Download or read book Effect of Dietary Fish Oil and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Supplementation on Fatty Acid Oxidation in Rat Skeletal Muscle written by Brian L. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Dietary Fish Oil on Skeletal Muscle Vascular Control in Chronic Heart Failure Rats written by Clark T. Holdsworth and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Impaired vasomotor control in chronic heart failure (CHF) limits the delivery of O2 to skeletal muscle during exercise. Previous results demonstrate significant increases in skeletal muscle blood flow (BF) during exercise with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation via fish oil (FO) versus safflower oil (SO) in healthy rats (Stebbins CL et al., Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 20:475-86, 2010). Whether PUFA supplementation with FO will improve vasomotor control in CHF and skeletal muscle BF during exercise remains to be determined. This investigation tested the hypothesis that PUFA supplementation with FO would augment the skeletal muscle BF response to exercise in rats with CHF when compared to SO. CHF was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by myocardial infarction produced via left coronary artery ligation. Rats were then randomized to dietary FO (20% docosahexaenoic acid and 30% eicosapentaenoic acid, n = 8) or SO (5% safflower, n = 6) supplementation for 6 weeks. Rats remained on their respective diets until final experiments were conducted. Following acute instrumentation and recovery (> 1 hour), mean arterial pressure (MAP), skeletal muscle BF to the total hindlimb and individual muscles (via radiolabeled microspheres), and blood lactate concentration were determined during rest, submaximal treadmill exercise and exercise+LNAME (20 m · min−1, 5% incline). Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) measured in the SO and FO groups during instrumentation were similar and demonstrated moderate CHF (LVEDP; SO: 14 ± 2; FO: 11 ± 1 mmHg, P>0.05). During submaximal exercise, MAP (SO: 128 ± 3; FO: 132 ± 3 mmHg) and blood lactate (SO: 3.8 ± 0.4; FO: 4.6 ± 0.5 mmol · 1−1) were similar (P>0.05) between groups. Exercising hindlimb skeletal muscle BF was higher in SO compared to FO (SO: 120 ± 11; FO: 93 ± 4 ml · min−1 · 100 g−1). Specifically, 17 of 28 individual hindlimb muscle BF's were higher (P

Download or read book Effects of Dietary Fish Oil Supplementation on the Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow Response to Submaximal Treadmill Exercise written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) containing docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has been demonstrated to produce advantageous effects on vascular function. Specifically, PUFA supplementation has resulted in enhanced brachial artery blood flow (Q), dilation, and vascular conductance (VC) during rhythmic handgrip exercise. The effects of fish oils (FO) on skeletal muscle blood flow (Qm) during dynamic whole body exercise, however, remain unknown. PURPOSE: To test our hypothesis that 6 weeks of dietary FO supplementation with DHA and EPA enhances regional Qm and VC to the hindlimb musculature during submaximal treadmill exercise. METHODS: Following 6 weeks of dietary supplementation with safflower oil (SO) (control; n = 9) or FO (n = 8), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and Q[subscript]m to the hindlimb were measured at rest and during submaximal treadmill exercise (20 m/min, 10%, ~65% VO[subscript]2max) via radiolabeled microspheres in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. RESULTS: HR and MAP were not different between SO and FO at rest or exercise (P

Download or read book Omega 3 Fatty Acids in Health and Disease written by Lindsay Brown and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-09-27 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Health and Disease" that was published in JCM

Download or read book The Effect of EPA and DHA on Skeletal Muscle Physiology and Energy Balance written by Saeed Jebor Ghnaimawi and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation commonly suggested during pregnancy confers many health benefits on offspring and more recently improves fetal BAT development and induces myoblast trans-differentiation into adiopocytes through activating PPARs expression. Embryonic myoblast is a highly flexible cell showing great capacity to change its phenotype into adipocyte in response to EPA and DHA supplementation in many in vitro models. However, a little is known about the identity of derived adipocytes, whether, they change into brown or white adipocyte, and in vivo evidence is still missing. Given that the myogeneis process is initiated at the mid of gestation and fetal BAT development is formed at the late stage of pregnancy, we sought to investigate the effect of EPA and DHA supplementation on fetal muscle growth and energy regulation. To achieve our goal, the study was mapped in two patterns: three in vitro experiments, devoted to test the effect of combined and isolated EPA and DHA on C2C12 undergoing differentiation into white and brown adipocytes, and in vivo experiment devoted to investigate the effect of maternal ingestion of EPA and DHA enriched diet on muscle growth, BAT activity, lipid metabolism regulation in liver, and browning of sWAT. C2C12 cell have frequently been used as a representative model of myoblasts in preclinical trials. In vitro, Cells were induced to differentiate into white or brown adipocytes using hormonal cocktail in the absence (CON) or presence of (50 æm) EPA and (50 æm) DHA in combination or separately. The results suggested that EPA and DHA treatments potentiate the route of C2C12 trans-differentiation into white- like adipocytes with a greater potency of DHA in compared to EPA. The effect was mediated via inhibiting myogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis processes and up-regulating the expression of WAT signature genes and impairing the aquistion of brown adipocyte phenotype. Changing genes profile was concurrent with increasing lipid droplets formation and impairing mitochondrial function. In vivo, mice were fed a diet containing (3.05%) fish oil (FA) enriched with EPA and DHA or diet devoid of fish oil (CON) throughout the entire period of gestation and lactation. The results showed partial inconsistency with in vitro trials where transient increase in myogenesis regulating genes and MHC4 without increasing muscle mass were observed in FA treated group. An increasing intramuscular fat infiltration as a result of stimulating the expression of adipogenesis regulating genes was predominant in FA treated group at day 1 and 21 post-parturition. Also, maternal EPA/ DHA intake induced up-regulation the expression of fatty acids catabolism regulating genes in liver. Stimulating BAT development and activity and browning of subcutaneous white adipose tissue were demonstrated in FA treated group in weaned mice. Taken together, EPA and DHA supplementation is associated with ectopic lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle but not on the expense of myoblasts, and it can be suggested as an excellent therapeutic option to combat childhood obesity as a result of their potential role in stimulating energy expenditure transcriptional program.

Download or read book Effects of Dietary Intake of Fish Oils on Cardiovascular Function During Exercise in Humans written by Milton Wesley Walser and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Differential Metabolism of Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Decosahexaenoic Acid written by Ryna Levy Milne and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effects of Omega 3 Supplementation on Whole Body and Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism in Humans written by Sebastian Jannas-Vela and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In humans, evidence regarding the effects of (omega-3) n-3 supplementation on whole body resting metabolic rate (RMR) and fatty acid (FA) oxidation is limited and controversial. In the first study of this thesis, supplementing with a high dose of fish oil (FO) containing 2 g/d eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 1 g/d docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) for 12 weeks, in healthy young males did not affect RMR and substrate oxidation. However, FA oxidation was increased (36%) with a concomitant decrease (34%) in carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation, during the winter season, independent of supplementation. These data demonstrate that RMR and substrate oxidation were unaffected by n-3 supplementation in healthy young males, and that substrate utilization may be affected by changes in external temperature. The second study of the present thesis investigated whether supplementing with purified EPA or DHA would influence whole body RMR and substrate oxidation, in healthy young females and males. Supplementing with olive oil (OO), EPA or DHA had no effect on RMR and substrate oxidation, in males. However, in females, supplementing with DHA decreased (-7%) RMR with no effect on substrate oxidation, whereas OO and EPA, had no effect on these measurements. These data confirmed previous studies reporting small effects of n-3s in RMR and substrate oxidation in females and males. A previous study, in healthy older females, reported a significant increase in resting oxygen consumption (14%) and fat oxidation (19%), after a 12-week period of FO supplementation. Therefore, we examined the effects of FO on RMR, substrate oxidation and skeletal muscle Na+/K+ ATPase (NKA) and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) activity in healthy older adults. There was no effect on RMR, substrate oxidation, and skeletal muscle NKA and SERCA activity and protein content, after a 12-week supplementation period with OO or FO. However, there was a decrease in NKA pump sensitivity to Na+, after FO supplementation. These data suggest, that in healthy older adults, n-3s have no effect on whole body and skeletal muscle resting energy metabolism. Altogether, this thesis supports recent evidence, arguing that the necessity to supplement with EPA and DHA, in healthy individuals has been overemphasized.

Download or read book Health Effects of omega 3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Seafoods written by Artemis P. Simopoulos and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 1991 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Dietary Fish Oil on Cholesterol Levels and Fatty Acid Composition of Tissue in Rats written by Dana Ann Crague and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Potential Role of Fish Oil Supplementation in Overcoming Sarcopenia written by Torkamol Kamolrat and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fish oil supplementation (containing eicosapentaenoic acid; EPA and docosahexaenoic acid; DHA) may have a potential role in overcoming the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and function, termed sarcopenia. The aim of this thesis was to determine whether fish oil supplementation can enhance anabolic signalling, muscle strength, protein metabolism and functional abilities in ageing skeletal muscle. In ageing rats (aged 13 months) the effect of 8-week fish oil (2.5 g/day, consisting of 240 mg EPA and 245 mg DHA) supplementation on skeletal muscle anabolic signalling pathways and changes in lean body mass was determined. The data revealed fish oil supplementation tended (P=0.09) to preserve total lean mass loss and increased whole-body glucose flux and phosphorylation of the PI3K-PDK1-p70s6k pathway in type II glycolytic muscle fibres. There was no effect of supplementation on markers of inflammation. In C2C12 myotubes, the distinct effects of EPA and DHA on protein synthesis, protein breakdown and signalling pathways, information previously unknown, was examined. Data showed that EPA (50 μM) augmented L-leucine stimulated protein synthesis and anabolic signalling. EPA also reduced protein breakdown and catabolic signalling. DHA (50 μM) increased anabolic signalling (specifically p70s6k phosphorylation) but had no effect on any other measures. In healthy older women (aged> 65 years) the effect of fish oil supplementation, 4 g/day fish oil (containing 1.7 g EPA and 0.4 g DHA) daily for 12 weeks, on adaptations in skeletal muscle function in response to resistance training was examined. The data revealed that fish oil supplementation enhanced adaptations in isometric strength, gait speed, and also decreased markers of insulin resistance.

Download or read book The Return of W3 Fatty Acids Into the Food Supply written by Artemis P. Simopoulos and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique publication for the first time brings together scientists from academia, government and industry to discuss the role of omega-3 fatty acids in health, the need to reintroduce them into the food supply, the methods by which this can be accomplished and the state of research. With the domestication of animals, there has been a change in animal feeds, which in turn transformed the composition of meats, particularly the content of essential fatty acids. Changes similar to those in meats have occurred in the composition of eggs, poultry and in fish from aquaculture. Up-to-date reviews on the role of omega-3 fatty acids in health, cardiovascular disease, bone remodeling relative to osteoporosis and in patients with retinitis pigmentosa emphasize the need for a balance of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids in the food supply. The reintroduction of omega-3 fatty acids into food products is discussed, and the methods involved in their production as well as their metabolic effects on human beings and companion animals are outlined. Overall, the papers presented indicate the necessity to establish recommended daily intakes for both omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. Furthermore, there is a need to redefine food safety; changes in food composition must also be taken into consideration. This unique publication is a valuable source for physicians, nutritionists, dietitians, veterinarians and agriculturalists, as well as for all those concerned with aspects of food production, food technology, food policy and consumer issues.

Download or read book Omega 3 Fatty Acids in Health and Disease written by Robert S. Lees and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-07-24 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A report from research in the MIT Sea Grant College Program. Discusses the relationship between particular fatty acids found only in fish oil, and human health. Presents and evaluates information on the health effects of dietary fats generally; evidence that fish oil consumption affects the incidenc

Download or read book Fish Fish Oil and Human Health written by Jürgen C. Frölich and published by W. Zuckschwerdt. This book was released on 1992 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nutritional Influences on Bone Health written by Peter Burckhardt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-20 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutritional Influences on Bone Health presents a collection of papers from the 8th International Symposium on Nutritional Aspects of Osteoporosis, the primary forum for and only regular meeting exclusively devoted to the topic of nutritional influences on bone health. The outcome is a fusion of the most current and up-to-date research in this area. Key themes include the permeation of the Western diet across the globe, calcium, vitamin D and acid-base balance. Written by authorities on the impact of nutrition on bone health, Nutritional Influences on Bone Health brings the reader the emerging trends, new messages and the latest scientific data in the field, to inform future research and clinical practice. This comprehensive, well researched volume is an essential reference for professionals in the field of bone health and nutrition.

Download or read book Dietary Fish Oil written by María Elena Zúñiga Saldierna and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Muscle Atrophy written by Junjie Xiao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-02 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book addresses the development of muscle atrophy, which can be caused by denervation, disuse, excessive fasting, aging, and a variety of diseases including heart failure, chronic kidney diseases and cancers. Muscle atrophy reduces quality of life and increases morbidity and mortality worldwide. The book is divided into five parts, the first of which describes the general aspects of muscle atrophy including its characteristics, related economic and health burdens, and the current clinical therapy. Secondly, basic aspects of muscle atrophy including the composition, structure and function of skeletal muscle, muscle changes in response to atrophy, and experimental models are summarized. Thirdly, the book reviews the molecular mechanisms of muscle atrophy, including protein degradation and synthesis pathways, noncoding RNAs, inflammatory signaling, oxidative stress, mitochondria signaling, etc. Fourthly, it highlights the pathophysiological mechanisms of muscle atrophy in aging and disease. The book’s fifth and final part covers the diagnosis, treatment strategies, promising agents and future prospects of muscle atrophy. The book will appeal to a broad readership including scientists, undergraduate and graduate students in medicine and cell biology.