C1 uptake (at different salinities) were in accord with those estimated from changes in ion contents: CB had a short-term effect on 36C1 uptake and transport.X.
Download or read book Effect of Environmental Factors on the Physiology of the Halophyte Suaeda Maritima L Dum written by Hassan Saeed Mobarak Al-Zahrani and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physiological Plant Ecology III written by O. L. Lange and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 803 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: O.L. LANGE, P.S. NOBEL, C.B. OSMOND, and H. ZIEGLER Growth, development and reproductive success of individual plants depend on the interaction, within tolerance limits, of the factors in the physical, chemical and biological environment. The first two volumes of this series addressed fea tures of the physical environment (Vol. 12A) and the special responses of land plants as they relate to water use and carbon dioxide assimilation (Vol. 12B). In this volume we consider specific aspects of the chemical and biological envi ronment, and whereas the previous volumes were primarily concerned with the atmospheric interactions, our emphasis here shifts very much to the soil. This complex medium for plant growth was briefly reviewed in Chapter 17, Volume 12A. Since it is difficult to determine the precise physical and chemical interactions in the soil, it is even more difficult to determine the important biological interactions among organisms. Nevertheless there is growing aware ness of the significance of these interactions and their effects on physiological processes in the individual plant.
Download or read book Saltmarsh Ecology written by Paul Adam and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1993-07-08 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A broad introduction to the ecology of the unique environment of the saltmarsh.
Download or read book Salinity Tolerance in Plants Mechanisms and Regulation of Ion Transport written by Vadim Volkov and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-01-12 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life presumably arose in the primeval oceans with similar or even greater salinity than the present ocean, so the ancient cells were designed to withstand salinity. However, the immediate ancestors of land plants most likely lived in fresh, or slightly brackish, water. The fresh/brackish water origins might explain why many land plants, including some cereals, can withstand moderate salinity, but only 1 – 2 % of all the higher plant species were able to re-discover their saline origins again and survive at increased salinities close to that of seawater. From a practical side, salinity is among the major threats to agriculture, having been one of the reasons for the demise of the ancient Mesopotamian Sumer civilisation and in the present time causing huge annual economic losses of over 10 billion USD. The effects of salinity on plants include osmotic stress, disruption of membrane ion transport, direct toxicity of high cytoplasmic concentrations of sodium and chloride on cellular processes and induced oxidative stress. Ion transport is the crucial starting point that determines salinity tolerance in plants. Transport via membranes is mediated mostly by the ion channels and transporters, which ensure selective passage of specific ions. The molecular and structural diversity of these ion channels and transporters is amazing. Obtaining the detailed descriptions of distinct ion channels and transporters present in halophytes, marine algae and salt-tolerant fungi and then progressing to the cellular and the whole organism mechanisms, is one of the logical ways to understand high salinity tolerance. Transfer of the genes from halophytes to agricultural crops is a means to increase salt tolerance of the crops. The theoretical scientific approaches involve protein chemistry, structure-function relations of membrane proteins, synthetic biology, systems biology and physiology of stress and ion homeostasis. At the time of compiling this e-book many aspects of ion transport under salinity stress are not yet well understood. The e-book has attracted researchers in ion transport and salinity tolerance. We have combined our efforts to achieve a wider, more detailed understanding of salt tolerance in plants mediated by ion transport, to understand present and future ways to modify and manipulate ion transport and salinity tolerance and also to find natural limits for the modifications.
Download or read book Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology written by Mohammad Pessarakli and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-07-13 with total page 1200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continuous discoveries in plant and crop physiology have resulted in an abundance of new information since the publication of the third edition of the Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology. Following its predecessors, the fourth edition of this well-regarded handbook offers a unique, comprehensive, and complete collection of topics in the field of plant and crop physiology. Divided into eleven sections, for easy access of information, this edition contains more than 90 percent new material, substantial revisions, and two new sections. The handbook covers the physiology of plant and crop growth and development, cellular and molecular aspects, plant genetics and production processes. The book presents findings on plant and crop growth in response to climatic changes, and considers the potential for plants and crops adaptation, exploring the biotechnological aspects of plant and crop improvement. This content is used to plan, implement, and evaluate strategies for increasing plant growth and crop yield. Readers benefit from numerous tables, figures, case studies and illustrations, as well as thousands of index words, all of which increase the accessibility of the information contained in this important handbook. New to the Edition: Contains 37 new chapters and 13 extensively revised and expanded chapters from the third edition of this book. Includes new or modified sections on soil-plant-water-nutrients-microorganisms physiological relations; and on plant growth regulators, both promoters and inhibitors. Additional new and modified chapters cover the physiological responses of lower plants and vascular plants and crops to metal-based nanoparticles and agrichemicals; and the growth responses of plants and crops to climate change and environmental stresses. With contributions from 95 scientists from 20 countries, this book provides a comprehensive resource for research and for university courses, covering plant and crop physiological responses under normal and stressful conditions ranging from cellular aspects to whole plants.
Download or read book Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology Third Edition written by Mohammad Pessarakli and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-03-21 with total page 1034 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continuous discoveries in plant and crop physiology have resulted in an abundance of new information since the publication of the second edition of the Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology, necessitating a new edition to cover the latest advances in the field. Like its predecessors, the Third Edition offers a unique, complete collection of topics in plant and crop physiology, serving as an up-to-date resource in the field. This edition contains more than 90 percent new material, and the remaining 10 percent has been updated and substantially revised. Divided into nine parts to make the information more accessible, this handbook covers the physiology of plant and crop growth and development, cellular and molecular aspects, and production processes. It addresses the physiological responses of plants and crops to environmental stresses, heavy metals, and agrichemicals; presents findings on small RNAs in response to temperature stress; and discusses the use of bioinformatics in plant/crop physiology. The book deals with the impacts of rising CO2 levels and climate change on plant/crop growth, development, and production. It also offers guidance on plants and crops that can be successfully cultivated under more stressful conditions, presented in six chapters that examine alleviation of future food security issues. With contributions from 105 scientists from 17 countries, this book provides a comprehensive resource for research and for university courses, covering plant physiological processes ranging from the cellular level to whole plants. The content provided can be used to plan, implement, and evaluate strategies for dealing with plant and crop physiology problems. This edition includes numerous tables, figures, and illustrations to facilitate comprehension of the material as well as thousands of index words to further increase accessibility to the desired information.
Download or read book Biosalinity in Action Bioproduction with Saline Water written by D. Pasternak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, scientists and laymen have regarded salinity as a hazar dous, detrimental phenomenon. This negative view was a principal reason for the lack of agricultural development of most arid and semi arid zones of the world where the major sources of water for biological production are saline. The late Hugo Boyko was probably the first scientist in recent times to challenge this commonly held, pessimistic view of salinity. His research in Israel indicated that many plants can be irrigated with saline water, even at seawater strength, if they are in sandy soil - a technique that could open much barren land to agriculture. This new, even radical, approach to salinity was clearly enunciated in the book he edited and most appropriately entitled 'Salinity and Aridity: New Approaches to Old Problems' (1966). A decade later, three members of the United States National Science Foundation (NSF), Lewis Mayfield, James Aller and Oskar Zaborsky, formulated the 'Biosaline Concept'; namely, that poor soils, high solar insolation and saline water, which prevail in arid lands, should be viewed as useful resources rather than as disadvantages, and that these resources can be used for non-traditional production of food, fuels and chemicals. The First International Workshop on Biosaline Research was con vened at Kiawah Island, South Carolina, in 1977 by A. San Pietro.
Download or read book Index to Theses with Abstracts Accepted for Higher Degrees by the Universities of Great Britain and Ireland and the Council for National Academic Awards written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1056 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theses on any subject submitted by the academic libraries in the UK and Ireland.
Download or read book Prospects for Saline Agriculture written by R. Ahmad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Saline land is a resource capable of significant production. Recent advances in research in breeding for salt tolerance in wheat, biotechnology in rice, and selection and rehabilitation of salt-tolerant plants are of economic importance in arid/saline conditions. This book gives some practical approaches for saline agriculture and afforestation, and describes examples of cultivating salt-tolerant/halophytic plants for commercial interest on salt-affected land or with highly salinized water in Australia, China, Central Asia, Egypt, Pakistan, and Russia. It also explores the possibilities of arid/saline agriculture and afforestation in UAE.
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 1216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Halophytic Plants for Animal Feed Associated Botanical and Nutritional Characteristics written by Salah Abdelaty Attia-Ismail and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2022-06-09 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Halophytic plants are a fascinating group of plants that also serve as dietary feed for livestock. Their utilization is essential for sustainable agriculture and maintaining ecological balance. This book explains the nature of halophytic plants through an in-depth presentation of their botanical and nutritional characteristics. Chapters of the book highlight different aspects of halophytes on a botanical, histological, ecological and nutritional basis when utilized as animal feed components. The issues of the histo-chemical aspects of halophytes are addressed with regard to their impact on nutrient compositions and availability to animals, while the important nutrient contents of halophytes are considered in relation to their value to animals. Key Features: - 10 organized chapters on halophytic plants - Explains the relationship between botanical and nutritional characteristics of halophytes when utilized as animal feed components - Covers information about important nutrient contents and secondary metabolites in halophytes - Includes information on nutritional and feeding values for animals - Includes informative diagram and tables - Includes references for further reading This book fills a notable gap in available literature on the subject, and will stimulate researchers to pursue the many unanswered questions in the field of biosaline agriculture. This text serves as reading material for undergraduate and graduate level courses and specializations in agriculture, animal nutrition, animal physiology, botany and plant physiology. It also serves as supplementary reading for students of taxonomy, ecology, and environmental science courses. Professional and apprentice livestock farmers will also benefit from the information presented by the book.
Download or read book Plant Adaptation Strategies in Changing Environment written by Vertika Shukla and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-29 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the crucial aspects of plant adaptation strategies in higher as well as lower plant groups. Stress induced by changing environmental conditions disrupts or alter various physiological and metabolic processes in organisms, however, plants have evolved various defence strategies to cope with external perturbations. The book discusses speciation changes in response to extreme ecological conditions such as cold, heat, aridity, salinity, altitude, incidental UV radiation and high light intensity, which are particularly relevant in the current scenario of global warming. It also explores the effects of human activities and emission of phytotoxic gases. Further, it describes the overall adaptation strategies and the multifaceted mechanisms involved (integrated complex mechanism), ranging from morphological to molecular alterations, focusing on plants’ capabilities to create an inner environment to survive the altered or extreme conditions. This book is a valuable tool for graduate and research students, as well as for anyone working on or interested in adaptation strategies in plants.
Download or read book Halophytes and Climate Change written by Mirza Hasanuzzaman and published by CABI. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains current knowledge and the most recent developments in the field of halophyte biology, ecology, and potential uses. Halophytes are characterised as plants that can survive and complete their life cycle in highly saline environments. This book explores the adaptive mechanisms and special features of halophytes that allow them to grow in environments that are unsuitable for conventional crops and considers their role as a source of food, fuel, fodder, fibre, essential oils, and medicines. Halophytes and Climate Change includes coverage of: - Special morphological, anatomical, and physiological features of halophytes - Ion accumulation patterns and homeostasis in halophytes - Potential use of halophytes in the remediation of saline soil - Growth and physiological response and tolerance to toxicity and drought - Mangrove ecology, physiology, and adaptation Written by a team of international authors and presented in full colour, this book is an essential resource for researchers in the fields of plant physiology, ecology, soil science, environmental science, botany, and agriculture.
Download or read book Physiological Plant Ecology III written by Otto Ludwig Lange and published by Encyclopedia of Plant Physiolo. This book was released on 1983 with total page 824 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Part 3=Volume 12C.
Download or read book Physiology and Biochemistry of Metal Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants written by M.N. Prasad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to give an overview of the most important aspects of physiological and biochemical basis for metal toxicity and tolerance in plants. The book is expected to serve as a reference to university and college teachers, students of plant sciences, environmental biology, environmental biotechnology, agriculture, horticulture, forestry, plant molecular biology, and genetics.
Download or read book Environmental Stress in Plants written by Joe H. Cherry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental stresses represent the most limiting factors to agricultural productivity worldwide. Their impact is not only on presently cultivated crops, they are also significant barriers to the introduction of crop plants in noncultivated areas. A significant global problem in the improvement of agriculture is the major variation in annual crop yields due to variations in environmental stresses such as drought, flooding, salinity, and temperature variations. This summary presents current background and research knowledge on all important environmental stresses and their respective influence on plant growth, development and crop yield as well as on biochemical and physiological events within plant tissues in reaction to changing environmental conditions.
