Download or read book Effect of Elevation Aspect Canopy and Season on Soil Temperature Measurements for Soil Classification written by David L. Green and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of aspect, canopy, elevation, and season both singly and in combination on soil temperatures at 50 cm depths were evaluated. The objectives of the study were (i) to develop a standard procedure for obtaining soil temperature data adequate to classify soils at the family and great group levels, (ii) to evaluate the effects which elevation, canopy, aspect, and season singly and in combination have on soil temperature, (iii) to evaluate the durability and consistency of selected instruments, and (iv) to test whether the months used by the Soil Survey Staff (1975) for calculating mean summer and winter temperatures are appropriate for this locality. Monitoring sites were established at seven elevations spanning soil temperature regimes from mesic to cryic. At each elevation, sites were located on both northerly and southerly aspects, and within each aspect under full forest canopy and in an opening or clearcut. Temperatures were read monthly using four different instruments. Marys Peak, in the Oregon Coast Range, was chosen as the general location for the study. A number of methods were used in analysis of the data. Graphs showing various temperature interactions among the main site factors were developed. The Sips statistical package (Rowe and Brenne, 1981) was used to develop analysis of variance tables for seasons as defined by Soil Taxonomy as well as an alternative set of seasons, which were based on the observation in the data that maximum summer and minimum winter temperatures lag behind the periods as defined in Soil Taxonomy. Analysis of variance tables were constructed for these seasons both with and without data from 610 meters, to evaluate data from an unusually warm site at this level. This statistical package was also used to develop a regression model utilizing Soil Taxonomy seasons without data from 610 meters. Using Soil Survey Staff's (1975) seasons but excluding data from 610 meters, elevation by canopy, aspect by canopy, elevation by season, canopy by season, and aspect by season were statistically significant at the .05 level. This was mostly attributed to the insulation effect provided by the closed canopy resulting in reduced direct solar radiation reaching the soil surface. There was evidence of possible iso-temperature regimes occurring under closed canopy conditions at all elevations on both aspects if seasons were defined according to Soil Survey Staff (1975) guidelines. However, if seasons are defined to truly represent the three consecutive coldest and warmest months, then only two sites remained iso. A regression model with an R2 value of .98 was developed for the Marys Peak area. Variables included aspect, canopy, elevation, season, and two-way interactions; elevation by canopy, elevation by season, aspect by canopy, and canopy by season. There were no significant differences between selected instruments concerning consistency. However, the Soiltest instrument was found to be the most durable and least expensive.
Download or read book Study of Soil Temperature Parameters as Affected by Site Aspect written by Augmar Drumond Ramos and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences Accepted by Colleges and Universities of the United States and Canada written by Wade H. Shafer and published by Springer. This book was released on 1984-02-01 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This series lists applicable thesis titles published in the United States and Canada. Volume 40 covers thesis year 1995. All back volumes are still available.
Download or read book Measuring Soil and Tree Temperatures During Prescribed Fires with Thermocouple Probes written by Stephen S. Sackett and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil and cambium temperatures must be known to ascertain certain effects of prescribed fires on trees. Thermocouple-based systems were devised for measuring soil and cambium temperatures during prescribed fires. The systems, which incorporate both commercially available and custom components, perform three basic functions: data collection, data retrieval, and data translation. Although the systems and procedures for using them were designed for research purposes, they could be adapted for monitoring operational prescribed fires.
Download or read book Agronomy News written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sept.-Oct. issue includes list of theses and dissertations for U.S. and Canadian graduate degrees granted in crop science, soil science, and agronomic science during the previous academic year.
Download or read book Structure and Function of an Alpine Ecosystem written by William D. Bowman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2001-04-26 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will provide a complete overview of an alpine ecosystem, based on the long-term research conducted at the Niwot Ridge LTER. There is, at present, no general book on alpine ecology. The alpine ecosystem features conditions near the limits of biological existence, and is a useful laboratory for asking more general ecological questions, because it offers large environmental change over relatively short distances. Factors such as macroclimate, microclimate, soil conditions, biota, and various biological factors change on differing scales, allowing insight into the relative contributions of the different factors on ecological outcomes.
Download or read book The effects of altitude on soil temperature written by F H W. Green and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book O S U Theses and Dissertations 1978 1982 written by Oregon State University and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book General Technical Report INT written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studying Tree Responses to Extreme Events written by Achim Bräuning and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-06-05 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trees are among the longest-living organisms. They are sensitive to extreme climatic events and document the effects of environmental changes in form of structural modifications of their tissues. These modifications represent an integrated signal of complex biological responses enforced by the environment. For example, temporal change in stem increment integrates multiple information of tree performance, and wood anatomical traits may be altered by climatic extremes or environmental stress. Recent developments in preparative tools and computational image analysis enable to quantify changes in wood anatomical features, like vessel density or vessel size. Thus, impacts on their functioning can be related to climatic forcing factors. Similarly, new developments in monitoring (cambial) phenology and mechanistic modelling are enlightening the interrelationships between environmental factors, wood formation and tree performance and mortality. Quantitative wood anatomy is a reliable indicator of drought occurrence during the growing season, and therefore has been studied intensively in recent years. The variability in wood anatomy not only alters the biological and hydraulic functioning of a tree, but may also influence the technological properties of wood, with substantial impacts in forestry. On a larger scale, alterations of sapwood and phloem area and their ratios to other functional traits provide measures to detect changes in a tree’s life functions, and increasing risk of drought-induced mortality with possible impacts on hydrological processes and species composition of plant communities. Genetic variability within and across populations is assumed to be crucial for species survival in an unpredictable future world. The magnitude of genetic variation and heritability of adaptive traits might define the ability to adapt to climate change. Is there a relation between genetic variability and resilience to climate change? Is it possible to link genetic expression and climate change to obtain deeper knowledge of functional genetics? To derive precise estimates of genetic determinism it is important to define adaptive traits in wood properties and on a whole-tree scale. Understanding the mechanisms ruling these processes is fundamental to assess the impact of extreme climate events on forest ecosystems, and to provide realistic scenarios of tree responses to changing climates. Wood is also a major carbon sink with a long-term residence, impacting the global carbon cycle. How well do we understand the link between wood growth dynamics, wood carbon allocation and the global carbon cycle? Papers contribution to this Research Topic will cover a wide range of ecosystems. However, special relevance will be given to Mediterranean-type areas. These involve coastal regions of four continents, making Mediterranean-type ecosystems extremely interesting for investigating the potential impacts of global change on growth and for studying responses of woody plants under extreme environmental conditions. For example, the ongoing trend towards warmer temperatures and reduced precipitation can increase the susceptibility to fire and pests. The EU-funded COST Action STREeSS (Studying Tree Responses to extreme Events: a SynthesiS) addresses such crucial tree biological and forest ecological issues by providing a collection of important methodological and scientific insights, about the current state of knowledge, and by opinions for future research needs.
Download or read book Fluxes of Carbon Water and Energy of European Forests written by Riccardo Valentini and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After years of technological development and its important achievements to make our life easier and more comfortable, human society is going to face one of the most difficult challenges of the last century: to stabilize the concentra tion levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to prevent harmful effects on the climate system. Through a delicate balance between photosynthesis and respiration, terres trial ecosystems, and in particular forests, are today thought to take up a sig nificant part of the carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere, sometimes called the "terrestrial carbon sink". However, the location, magnitude, and vulnerability of the carbon dioxide sink of the terrestrial biota are still uncer tain. The suite of traditional tools in an ecologist's toolbox for studying ecosys tem productivity and carbon balance include leaf cuvettes, whole-plant and soil chambers for gas exchange, and biomass and soil carbon inventories. While each of the cited methods has distinct advantages, they are limited with regards to their ability to measure net carbon dioxide exchange of the whole ecosystem across a variety of time scales. This book present a compendium of results of a European project (EURO FLUX), funded by the European Commission through its fourth framework program, aiming to elucidate the role of forests in continental carbon balance.
Download or read book Guidelines for Soil Description written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2006 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soils are affected by human activities, such as industrial, municipal and agriculture, that often result in soil degradation and loss. In order to prevent soil degradation and to rehabilitate the potentials of degraded soils, reliable soil data are the most important prerequisites for the design of appropriate land-use systems and soil management practices as well as for a better understanding of the environment. The availability of reliable information on soil morphology and other characteristics obtained through examination and description of the soil in the field is essential, and the use of a common language is of prime importance. These guidelines, based on the latest internationally accepted systems and classifications, provide a complete procedure for soil description and for collecting field data. To help beginners, some explanatory notes are included as well as keys based on simple test and observations.--Publisher's description.
Download or read book Study of Soil Temperature Parameters as Affected by Site Aspect written by A. D. Ramos and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study was done on the Davis Campus of the University of California in Yolo Country, in order to assess the effects of slope aspect on soil temperature. Continuous soil temperature measurments were made at 10 and 50 cm depths for nearly one year beginning in Oct. 1976. Five soil sites were chosen: a level site, southwest, southeast, northeast, and northwest aspects. The results showed that soil temperatures at both depths followed certain patterns as affected by surface exposure to the solar radiation. These patterns of the soil temperature were linked to the energy balance characteristic of a give site. The observed 10 cm depth temperatures were primarily influenced by southerly versus northerly exposure effects, with the mean annual temperature at this depth being higher at the southwest and southeast aspects, intermediate at the level site, and decreasing on the northerly aspects, the lowest mean being on the northwest-facing site. On a seasonal basis the pattern changed, the southwest aspect became the warmest site in the fall, and this aspect and the level site with nearly the same temperature, were the warmest sites in winter time. The 50 cm depth temperatures were dominantly affected by easterly and westerly components of aspects so that the easterly aspects had warmer mean annual soil temperatures than the level site. The latter had a higher mean than both westerly aspects. A secondary effect of southerly versus northerly exposures made the southerly aspects warmer than the northerly ones ...
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 962 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Soil Type Temperature and Moisture on Pink Bollworm Larvae and Pupae Buried Under Laboratory Conditions written by Clyde A. Richmond and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book General Technical Report RM written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Land Use Effects on Streamflow and Water Quality in the Northeastern United States written by Avril L. de la Cretaz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-06-01 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filling a long-standing need for a desk reference that synthesizes current research, Land Use Effects on Streamflow and Water Quality in the Northeastern United States reviews and discusses the impact of forest management, agriculture, and urbanization. The book provides a gateway to the diverse scientific literature that is urgently needed
