Download or read book Effect of Composition and Processing on the Microstructure and Formability of Aluminium Automotive Body Sheet Alloys written by Hao Zhong and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stretch forming is a common deformation mode during the stamping of 6xxx series Al-Mg-Si(-Cu) automotive body panels. Good formability in this mode requires high work hardening and strain rate hardening capabilities, which are controlled by the alloy composition and processing (particularly heat treatments) through their influence on the microstructure. The influence of composition and heat treatment on the formability of 6xxx alloys has been previously investigated, but systematic research is still needed in order to provide a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms for the purpose of maximising the formability of 6xxx alloys, whenever possible, by composition and heat treatment modifications. Therefore, in this PhD project, the effects of alloy composition (Si, Mg and Cu contents) and heat treatment (natural ageing and/or pre-ageing at 100 oC for 2 h or at 200 oC for 20 s) on the formability of eight 6xxx alloys were systematically studied. The microstructure of these alloys was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The macro-texture was characterised by X-ray diffraction. A surface profilometer was used to characterise the strain localisation. Tensile testing was used to determine the uniaxial tensile properties, and to study the work hardening and strain rate hardening behaviour of these alloys, which were used to correlate the microstructural features with the formability results. The use of Kocks-Mecking-Estrin model enabled a separation of the contributions of different microstructural features to the work hardening capability of the alloys studied. Furthermore, based on the knowledge from the experimental and constitutive modelling results, thermodynamic modelling was employed to predict the microstructure that could improve the formability of a high Mg content alloy. In this work it was found that solutes in solution are the most important factor that influences the stretch formability. It increases the work hardening capability by increasing the dislocation storage rate and impeding the dynamic recovery. For instance, Cu atoms were found to have a significant influence on the dislocation storage rate while having little influence on the dynamic recovery rate; conversely, Mg atoms have a substantial influence on the dynamic recovery rate while having little effect on the dislocation storage rate; and, finally, Si atoms have a slight influence on both the dynamic recovery rate and the dislocation storage rate. It should be noted that increasing Si content also leads to a high number density of dispersoids, although the contribution of dispersoids to work hardening is much smaller than that of solute atoms in solution. In terms of strain rate hardening behaviour, solute atoms in solution (particularly Mg atoms) reduce the strain rate sensitivity (SRS). However, if the addition of solutes promotes the natural ageing kinetics, then a high SRS is observed after extended natural ageing. This is the case in the high Si content alloys. By contrast, high Mg content alloys normally show a sluggish natural ageing kinetics, thus a larger negative contribution to SRS associated with dynamic strain ageing (DSA) can be observed. It was also found that Cu additions can retard the natural ageing kinetics regardless of the magnitude of the Mg/Si ratio in the alloys. The degree of retardation does depend on the Mg/Si ratio, though. This is particularly the case in the alloys with a high Mg/Si ratio where serrated yielding can still be observed in the alloy after one week of natural ageing. This is at variance with other alloys where serrated yielding disappeared within one day of natural ageing after quenching, which can be associated with the depletion of solutes and quenched-in vacancies. Vacancies were also found to influence the formability. This is particularly important in pre-aged samples. After one week of natural ageing, pre-aged samples showed a lower SRS than those without pre-ageing, which is probably due to a higher vacancy concentration in the pre-aged samples. The excess vacancies may exist as solute-vacancy complexes or be bound with solute clusters depending on pre-ageing time. A model was proposed to account for the decreased SRS in the pre-aged samples. Stretch formability is a property that is crucial in the selection of Al alloys for targeted applications. It was investigated in the course of the project in great detail. The overall effect of the alloy composition on the formability is that increasing Si content or decreasing Mg/Si ratio can improve the stretch formability due to the increased work hardening and strain rate hardening capabilities. The addition of Cu can significantly enhance the stretch formability of alloys with Mg/Si > 1, which is because the magnitude of the work hardening is more important than that of the strain rate hardening. An important property that influences acceptance of an alloy of the 6xxx series by industry is its bake-hardening response. This aspect of alloy development was also studied in the thesis. It was shown that although pre-ageing can improve the paint-bake response of the 6xxx alloys, pre-ageing was found to reduce their stretch formability due to the decreased work hardening and strain rate hardening capabilities. This effect is especially pronounced in the case when the samples are pre-aged at 100 oC for 2 h, as pre-ageing reduces the strain rate hardening appreciably. Therefore, this work suggests that any attempts at improving the stretch formability of 6xxx alloys must also consider their effects on the paint-bake response.Finally, thermodynamic modelling results show that the stretch formability of the excess Mg alloy A2, which has a relatively poor stretch formability, can be improved by increasing the Si and Mn contents and/or decreasing the Mg content.Thus, a tangible outcome of the PhD project is a detailed set of reliable experimental results on the effect of the alloy composition and heat treatment of 6xxx alloys studied on their strength and ductility characteristics, stretch formability, and bake-hardening response. Moreover, practically, this PhD project not only explains why most of the commercial 6xxx alloys for automotive outer panels are Si-rich alloys, but also provides guidance for the development of Mg-rich 6xxx alloys for automotive panel applications.
Download or read book Formability of Metallic Materials 2 000 A D written by John R. Newby and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1982 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aluminium Alloys written by Jürgen Hirsch and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-11-17 with total page 2580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aluminium is a well established modern lightweight engineering and functional material with a unique combination of specific properties like strengh, formability, durability, conductivity, corrosion resistance, etc. It is present in many intelligent solutions in established markets like building, transport, packaging, printing, and many others, in our fast moving modern society. The various aluminium alloys can be processed quite efficiently in large quantities by conventional fabrication routes, as well as in special sophisticated forms and material combinations for highly innovative high–tec solutions and applications. This book contains latest information about all these aspects in form of the refereed papers of the II th International Conference on Aluminium Alloys "ICAA", where world–wide experts from academia and engineers from industry present latest results and new ideas in fundamental as well as applied research. Since 22 years the ICAA series provides scientists and engineers with a complete overview over the latest scientific and technological developments, featuring profound technology–based overviews and new innovative perspectives. This book is a reference for the scientific community as well as for the aluminium industry working on aluminium alloy development, processing and application issues. It gives a global perspective on the current focus of international research with emphasis on in–depth understanding of specific properties and applications of conventional and advanced aluminium alloys.
Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1076 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Formatibility of Metallic Materials 2000 A d written by and published by ASTM International. This book was released on with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Light Metals 2016 written by Edward Williams and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-20 with total page 983 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Light Metals symposia are a key part of the TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition, presenting the most recent developments, discoveries, and practices in primary aluminum science and technology. Publishing the proceedings from these important symposia, the Light Metals volume has become the definitive reference in the field of aluminum production and related light metal technologies. The 2016 collection includes papers from the following symposia: 1.Alumina and Bauxite 2.Aluminum Alloys, Processing, and Characterization 3.Aluminum Reduction Technology 4.Cast Shop Technology 5.Electrode Technology 6.Strip Casting
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Aluminum and Its Alloys Two Volume Set Print written by George E. Totten and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 2957 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This encyclopedia, written by authoritative experts under the guidance of an international panel of key researchers from academia, national laboratories, and industry, is a comprehensive reference covering all major aspects of metallurgical science and engineering of aluminum and its alloys. Topics covered include extractive metallurgy, powder metallurgy (including processing), physical metallurgy, production engineering, corrosion engineering, thermal processing (processes such as metalworking and welding, heat treatment, rolling, casting, hot and cold forming), surface engineering and structure such as crystallography and metallography.
Download or read book Effects of Composition and Primary Processing on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of High strength Aluminum Alloys written by T. H. Sanders and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Light Metals 2015 written by Margaret Hyland and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-20 with total page 1174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Light Metals symposia are a key part of the TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition, presenting the most recent developments, discoveries, and practices in primary aluminum science and technology. Publishing the proceedings from these important symposia, the Light Metals volume has become the definitive reference in the field of aluminum production and related light metal technologies. The 2015 collection includes papers from the following symposia: 1.Alumina and Bauxite 2.Aluminum Alloys: Fabrication, Characterization and Applications 3.Aluminum Processing 4.Aluminum Reduction Technology 5.Cast Shop for Aluminum Production 6.Electrode Technology for Aluminum Production 7.Strip Casting of Light Metals
Download or read book New Materials Applications and Processes written by Jian Min Zeng and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2011-11-22 with total page 2480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 461 peer-reviewed papers presented in this volume are grouped into 14 chapters: Non-Ferrous Metallic Materials, Iron and Steel, Composites, Micro/Nano-Materials, Ceramics, Optical/Electronic/Magnetic Materials, New Functional Materials, Environmentally Friendly Materials, New Energy Materials, Biomaterials, Materials Forming and Machining, Physics and Numerical Simulation of Material Processes, Surface Engineering/Coatings, and Mechanical Behavior and Fracture. The voluminous contents function as a handbook guide to these topics. Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS).
Download or read book Comprehensive Materials Processing written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-04-07 with total page 5485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Materials Processing, Thirteen Volume Set provides students and professionals with a one-stop resource consolidating and enhancing the literature of the materials processing and manufacturing universe. It provides authoritative analysis of all processes, technologies, and techniques for converting industrial materials from a raw state into finished parts or products. Assisting scientists and engineers in the selection, design, and use of materials, whether in the lab or in industry, it matches the adaptive complexity of emergent materials and processing technologies. Extensive traditional article-level academic discussion of core theories and applications is supplemented by applied case studies and advanced multimedia features. Coverage encompasses the general categories of solidification, powder, deposition, and deformation processing, and includes discussion on plant and tool design, analysis and characterization of processing techniques, high-temperatures studies, and the influence of process scale on component characteristics and behavior. Authored and reviewed by world-class academic and industrial specialists in each subject field Practical tools such as integrated case studies, user-defined process schemata, and multimedia modeling and functionality Maximizes research efficiency by collating the most important and established information in one place with integrated applets linking to relevant outside sources
Download or read book The Effect of Microstructure on Cavitation During Hot Deformation in Fine grained AA5083 Aluminum Alloy Sheet Material written by Jung-Kuei Chang and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aluminum alloys are of great interest to the automobile industry for vehicle mass reduction, which improves vehicle performance and reduces emissions. Hot forming processes, such as superplastic forming (SPF) and quick-plastic forming (QPF) have been developed to take advantage of the improved formability of certain aluminum materials at elevated temperature. Commercial fine-grained aluminum alloy AA5083 sheet is the most commonly used material in the SPF and QPF forming processes. Hot formability of AA5083 is often limited by material cavitation during forming, which makes understanding and controlling cavitation an issue of primary importance for improving hot sheet forming processes. The thermomechanical processing history of AA5083 can strongly affect superplastic performance, causing variations in formability between material lots. These variations are closely related to microstructure, and intermetallic particles are prime suspects for controlling cavitation behavior. However, there has been little more than anecdotal evidence available that these particles nucleate or influence cavitation. Interactions between intermetallic particles and cavities were, thus, analyzed using both two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) microstructure characterization techniques. Analysis of 3-D microstructures from AA5083 specimens deformed under conditions similar to the SPF and QPF processes provide conclusive proof that cavities form at specific types of intermetallic particles. Differences in cavitation between materials deformed under the SPF and QPF processes result from differences in deformation mechanisms. These differences are illustrated by the formation of filaments on fracture surfaces of superplastically deformed AA5083 specimens, which have been characterized.
Download or read book Metals Abstracts Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 1634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Green and Sustainable Manufacturing of Advanced Material written by Mrityunjay Singh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-08-18 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable development is a globally recognized mandate and it includes green or environment-friendly manufacturing practices. Such practices orchestrate with the self-healing and self-replenishing capability of natural ecosystems. Green manufacturing encompasses synthesis, processing, fabrication, and process optimization, but also testing, performance evaluation and reliability. The book shall serve as a comprehensive and authoritative resource on sustainable manufacturing of ceramics, metals and their composites. It is designed to capture the diversity and unity of methods and approaches to materials processing, manufacturing, testing and evaluation across disciplines and length scales. Each chapter incorporates in-depth technical information without compromising the delicate link between factual data and fundamental concepts or between theory and practice. Green and sustainable materials processing and manufacturing is designed as a key enabler of sustainable development. A one-stop compendium of new research and technology of green manufacturing of metals, ceramics and their composites In-depth cutting-edge treatment of synthesis, processing, fabrication, process optimization, testing, performance evaluation and reliability which are of critical importance to green manufacturing Stimulates fresh thinking and exchange of ideas and information on approaches to green materials processing across disciplines
Download or read book Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on the Technology of Plasticity Current Trends in the Technology of Plasticity written by Katia Mocellin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-08-19 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume highlights the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of metal forming, as presented by leading international researchers and engineers at the 14th International Conference on Technology of Plasticity (ICTP), held in Mandelieu-La Napoule, France on September 24-29, 2023. It covers a diverse range of topics such as manufacturing processes & equipment, materials behavior and characterization, microstructure design by forming, surfaces & interfaces, control & optimization, green / sustainable metal forming technologies, digitalization & AI in metal forming, multi-material processing, agile / flexible metal forming processes, forming of non-metallic materials, micro-forming and luxury applications. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, present a wealth of exciting ideas that will open novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists.
Download or read book Materials for Automobile Bodies written by Geoffrey Davies and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-10-21 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The selection of automobile body materials is fundamental to the choice of fabrication method, and the characteristics and performance of the final vehicle or component. The factors behind these choices comprise some of the key technological and design issues facing automotive engineers today. Materials for Automobile Bodies presents detailed up-to-date information on material technologies for the automobile industry, embracing steels (including high-strength steels) aluminium, plastics, magnesium, hydro-forming and composite body panels. Coverage also includes: materials processing; formability; welding and joining; anti-corrosion technologies; plus a comprehensive consideration of the implications of materials selection on these processes. Dealing with the whole assembly process from raw material to production, right through to recycling at the end of a vehicle's life, this book is the essential resource for practising engineers, designers, analysts and students involved in the design and specification of motor vehicle bodies and components.* Up-to-date information on contemporary autobody materials * International case studies, examples and terminology* Fully illustrated throughout, with examples from Honda, Ferrari, Lotus, BMW and Audi
Download or read book Light Metals 2013 written by Barry Sadler and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-21 with total page 1410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Light Metals series is widely recognized as the definitive source of information on new developments in aluminum production technology. This new volume presents proceedings from 2013's Light Metal Symposia, covering the latest research and technologies on such areas as alumina and bauxite, aluminum reduction technology, electrode technology for aluminum production, cast shop for aluminum production, aluminum processing aluminum alloys, and cost affordable titanium IV. It also includes papers from a keynote presentation session discussing impurities in the aluminum supply chain are also included.
