Download or read book Effect of Composition and Section Size on Mechanical Properties of Some Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steels written by H. W. Garvin and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications have developed in which the high-strength properties associated with precipitation hardening stainless steel alloys are of considerable interest in large and medium section sizes. In a number of instances, transverse loading is involved. In common with other high strength materials, ductility in the transverse direction is lower than in the longitudinal direction. This paper presents transverse tension data obtained on a number of these alloys which serve to define this characteristic in a variety of shapes and sizes. The alloys discussed are 17-7 PH, PH 15-7 Mo, PH 13-8 Mo, 17-4 PH, and 15-5 PH. It is demonstrated that structural characteristics, particularly delta ferrite and certain precipitates, markedly influence transverse ductility and, in large section of 17-7 PH and PH 15-7 Mo, longitudinal ductility. Vacuum remelting does not help the directional ductility characteristics in compositions in which delta ferrite is a major controlling factor. Alloys in which composition changes have been incorporated to vary these structural factors have been developed. One of these is PH 13-8 Mo which is a composition employing aluminum as a hardening agent in which the analysis is adjusted to eliminate delta ferrite. This steel has excellent transverse ductility, especially in products made from double vacuum melted ingots. Another new material which has been called 15-5 PH contains copper as a hardening agent and is free of delta ferrite. In this modified composition the transverse ductility across the dead center of large sections is somewhat inferior to the transverse ductility obtainable at intermediate and surface locations in products made from air-melted ingots. Consumable electrode vacuum remelting eliminates the lower dead center transverse ductility in delta ferrite free products, such as 15-5 PH, by minimizing gross segregation, and excellent transverse ductility is obtained in any location.

Download or read book Physical and Mechanical Properties of Nine Commercial Precipitation hardenable Stainless Steels written by D. A. Roberts and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Ferrite on the Mechanical Properties of a Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel written by V. J. Colangelo and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary object of this study was to determine the effect of ferrite and its orientation upon the mechanical properties of a precipitation hardening stainless steel with particular attention to the short transverse properties. The investigation consisted of four major parts: the preliminary investigation of billet properties; the effect of forging reduction and ferrite content upon mechanical properties; the effect of notch orientation upon impact strength and the relationship of heat composition to ferrite content. Low ductility and impact strength in the short transverse direction were found to be associated with the orientation and shape of the ferrite plates. It was also determined that notch orientation had a direct effect upon the values obtained in impact testing. The overall investigation showed that high ferrite contents in general had a deleterious effect upon mechanical properties and that the ferrite content could be minimized by exercising rigorous control of the heat composition.

Download or read book New Developments in High strength Stainless Steels written by A. F. Hoenie and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents information on the physical metallurgy, chemical composition, mechanical and physical properties, corrosion resistance, fabrication, and cleaning of several of the newer high-strength stainless steels. The alloys covered include one semiaustenitic precipitation-hardenable stainless steel, PH14-8Mo, and the following martensitic precipitation- hardenable stainless steels: PH13-8Mo, 15-5PH, Custom 455, AM-363, AM-362, and AFC-77. Also included is 17-4PH as a sheet and strip product.

Download or read book Advances in the Technology of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys written by and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1983 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Ferrite on the Mechanical Properties of a Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel written by Vito J. Colangelo and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Precipitation Hardening written by J. W. Martin and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Precipitation Hardening (or age-hardening) is an important technique for the metal-using industries. The process is used to enhance the mechanical properties of a wide range of alloys, notably those based on aluminium, but also embracing some nickel and other non-ferrous alloys as well as certain steels. It is important that the mechanisms that produce this improvement in properties are understood so that the desired properties can be optimised. This book provides a thorough treatment and grounding in the subject for the student of materials science and engineering, as well as guidance, for those using the process in industry and in research. A number of excerpts from classic papers are included, which illustrate the development of precipitation hardening from being an art to a science.Precipitation Hardening (or age-hardening) is an important technique for the metal-using industries. The process is used to enhance the mechanical properties of a wide range of alloys, notably those based on aluminium, but also embracing some nickel and other non-ferrous alloys as well as certain steels. It is important that the mechanisms that produce this improvement in properties are understood so that the desired properties can be optimised. This book provides a thorough treatment and grounding in the subject for the student of materials science and engineering, as well as guidance, for those using the process in industry and in research. A number of excerpts from classic papers are included, which illustrate the development of precipitation hardening from being an art to a science.

Download or read book Influence of Composition on the Post Processing Response of Additively Manufactured Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steels written by Derek Shaffer and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moving from traditional thermomechanical processing to additive manufacturing (AM) of precipitation hardening (PH) stainless steels has introduced unexpected differences in the heat treatment response that produce wide variations mechanical properties. Changes in powder compositions and AM processing conditions have been identified as the primary causes since they produce different as-deposited microstructures within the same alloy system. In PH grade stainless steels, differences in nitrogen composition have been identified as the major contributor. For example, with low nitrogen levels on the order of 0.01 wt%, large ferritic grain structures with small amounts of a high temperature delta-ferrite existing along the grain boundaries are produced. On the other hand, high nitrogen levels on the order of 0.1 wt% or greater result in large amounts of retained austenite (81 vol.%). In order to form a more consistent microstructure and evenly disperse critical elemental constituents, such as copper, high temperature heat treatments precede aging in the typical two-step heat treatment. During these high temperature heat treatments, which are on the order of 1040 °C, the goal is to form a complete solid solution in a stable austenite phase, but often overlooked, high temperature carbonitrides also form. The high temperature M(C,N) consists primarily of Nb and Cr which favors CrN for the high N compositions and NbC for the low N compositions. Changing the composition and volume fraction of the M(C,N) and therefore the Cr, Nb, C, and N in the steel by changing the overall nitrogen content can cause differences in the high temperature heat treatment response. The influence of the M(C,N) has not been evaluated with respect to its impact on mechanical properties or aging response. To evaluate the impact of composition on high temperature heat treatment responses, multiple 17-4 PH stainless steel compositions spanning ranges of Cr (15.2-16.5 wt%), Mn (0.13-0.72 wt%), and N (0.025-0.142 wt%) contents were characterized. In the low nitrogen compositions, the hardness remained consistent across all heat treatment times and temperatures, but with higher nitrogen composition, hardness varied with solutionizing conditions. The main drivers for hardness fluctuations in high nitrogen materials during high temperature heat treatments are retained austenite fractions and solid solution strengthening. Decreasing the austenite fraction relative to the as-deposited condition causes an initial increase in the hardness (about 100 HV). Solid solution strengthening then results in continued hardening (variations on the order of 70 HV) which varies with nitrogen content in the martensite as a function of M(C,N) growth and dissolution with changes in solutionizing conditions. Microstructures formed through solutionizing also impact the aging response. While there is no noticeable change in the copper precipitates, there is still rather wide variations in aged properties and aging response. Evaluating tensile properties added insights into the changing microstructures that are not captured in the typical hardness and retained austenite measurements. After solutionizing and aging, the breakdown of the ferritic structures improved elongation in comparison to the aged ferrite that was characteristic of the directly aged material. With respect to the impact of composition, higher required aging temperatures for the high nitrogen alloys has been identified and evaluated so specific solutionizing conditions as well as aging heat treatments can be selected based on the material composition and targeted properties. It is clear that solutionizing and aging heat treatments must be adapted to incoming material composition. To adequately adjust the heat treatments, a composition-based metric to guide appropriate solutionizing and aging is developed based on thermodynamic and empirical results. While nitrogen content varies significantly and has been the primary focus, this metric and heat treatments are based on the entire composition. While solutionizing and aging have been investigated in detail, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) presents a separate issue. HIP is commonly used in AM to heal defects (at 1185 °C for PH stainless steel) and is typically used in addition to solutionizing in PH grade stainless steel, but it has been proposed as a replacement for solutionizing. HIP provided no clear trend or apparent improvement over solutionizing, but the formation of unexpected copper precipitates in both the low nitrogen and higher nitrogen alloys was observed due to slower cooling (10 °C/min compared to 10 °C/sec). Solution heat treatments after standard HIP were found to result in properties that align with the materials that were only solutionized. HIP with uniform rapid cooling (URC) was used in an attempt to increase the cooling rates directly from HIP to avoid copper precipitation, but similar properties to HIP were observed after HIP with URC. Again, solutionizing following HIP with URC results in properties that also align well with the other solutionized materials. While HIP and HIP with URC present interesting options for microstructural development, it is recommended that solutionizing is still performed after any HIP heat treatment.

Download or read book ASTM Special Technical Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Combined Effects of Temperature and Irradiation on the Mechanical Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steels written by J. E. Irvin and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Relationship Between Metallurgical Structure and Properties of a Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel written by R. H. Kaltenhauser and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of AM-355, a precipitation-hardening stainless steel, were found to be highly dependent upon carbide morphology. Corrosive attack in salt spray could always be associated with carbide precipitation at matrix discontinuities such as austenite or delta-ferrite grain boundaries. Continuous carbide precipitation at austenite grain boundaries was found to promote stress-corrosion failures in salt spray and to adversely affect certain mechanical properties such as ductility and impact strength.

Download or read book The Journal of the Iron and Steel Institute written by Iron and Steel Institute and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 1048 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes the institute's Proceedings.

Download or read book Properties of Some Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steels and Low Alloy High Strength Steels at Very Low Temperatures written by L. P. Rice and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cryogenic properties of materials have assumed great importance since the development of the liquid-fueled rocket engine as a prime propulsion system. A great deal of work is under way in a number of laboratories, including Battelle Memorial Institute, to determine the mechanical properties of materials to be used at liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen temperatures. Of special interest are a number of alloys such as the precipitation-hardening stainless steels and the high-strength low-alloy steels being used in missiles and aircraft now in production. These steels possess high strength-to-weight ratios and are generally heat treated so as to have high strength at room and moderately elevated temperatures. Mechanical properties of metals and alloys measured at cryogenic temperatures often reveal extreme brittleness. It is for this reason that the selection or use of high-strength metals for low-temperature applications must be based on mechanical properties determined at the operating temperatures. This paper contains data on the cryogenic properties of several precipitation-hardening stainless steels and high-strength low-alloy steels from room temperature to -423 F.

Download or read book Deformation Processing of Precipitation hardening Stainless Steels written by D. E. Strohecker and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Thermochemical Surface Engineering of Steels Improving Materials Performance written by Eric J. Mittemeijer and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermochemical surface engineering significantly improves the properties of steels. Edited by two of the world s leading authorities, this important book summarises the range of techniques and their applications. It covers nitriding, nitrocarburizing and carburizing. There are also chapters on low temperature techniques as well as boriding, sheradizing, aluminizing, chromizing, thermo-reactive deposition and diffusion. Reviews the fundamentals of surface treatments and current performance of improved materialsCovers nitriding, nitrocarburizing and carburizing of iron and iron carbon alloysExamines how different thermochemical surface engineering methods can help against corrosion"

Download or read book Advances in the Technology of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys written by American Society for Testing and Materials and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: