Download or read book Effect of Biochar Amendment on Soil Nitrous Oxide Emission written by Hong Yuan Deng and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In Canada, agricultural soils are the source of about 70% of the total emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas (298 times CO2 equivalent) and ozone-depleting substance. The denitrification reaction that occurs in soils under anoxic conditions (e.g., after rainfall and snowmelt) is responsible for converting nitrate (NO3-) from fertilizer into N2O gas. Biochar is a soil amendment that is proposed to mitigate soil N2O emission by altering soil physical, chemical and biological properties, although the mechanism responsible for N2O reduction in biochar-amended soil is still not known. The aim of this study was to determine if biochar-amended soil resulted in lower soil N2O emissions from denitrification and whether changes in soil chemistry could explain the biochar effect on denitrification. Two experiments were conducted to measure denitrification in soils under controlled laboratory conditions. The first experiment with a sandy loam soil (topsoil and subsoil layers) evaluated actual (N2O only) and potential N2O (N2O + N2) production after 6 h of incubation, with or without acetylene blocking at 80% water filled pore space (WFPS). The highest biochar treatment (30 g kg-1 soil) reduced actual and potential N2O production in topsoil by 80% and 88%, respectively. A supplemental nitrate (NO3-) addition did not reverse the biochar-induced effect, indicating that the reduction in N2O production was not due to adsorption of inorganic N by biochar. In the next experiment, soil moisture was adjusted to 90% WFPS and the effect of biochar on basal (without supplemental C and N) and potential (with supplemental C and N) denitrification rates in the topsoil layer from sandy and loamy soils were determined. The change in soil pH after the addition of biochar was measured. The results showed that sandy soil did not favor denitrification and the denitrification rate was not affected by the biochar amendment; however, the biochar amendment significantly (p

Download or read book Biochar for Environmental Management written by Johannes Lehmann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-05-16 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biochar is the carbon-rich product when biomass (such as wood, manure or crop residues) is heated in a closed container with little or no available air. It can be used to improve agriculture and the environment in several ways, and its stability in soil and superior nutrient-retention properties make it an ideal soil amendment to increase crop yields. In addition to this, biochar sequestration, in combination with sustainable biomass production, can be carbon-negative and therefore used to actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, with major implications for mitigation of climate change. Biochar production can also be combined with bioenergy production through the use of the gases that are given off in the pyrolysis process. This book is the first to synthesize the expanding research literature on this topic. The book's interdisciplinary approach, which covers engineering, environmental sciences, agricultural sciences, economics and policy, is a vital tool at this stage of biochar technology development. This comprehensive overview of current knowledge will be of interest to advanced students, researchers and professionals in a wide range of disciplines.

Download or read book Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Response to Physical and Chemical Properties of Biochar Amended Soils written by Elizabeth Claire Verhoeven and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here we present a two year study examining the impact of a high temperature (~950 °C) walnut shell (WS) and moderate temperature (~550 °C) pine chip (PC) biochar, applied at 10 Mg ha−1, on soil N2O emissions and fertility. Soil gas fluxes were measured daily following key management and precipitation events and otherwise, weekly, with all analyses performed at two functional locations, the berm (directly below the vines) and the row (space between vine rows). This is the first study to report annual gas emissions. Differences in cumulative N2O emissions were not significantly different in the first year, however in the second year; cumulative N2O emissions were significantly higher in the PC biochar treatment, relative to the control and WS biochar treatment, with emissions of 4.94, 2.37, 1.81 kg N2O-N ha−1 year−1, respectively. Proximal N2O drivers; NH4, NO3−, water filled pore space (WFPS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and pH were measured in conjunction with soil gas fluxes. In the berm, N2O emissions positively correlated with NH4+ concentrations for all treatments, however only the control significantly correlated with the remaining N2O drivers. At both locations, differences in NH4+, NO3−, WFPS or DOC between treatments were rarely significant and could not explain the differences in N2O emissions. Distal N2O drivers; bulk density, soil aggregation, water retention curves and field capacity measurements were taken every six or 12 months. Increases in soil aggregation, field capacity and cover crop yield were observed in the PC biochar treatment, potentially leading to changes in water and nutrient availability that promoted N2O production. Grape yield was unaffected by biochar amendment. Soil C, K and P concentrations improved following biochar amendment, but correlated with initial biochar concentrations. Our results question the validity and capacity of biochar to ameliorate temperate soils and reduce N2O emissions, and warrants further investigation.

Download or read book Vermiculture Technology written by Clive A. Edwards and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-12-20 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring the dramatic growth and changes in the field of vermicomposting since 1988, this comprehensive review assesses the advancements made in government-funded projects in the U.S. and UK. It discusses outdoor and indoor windrows, container systems, wedge systems, and low labor-requirements. It also examines fully-automated continuous flow vermicomposting reactor systems that can process more than 1000 tons of organic wastes per reactor. The book highlights the science and biology behind the use and efficacy of vermicomposting and details the technology of the past, present, and future.

Download or read book Biochar Application written by T. Komang Ralebitso-Senior and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-05-07 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biochar Application: Essential Soil Microbial Ecology outlines the cutting-edge research on the interactions of complex microbial populations and their functional, structural, and compositional dynamics, as well as the microbial ecology of biochar application to soil, the use of different phyto-chemical analyses, possibilities for future research, and recommendations for climate change policy. Biochar, or charcoal produced from plant matter and applied to soil, has become increasingly recognized as having the potential to address multiple contemporary concerns, such as agricultural productivity and contaminated ecosystem amelioration, primarily by removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and improving soil functions. Biochar Application is the first reference to offer a complete assessment of the various impacts of biochar on soil and ecosystems, and includes chapters analyzing all aspects of biochar technology and application to soil, from ecogenomic analyses and application ratios to nutrient cycling and next generation sequencing. Written by a team of international authors with interdisciplinary knowledge of biochar, this reference will provide a platform where collaborating teams can find a common resource to establish outcomes and identify future research needs throughout the world. Includes multiple tables and figures per chapter to aid in analysis and understanding Includes a comprehensive table of the methods used within the contents, ecosystems, contaminants, future research, and application opportunities explored in the book Includes knowledge gaps and directions of future research to stimulate further discussion in the field and in climate change policy Outlines the latest research on the interactions of complex microbial populations and their functional, structural, and compositional dynamics Offers an assessment of the impacts of biochar on soil and ecosystems

Download or read book Applications of Biochar for Environmental Safety written by Ahmed Abdelhafez and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-07-22 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biochar is a carbon-rich material produced from the pyrolysis of organic materials from agricultural and forestry biomass at a relatively low temperature in the absence of oxygen. As such, it has potential for solving many agricultural and environmental problems.This book is divided into five sections: “Introduction,” “Production and Legislation of Biochar,” “Applications of Biochar for Soil Fertility Improvement,” “Role of Biochar for Soil Remediation and Ameliorating Salinity Effects” and “Applications of Biochar for Water Treatment.” Chapters address topics such as the pros and cons of biochar, its production, and its role in remediating and treating contaminated soils and water.

Download or read book Biochar and Organic Amendments Effects on Vineyard Scale Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Nitrous Oxide Producing Pathways written by Nicole Dawn Niehues and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapter 1: Biochar, compost, and cover crops in vineyard soils have the potential to sequester carbon in perennial agroecosystems, however, there have been conflicting studies on the effects these treatments have on nitrous oxide emissions and soil nitrogen status. Our study took place in a research vineyard in Napa Valley: we monitored N2O, CO2, and CH4 emissions, as well as inorganic N pools of conventionally tilled "controls" and controls amended with compost or cover crops, each with or without biochar. We also calculated an estimated total belowground carbon allocation (TBCA) to determine the efficacy of each treatment at sequestering carbon. We observed no difference in greenhouse gas emissions between any of the treatments on a yearly scale; however, we did observe significantly more N2O flux for conventional plus biochar soils on an event scale. Compost plus biochar amended soils did significantly increase NO3- pools compared to compost only and conventional treatments. Compost plus biochar treatments also had the highest TBCA of any other treatment. We suggest that compost plus biochar amendments could provide greater net carbon sequestration and increased inorganic N pools in vineyard soils compared to other organic fertilization practices while having little effect on greenhouse gas emissions. Chapter 2: Biochar and compost amendments to soil are proposed strategies to increase soil carbon storage and improve inorganic N status in agricultural soils of orchards and vineyards. This study was conducted to increase understanding of biochar, compost, and biochar plus compost interactions on nitrification and denitrification activities, and to help develop a mechanistic basis for differences observed in inorganic N pools in a Mediterranean climate production vineyard. A secondary goal was to use this information to make inferences about long term N retention potential of biochar and compost soil treatments. Using a microcosm incubation, we employed the acetylene gas (C2H2) inhibition technique by exposing conventionally managed soils (controls), biochar amended soil (1.2% w/w soil, to 10cm depth), compost amended soil (1.6% w/w soil, to 10cm depth), and biochar plus compost soil (1.2 % biochar + 1.6% compost w/w soil, to 10cm depth) to 0 or 0.1% C2H2 by volume headspace. Cumulative N2O and CO2 emissions, extractable inorganic N (NH4+ and NO3−) and pH were measured. Biochar addition reduced nitrification in controls, but enhanced it when amended to compost treated soils. It was noted that denitrification was the primary N2O producing pathway for both biochar only and compost only treatments. Increased nitrification seen in compost plus biochar soils could be causal for observed higher NO3− pools compared to compost alone treatment in the field.

Download or read book Integrated Nutrient Management Soil Fertility and Sustainable Agriculture Current Issues and Future Challenges written by Peter Gruhn, Francesco Goletti, and Montague Yudelman and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2000 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biochar Amendment for Enhanced Nitrogen Use Soil Health and Plant Growth written by Xiuwen Li and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biochar is considered as a soil amendment to improve the resilience and productivity of agricultural systems. In particular, co-application of biochar and nitrogen (N) fertilizer has the potential to reduce N losses compared to applying synthetic N alone. However, the positive effects of biochar amendment are tightly linked to several factors. Our overall objective was to determine the effect of biochar types, application methods, and biochar rate on soil health, especially on soil N dynamics, and forage production through bench - and field-scale experiments. A 60-day bench-scale experiment was conducted to study the effect of amending soil with the two types of biochar using two application methods on soil N transformation. This experiment consisted of four treatments (control, 150 mg N kg−1 biochar, 150 mg N kg−1 urea, 75 mg N kg−1 urea + 75 mg N kg−1 biochar) with two application methods (surface application and incorporation). When biochar and urea were co-applied, biochar with higher cation exchange capacity inhibited nitrification and biochar with higher ash content reduced nitrous oxide (N2O) emission compared to urea alone. Biochar applied on soil surface increased 47% mineral N concentration and reduced 20% N2O emission compared to biochar mixed with soil. A two-year field experiment was conducted in a pasture system in Middle Tennessee to determine the effect of biochar rates (0 to 22.5 Mg ha−1) on forage production and soil properties. Biochar was surface applied in April 2017. Soil samples were collected from 0-15 cm depth biannually beginning June 2017 and plant harvest was done in May 2017 and 2018. Results showed that >18 Mg ha−1 biochar rate significantly affected soil properties and 9 Mg ha-1 was the most profitable rate based on the cost-benefit analysis. Also, biochar addition reduced 38-53% soil mineral N within six months while increased 16-22% soil organic carbon and 12-21% extractable phosphorus within two years compared to no biochar addition. Biochar did not increase forage yield but increased plant potassium uptake by 16-26% in 2017. In conclusion, biochar exhibited positive impacts on soil quality, but these effects were influenced by biochar characteristics, application method, and biochar rates.

Download or read book Biochar from Biomass and Waste written by Yong Sik Ok and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-02 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biochar from Biomass and Waste: Fundamentals and Applications provides the fundamentals of biochar, such as its basic concepts, production technology and characterization methods, also including comprehensive examples for readers. This book includes information on state-of-art biochar application technologies in the fields of agriculture, energy and environmental sciences with step-by-step case studies. Biochar has received worldwide interests in the past decade because it encompasses high priority research areas, including bioenergy production, global warming mitigation and sustainable agriculture. Offers comprehensive coverage of biochar production, characterization and modification methods Provides global case studies covering a wide range of application fields, including environmental, agricultural, syngas and bio-oil Covers the sustainability and future of biochar

Download or read book Biochar written by Vikas Abrol and published by . This book was released on 2019-10-09 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biochar in European Soils and Agriculture written by Simon Shackley and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-02-22 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This user-friendly book introduces biochar to potential users in the professional sphere. It de-mystifies the scientific, engineering and managerial issues surrounding biochar for the benefit of audiences including policy makers, landowners and farmers, land use, agricultural and environmental managers and consultants, industry and lobby groups and NGOs. The book reviews state-of-the-art knowledge in an approachable way for the non-scientist, covering all aspects of biochar production, soil science, agriculture, environmental impacts, economics, law and regulation and climate change policy. Chapters provide ‘hands-on’ practical information, including how to evaluate biochar and understand what it is doing when added to the soil, how to combine biochar with other soil amendments (such as manure and composts) to achieve desired outcomes, and how to ensure safe and effective use. The authors also present research findings from the first coordinated European biochar field trial and summarize European field trial data. Explanatory boxes, infographics and concise summaries of key concepts are included throughout to make the subject more understandable and approachable.

Download or read book Biochar Systems for Smallholders in Developing Countries written by Sebastian B. Scholz and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2014-06-23 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report offers a review of what is known about opportunities and risks of biochar systems in developing countries. Its aim is to fill in critical knowledge gaps between the biochar research community and development practicioners on the ground.

Download or read book Agricultural and Environmental Applications of Biochar written by Mingxin Guo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural and Environmental Applications of Biochar: Advances and Barriers: Over the past decade, biochar has been intensively studied by agricultural and environmental scientists and applied as a soil quality enhancer and environmental ameliorator in various trials worldwide. This book, with 21 chapters by 57 accomplished international researchers, reports on the recent advances of biochar research and the global status of biochar application. Scientific findings, uncertainties, and barriers to practice of biochar amendment for sustaining soil fertility, improving crop production, promoting animal performance, remediating water and land, and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions are synthesized. The book presents a whole picture of biochar in its production, characterization, application, and development. Agricultural and Environmental Applications of Biochar: Advances and Barrier highlights the mechanisms and processes of biochar amendment for achieving stunning agricultural and environmental benefits. Composition and characteristics of biochar, its interactions with contaminants and soil constituents, and its transformation in the environment are illustrated to enlighten the achievements of biochar amendment in improving soil physical, chemical, and biological quality and animal health, reducing soil greenhouse gas emissions, and decontaminating stormwater and mine sites. Additional emphasis is given to the pyrogenic carbon in Terra Preta soils and Japanese Andosols, the pyrolysis technology for converting agricultural byproducts to biochar, and the existing economic and technical barriers to wide application of biochar in Australia, China, New Zealand, North America, and Europe. Readers will appreciate the comprehensive review on the up-to-date biochar research and application and gain critical guidance in best biochar generation and utilization.

Download or read book Soil Amendments for Sustainability written by Amitava Rakshit and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the pros and cons of amendment materials to restore the functioning of soil resources. It presents a holistic overview on affected land revitalization, clean up and revegetation using these amendments that could be implemented in the long term management of the soil-plant-atmosphereanimal continuum.

Download or read book Environmental Chemistry and Recent Pollution Control Approaches written by Hugo Saldarriaga-Noreña and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-12-18 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, there have been significant advances in the techniques of sampling and analysis, which has allowed the more accurate recording of environmental levels of many substances present in the environment. At the same time, processes for the remediation of contaminated matrices have evolved, through the application and/or combination of biological, physical, and chemical procedures.The purpose of this book is to present new studies aimed at determining levels of environmental pollution in various parts of the world. It also shows new alternatives for the remediation of contaminated matrices.

Download or read book Nitrogen in Agriculture written by Takuji Ohyama and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-09-29 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen is the most important nutrient in agricultural practice because the availability of nitrogen from the soil is generally not enough to support crop yields. To maintain soil fertility, the application of organic matters and crop rotation have been practiced. Farmers can use convenient chemical nitrogen fertilizers to obtain high crop yields. However, the inappropriate use of nitrogen fertilizers causes environmental problems such as nitrate leaching, contamination in groundwater, and the emission of N2O gas. This book is divided into the following four sections: “Ecology and Environmental Aspects of Nitrogen in Agriculture”, “Nitrogen Fertilizers and Nitrogen Management in Agriculture”, “N Utilization and Metabolism in Crops”, “Plant-Microbe Interactions”.