Download or read book Effect of a Direct fed Microbial on Feedlot Performance Carcass Characteristics and Prevalence of Salmonella in Fed beef Heifers written by Lauren Marie Mayer and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salmonella is a naturally occurring bacteria that is known to cause upwards of 1.35 million cases of foodborne illnesses annually. Ground beef products may be manufactured from trimmings containing Salmonella infected lymph nodes, which has led to pending rulemaking by USDA-Food Safety and Inspection Service to declare Salmonella as an adulterant. Direct-fed microbials are a pre-harvest intervention for reduction of Salmonella. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of a direct-fed microbial upon the prevalence and enumeration of Salmonella in feces and lymph nodes. Heifers (n=1,394; 291 ± 9.9 kg) were blocked by day of arrival and randomly allocated to one of two treatments (0 or 2g/animal/d; CON and 10-G, respectively) with ten pens per treatment. Heifers fed 10-G were provided 1 billion CFUs per animal per day of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecium, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum. Twenty-four animals were randomly selected from each pen for Salmonella sampling. Rectoanal mucosal swab samples (RAMs) were obtained at initial processing and harvest; subiliac lymph nodes were collected at harvest. In addition, pen surface fecal pats were collected and composited by pen (10 pats per composite, 5 composites per pen) on days 0, 52, 120 and 170. Mixed models were used to analyze live performance, carcass characteristics and Salmonella prevalence and concentration with treatment used as fixed effect, block used as random effect and pen as experimental unit. Repeated measures was used to analyze Salmonella prevalence and concentration across time using the unstructured covariance structure. Dry matter intake (P = 0.63), average daily gain (P = 0.69), gain:feed (P = 0.81) and final body weight (P = 0.79) did not differ between treatments. Neither morbidity (P = 0.90) nor mortality and railer rates (P = 0.55) were different between treatments. Hot carcass weight (P = 0.14), dressed carcass yield (P = 0.53), 12th rib fat depth (P = 0.73), ribeye area (P = 0.13), calculated empty body fat (P = 0.71) or marbling score (P = 0.20) were not different between treatments. Yield grade distributions did not differ between treatments (P ≥ 0.44), however cattle fed 10-G tended (P = 0.06; 15.78 vs 20.34%) to be represented by fewer USDA Select carcasses and more (P = 0.09; 73.62 vs 77.97%) USDA Choice carcasses. Livers from cattle fed 10-G tended (P = 0.10; 12.26 vs 9.23%) to have a lower frequency of abscesses when compared to CON. Heifers fed 10-G also had fewer (P = 0.04; 5.27 vs 8.51%) severe liver abscesses. Salmonella prevalence of RAMs did not differ between treatments at initial processing (P = 0.92; CON = 11.6%, 10-G = 11.5%) or at harvest (P = 0.92; CON = 99.0%, 10-G = 98.6%), however RAMs differed (P

Download or read book The Effect of a Direct Fed Microbial 10 G on Live Animal Performance Carcass Characteristics Salmonella Prevalence of Fed Beef Heifers written by Travis Joel Tilton and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salmonella is a major cause of food borne illness in the U.S. as this naturally occurring bacteria causing upwards of 1.35 million cases of foodborne illness annually. Cattle may harbor Salmonella in the gastrointestinal tract (GI) as well as in their lymph nodes and other areas of the animal body. This creates a challenge because lymph nodes are impervious to post-harvest pathogen interventions, thus leading to potential contamination in ground beef production. Direct-fed microbials are a possible pre-harvest intervention to reduce the burden of Salmonella. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of the direct-fed microbial 10-G upon cattle and carcass performance, as well as prevalence and enumeration of Salmonella in feces and lymph nodes. Fed beef heifers (n = 1,400; 343.3 ± 36.2 kg) were blocked by day of arrival and randomly allocated to one of two treatments (0 or 2g/animal/d; CON and 10-G, respectively) with ten pens per treatment. Pen served as the experimental unit. Cattle fed 10-G were provided 1 billion CFUs per animal per day of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecium, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum. Recto-anal mucosal swab samples (RAMS) and subiliac lymph nodes (SLN) were collected longitudinally at harvest from twenty-four heifers per pen (n = 476). Quantification of RAMS and SLN's were completed via BAX® Salmonella PCR assay following the SalQuantTM approach. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS; pen served as the experimental unit and block and harvest date were random effects. Heifers fed 10-G did not differ in dry matter intake (P = 0.78), final body weight (P = 0.52), average daily gain (P = 0.49), gain to feed (P = 0.74), hot carcass weight (P = 0.56), dressed carcass yield (P = 0.83), 12th rib fat depth (P = 0.23), ribeye area (P = 0.62), calculated empty body fat (P = 0.35), or marbling score (P = 0.83). Distributions of liver scores (P > 0.14), yield grade (P > 0.22), and quality grade (P > 0.15) were not different between treatments. We detected a tendency for fewer inflated lungs at harvest of cattle fed 10-G (P = 0.10; 10-G 0.2%, CON 1.0%); other lung outcomes did not differ (P > 0.12). Salmonella prevalence of RAMS samples did not differ (P = 0.76; 10-G 93.7%, CON 93.3%) nor did SLN (P = 0.12; 10-G 22.7%, CON 12.2%). Salmonella log of CFU/g of RAMS and SLN did not differ between treatments at harvest (P = 0.49; 10-G 3.78, CON 3.37; P = 0.12; 10-G 0.35, CON 0.08), respectively. These results do not demonstrate any improvement live animal performance, carcass characteristics or reduction in Salmonella for heifers fed 10-G.

Download or read book Direct Fed Microbials and Prebiotics for Animals written by Todd R. Callaway and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-23 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The practice of supplementing direct fed microbial and prebiotic additives to domestic animals during growth is becoming more widespread in food animal production. Beneficial effects particularly in cattle, pigs and poultry, including improved general health, foodborne pathogen reduction, more efficient food utilization, faster growth rate and increased milk and egg production are common results. The success associated with direct fed microbial and prebiotic applications in multiple species ensures their continued commercialization and the widespread use of such additives. However, several fundamental questions remain about how and why probiotic products work, and which kind of probiotic products are best for specific production scenarios. It appears that early establishment and retention of an ecological balance in the gastrointestinal tract is an important first step for an external biological additive to be effective in young animals. Therefore, it is possible that the effectiveness of direct fed microbials and prebiotics in some animal species may only be an indirect consequence of speeding up the establishment and succession of the dominant microflora characteristic of the adult gastrointestinal tract. Consequently, an understanding of the key processes during establishment of microflora in the gastrointestinal system that lead to the subsequent fermentation characteristics and ecological balance exhibited by the highly protective microflora is needed. Several additional areas of future research directions are also suggested for further development and implementation of these biological approaches as new molecular and drug delivery technologies become available. Continued research on direct fed microbials and prebiotics in general should markedly expand their commercial applications.

Download or read book Effect of Direct fed Microbial on Fecal Shedding of Escherichia Coli 0157 H7 and Salmonella in Naturally Infected Feedlot Cattle written by Ebot Sahidu Tabe and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Zoonotic Pathogens in the Food Chain written by Denis O. Krause and published by CABI. This book was released on 2011 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with their sources, including manure and animal feed, and detailing their development, spread and transmission to humans, Zoonotic Pathogens in the Food Chain gives an insightful introduction to and epidemiological overview of the problems raised by zoonotic pathogens. The authors specifically examine the attributes of microorganisms that allow potential contamination of food sources and the factors in modern animal production processes that contribute to the risk of infection. Chapters discuss in detail pathogens that have recently emerged as important sources of infection, investigating in depth the implications of avian flu, swine flu, bovine spongiform encephalopathies and Johne's disease for human consumers, and considering where potential mitigation strategies should be focused. With a focus on new trends in animal production, such as organic livestock farming and raw milk consumption, this text provides an interesting and up-to-date reference for researchers, academics and those with an interest in pathology working in the livestock industry.

Download or read book Epidemiology of Salmonella and E Coli O157 in Beef Cattle Production Systems written by Charles C. Dodd and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157 are important causes of foodborne illness in humans and have been associated with the consumption of undercooked, contaminated beef. Individual feedlot cattle may shed these organisms in their feces and subsequently contaminate cattle hides and carcasses at harvest. Preharvest and harvest interventions may significantly decrease the risk of beef contamination and subsequent risk of human illness. Previous research suggests that preharvest interventions for Salmonella or E. coli O157 may compliment harvest interventions and reduce the risk of carcass contamination. In my research, I used diverse study designs to develop a better understanding of the epidemiology of Salmonella and E. coli O157 and evaluate the impact of specific preharvest interventions in commercial feedlot cattle. A randomized controlled trial indicated that a commercially available vaccine did not affect the fecal prevalence of Salmonella, or health and performance of cohorts of feedlot cattle. However, the fecal prevalence of Salmonella varied by cohort, suggesting cattle source as a risk factor. In a repeated cross-sectional study, the fecal prevalence of Salmonella in cattle at feedlot arrival was not associated with the prevalence immediately prior to harvest, yet specific Salmonella subtypes, as defined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), persisted throughout the feeding period. Another of my studies defined and compared PFGE subtypes of E. coli O157 isolated from cattle feces and carcass samples at harvest to determine relationships between fecal shedding and carcass contamination. Truckload appeared to be an important factor, and feces from cattle shedding both high- and low-concentrations of E. coli O157 posed a risk for carcass contamination. A stochastic Monte-Carlo modeling framework was later used to assess the impact of seasonal fecal prevalence and combinations of preharvest interventions on the risk of carcass contamination with E. coli O157. Results indicated that it may be important to incorporate multiple preharvest interventions, especially during periods of high fecal prevalence of E. coli O157. Overall, the research described in this dissertation demonstrates that multiple risk factors and interventions at the cohort level must be considered in order to mitigate the risks associated with Salmonella and E. coli O157 in beef production systems.

Download or read book The Effects on Human Health of Subtherapeutic Use of Antimicrobials in Animal Feeds written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1980-02-01 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microbiologically Safe Foods written by Norma L. Heredia and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-01 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on state of the art technologies to produce microbiologically safe foods for our global dinner table. Each chapter summarizes the most recent scientific advances, particularly with respect to food processing, pre- and post-harvest food safety, quality control, and regulatory information. The book begins with a general discussion of microbial hazards and their public health ramifications. It then moves on to survey the production processes of different food types, including dairy, eggs, beef, poultry, and fruits and vegetables, pinpointing potential sources of human foodborne diseases. The authors address the growing market in processed foods as well novel interventions such as innovative food packaging and technologies to reduce spoilage organisms and prolong shelf life. Each chapter also describes the ormal flora of raw product, spoilage issues, pathogens of concern, sources of contamination, factors that influence survival and growth of pathogens and spoilage organisms, indicator microorganisms, approaches to maintaining product quailty and reducing harmful microbial populations, microbial standards for end-product testing, conventional microbiological and molecular methods, and regulatory issues. Other important topics include the safety of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), predictive microbiology, emerging foodborne pathogens, good agricultural and manufacturing processes, avian influenza, and bioterrorism.

Download or read book Nutrients in Dairy and Their Implications for Health and Disease written by Ronald Ross Watson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-06-19 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrients in Dairy and Their Implications for Health and Disease addresses various dairy products and their impact on health. This comprehensive book is divided into three sections and presents a balanced overview of the health benefits of milk and milk products. Summaries capture the most salient points of each chapter, and the importance of milk and its products as functional foods is addressed throughout. - Presents various dairy products and their impact on health - Provides information on dairy milk as an important source of micro-and macronutrients that impact body functions - Addresses dietary supplements and their incorporation into dairy products

Download or read book Effects of Feeding Direct fed Microbials and Prebiotics on Receiving Calf Performance Health and Fecal Shedding of Pathogens written by Michael D. Abney and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Feedlot Heifers Fed Poultry Blood Meal written by Brandon Heath Heiser and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Dietary Crude Protein and Energy Concentration on Performance Carcass Characteristics and Carcass Chemical Composition in Feedlot Cattle Fed to Achieve Step wise Increases in Rate of Gain written by Johnny E. Rossi and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Food Safety written by Steven Ricke and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-07-08 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food Safety: Emerging Issues, Technologies and Systems offers a systems approach to learning how to understand and address some of the major complex issues that have emerged in the food industry. The book is broad in coverage and provides a foundation for a practical understanding in food safety initiatives and safety rules, how to deal with whole-chain traceability issues, handling complex computer systems and data, foodborne pathogen detection, production and processing compliance issues, safety education, and more. Recent scientific industry developments are written by experts in the field and explained in a manner to improve awareness, education and communication of these issues. - Examines effective control measures and molecular techniques for understanding specific pathogens - Presents GFSI implementation concepts and issues to aid in implementation - Demonstrates how operation processes can achieve a specific level of microbial reduction in food - Offers tools for validating microbial data collected during processing to reduce or eliminate microorganisms in foods

Download or read book Nutrition and Management Strategies for Confinement Fed Cattle written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three experiments were conducted to examine nutritional and management strategies for different segments of the beef industry. The first experiment examined the effects of feeding traditional step-up diets (STEP) vs. limit-feeding (LIMIT) the finishing diet to adapt cattle to high-concentrate diets. When all cattle reached ad libitum intake of the finishing diet there was a trend (P = 0.09) for DMI to be different between treatments. During week 1, STEP cattle had higher total VFA concentrations (P = 0.02), while LIMIT cattle had higher valerate absorption (P = 0.02) and disappearance (P = 0.08). During week 4, LIMIT cattle had higher total VFA concentrations (P = 0.03) and lower valerate disappearance and absorption (P = 0.05) than STEP cattle. These results indicate that limit-feeding the finishing diet may inhibit nutrient absorption from the rumen or this method may cause increased production of valerate by lactate utilizing bacteria due to a more acidotic rumen environment. The second experiment examined the effects of feeding 5% (DM basis) dried, full-fat corn germ (GERM) on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of naturally raised yearling steers and heifers. Carcass-adjusted ADG was higher for GERM cattle (P = 0.04). There were no other differences in performance or carcass characteristics. Total incidence of liver abscesses and the incidence of severe liver abscesses were decreased by 12 and 8.2% (P = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively) when GERM was added to the diet. Corn germ can be added to finishing diets at 5% without affecting performance and carcass characteristics. Producers raising natural cattle may also be able to benefit from the reduced incidence of liver abscesses. The third experiment examined concurrent metaphylactic treatment of high-risk calves with tulathromycin and chlortetracycline. Calves were placed on 1 of 3 treatments: 1) no top-dress pellets; 2) diet top-dressed with pellets containing chlortetracycline; or 3) diet top-dressed with pellets containing no chlortetracycline. There were no differences in the performance or health of these calves (P> 0.25). There are no additive benefits of concurrent metaphylaxis using both tulathromycin and chlortetracycline. This information could assist producers when designing receiving health protocols for high-risk calves.

Download or read book The Effects of Feeding Dry Distiller s Grains with Solubles on Ruminal Metabolism Growth Performance and Carcass Traits of Feedlot Cattle written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three trials were conducted using dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDGS) to evaluate effects on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, ruminal fermentation, and diet digestibility in cattle fed steam-flaked corn-based diets. In trial 1, crossbred yearling heifers were used in a finishing trial to evaluate interactions between corn-DDGS feeding levels and roughage source (alfalfa hay vs corn silage) in terms of impact on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. Experimental diets were based on steam-flaked corn and contained 0% DDGS with 6% alfalfa hay (AH), 0% DDGS with 10% corn silage (CS), 25% DDGS with 6% AH, or 25% DDGS with 10% CS (DM basis). Results indicated no interaction between levels of DDGS and roughage source. Heifers fed DDGS as a partial replacement for steam-flaked corn had similar growth performance and carcass merit compared to heifers fed diets without DDGS. Corn silage and alfalfa hay were comparable roughages when a portion of steam-flaked corn was replaced with DDGS. The second trial was a companion metabolism study in which ruminal fermentation characteristics and diet digestibility were examined in 12 cannulated Holstein steers fed steam-flaked corn finishing diets with or without DDGS, using alfalfa hay or corn silage as roughage sources. Diets were similar to those fed in the performance study and consisted of steam-flaked corn with 0 or 25% DDGS (DM basis) and 6% AH or 10% CS (DM basis). Feeding DDGS decreased ruminal pH and ruminal ammonia concentrations, and digestion of DM and OM were less compared to diets without DDGS. The decrease in digestibility was largely attributable to poorer digestion of CP and, to a lesser extent, a reduction in starch digestion. The third study was designed to investigate effects of pH (5.0, 5.5, and 6.0) on in vitro fermentative activity by ruminal microorganisms from cattle adapted to a finishing diet containing 25% DDGS (DM basis). Higher pH led to greater dry matter disappearance in vitro (P

Download or read book Antimicrobial Resistance in food producing environment a One Health approach written by Kebede Amenu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-08-06 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One Health is an integrated, unifying approach that aims to sustainably balance and optimize the health of people, animals and ecosystems. It recognizes the health of humans, domestic and wild animals, plants, and the wider environment (including ecosystems) are closely linked and inter-dependent. The approach mobilizes multiple sectors, disciplines and communities at varying levels of society to work together to foster well-being and tackle threats to health and ecosystems, while addressing the collective need for clean water, energy and air, safe and nutritious food, taking action on climate changes and contributing to sustainable development." FAO, OIE, WHO, UNEP

Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: