Download or read book ECR Ion Source with Electron Gun written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Advanced Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source (10) having an electron gun (52) for introducing electrons into the plasma chamber (18) of the ion source (10). The ion source (10) has a injection enclosure (12) and a plasma chamber tank (14). The plasma chamber (18) is defined by a plurality of longitudinal magnets (16). The electron gun (52) injects electrons axially into the plasma chamber (18) such that ionization within the plasma chamber (18) occurs in the presence of the additional electrons produced by the electron gun (52). The electron gun (52) has a cathode (116) for emitting electrons therefrom which is heated by current supplied from an AC power supply (96) while bias potential is provided by a bias power supply (118). A concentric inner conductor (60) and Outer conductor (62) carry heating current to a carbon chuck (104) and carbon pusher (114) Which hold the cathode (116) in place and also heat the cathode (16). In the Advanced Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source (10), the electron gun (52) replaces the conventional first stage used in prior art electron cyclotron resonance ion generators.
Download or read book Electron Impact Ion Sources for Charged Heavy Ions written by Grigory D. Shirkov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides a comprehensive guide to the construction, operation, diagnostics, and applications of electron impact ion sources for the production of highly charged ions. Beside the treatment of elementary processes and ion storage in electron impact ion sources, characteristic diagnostic methods for these sources are described which are related to plasma diagnostics. Related to atomic and solid state physics the use of electron impact ion sources is discussed. Diese Monographie behandelt den Aufbau, den Betrieb, die Diagnostik und Anwendungen von Elektronenstoß-Ionenquellen zur Erzeugung hochgeladener Ionen. Neben der Behandlung von Basisprozessen in den Quellen erfolgt eine umfangreiche Beschreibung von Diagnostikmethoden mit Relevanz zur Ionenquellen- und Plasmadiagnostik.
Download or read book Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources and ECR Plasmas written by R Geller and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-13 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acknowledged as the "founding father" of and world renowned expert on electron cyclotron resonance sources Richard Geller has produced a unique book devoted to the physics and technicalities of electron cyclotron resonance sources. Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources and ECR Plasmas provides a primer on electron cyclotron phenomena in ion sour
Download or read book Handbook of Ion Sources written by Bernhard Wolf and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Ion Sources delivers the data needed for daily work with ion sources. It also gives information for the selection of a suitable ion source and ion production method for a specific application. The Handbook concentrates on practical aspects and introduces the principle function of ion sources. The basic plasma parameters are defined and discussed. The working principles of various ion sources are explained, and examples of each type of ion source are presented with their operational data. Tables of ion current for various elements and charge states summarize the performance of different ion sources. The problems related to the production of ions of non-gaseous elements are detailed, and data on useful materials for evaporation and ion source construction are summarized. Additional chapters are dedicated to extraction and beam formation, ion beam diagnosis, ion source electronics, and computer codes for extraction, acceleration, and beam transport. Emittance and brilliance are described and space charge effects and neutralization discussed. Various methods for the measurement of current, profile, emittance, and time structure are presented and compared. Intensity limits for these methods are provided for different ion energies. Typical problems related to the operation of ion source plasmas are discussed and practical examples of circuits are given. The influence of high voltage on ion source electronics and possibilities for circuit protection are covered. The generation of microwaves and various microwave equipment are described and special problems related to microwave operation are summarized. The Handbook of Ion Sources is a valuable reference on the subject, of benefit to practitioners and graduate students interested in accelerators, ion implantation, and ion beam techniques.
Download or read book Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Electronic Beam Ion Sources and Their Applications Stockholm Sweden June 20 23 1994 written by L. Liljeby and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Physics and Technology of Ion Sources written by Ian G. Brown and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of this title has become a well-known reference book on ion sources. The field is evolving constantly and rapidly, calling for a new, up-to-date version of the book. In the second edition of this significant title, editor Ian Brown, himself an authority in the field, compiles yet again articles written by renowned experts covering various aspects of ion source physics and technology. The book contains full chapters on the plasma physics of ion sources, ion beam formation, beam transport, computer modeling, and treats many different specific kinds of ion sources in sufficient detail to serve as a valuable reference text.
Download or read book Recent Developments on ECR Sources at LBL written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After a number of refinements, the stability and ease of tuning of the LBL AECR ion source are greatly improved. Several nuclear science experiments have now used cyclotron ion beams injected by the AECR ion source and have taken advantage of its good short and long term-stability and high performance. Refinements include installation of a dc filament power supply for the electron gun, improved gas flow control.and temperature stabilization of parts of the microwave transmission network. Measurements of the mean plasma potential and plasma potential difference were made on the AECR and the LBL ECR sources. The absolute. mean potentials of plasmas of oxygen, argon, and argon mixed with oxygen in the AECR have been determined. These plasma potentials are positive with respect to the plasma wall and are on the order of a few tens of volts for microwave power up to 600 W and normal operating gas flow. Electrons injected by an electron gun into the AECR plasma reduce the plasma potentials. Beam energy spreads of oxygen, argon and argon mixed with oxygen have also been measured. Measurement of the plasma potential difference between the first and the second stage of the LBL ECR ion source shows that the plasma potential in the first stage is higher than the second stage. Such plasma potential differences range from about 10 to 200 volts depending on the microwave power and density of neutral atoms. With these potential differences, typically of 10 to 40 V at the LBL ECR running conditions, most of the 1+ ions produced by the first stage are probably not be confined by the second state plasma. Thus it appears that the main function of a microwave-driven first stage is to provide electrons to the second stage plasma, as is done with an electron gun in the AECR source.
Download or read book ECR electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source Beams for Accelerator Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reliable, easily operated ion sources are always in demand for accelerator applications. This paper reports on a systematic study of ion-beam characterisrtics and optimization of beam quality for production of light ion beams in an ECR ion source. Of particular interest is the optimization of beam brightness (defined as ion current divided by the square of the emittance), which is typically used as a figure-of-merit for accelerator-quality beams. Other areas to be discussed include the measurement of beam emittance values, the effects of various source parameters on emittances, and scaling effects from operating the same ECR source at different frequencies. 4 refs., 4 figs.
Download or read book An Ultra Compact 10 GHz Electron cyclotron resonance Ion Source ECRIS for the Production of Multiply Charged Ions written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a growing interest in the use of beams of multiply charged ions produced in special environments like high voltage platforms, Dynamitrons, Van-de-Graaff accelerators or on-line production systems for radioactive beam facilities. A compact 10 GHz ECR ion source (200 mm long, 170 mm diameter) has been developed and tested. The complete magnetic structure made from permanent magnet material is comprised of four ring magnets producing an asymmetric axial magnetic field with a mirror ratio of 2.5 and a 24 piece hexapole magnet with a maximum radial field of 0.94 T inside the plasma chamber of 25 mm inner diameter. The coupling of the microwave to the plasma using a resonant transition line from rectangular to circular waveguide shows efficient ECR plasma heating at microwave power levels around 10 watts. Charge state distributions for various elements with intensities up to 320 e[mu]A and their dependence on operation parameters will be presented as well as VUV spectra in the wavelength region down to 15 nm.
Download or read book International Symposium on Electron Beam Ion Sources and Their Applications written by Ady Hershcovitch and published by Springer. This book was released on 1989 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atomic Multielectron Processes written by Viatcheslav Shevelko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomic Multielectron Processes is the first comprehensive collection of the data (mostly cross sections and methods) devoted to the multielectron transitions in atoms and ions induced by single collisions with charged particles and photons. The book covers the fundamental ranges of atomic physics which helps understanding the nature of many particle transitions.
Download or read book Properties of Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma Sources written by Aseem Kumar Srivastava and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Performance of the LBL AECR Source at Various Frequencies written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To study the effects of frequency on an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source, the LBL Advanced ECR ion source (designed to operate at 14 GHz) has been tested at 6.4, 10, and 14 GHz with one plasma chamber (ID = 6.0 cm), a permanent sextuple magnet (''closed sextuple'') with a field strength of 0.84 Tesla at the chamber wall, and no radial vacuum pumping. Pure oxygen was used as the running gas for a fair comparison. The source was tested as a single stage, as well as with cold electron injection using an electron gun in place of a conventional microwave-driven first stage. Higher frequency, with a higher axial magnetic field to ensure a closed ECR zone for electron heating, does give better performance. As demonstrated before, at each frequency electron injection led to about a factor of two increase in the high charge state oxygen beam intensity. The 14 GHz performance of the AECR source with the closed sextuple magnet was compared to the ''slotted sextuple'' (a plasma chamber with radial pumping slots of 7.0-cm dia and a weaker magnet of 0.64 Tesla at the chamber wall). Results show that a stronger sextuple magnet alone does not automatically improve the source performance.
Download or read book Perturbative Measurements of Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source Plasmas written by Derek Elwin Neben and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heavy ion accelerators are a valuable resource for the nuclear science community to study atomic physics. One such heavy ion accelerator is the Coupled Cyclotron Facility (CCF) at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) which relies on Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion sources to provide the primary beam to the target. ECR ion sources are essential for the efficient operation of research accelerators such as the CCF, providing high currents of highly charged ions. Highly charged ion beams increase the efficiency of the accelerators, but require longer confinement times and higher temperature plasmas in the ion sources than is necessary to produce singly charged beams. The need to use high temperature and low density plasmas creates challenges including those relating to plasma stability. ECR ion sources provide a good platform to accept metallic vapor ovens and sputtering probes allowing the CCF to accelerate up to 30 types of beams ranging from oxygen to uranium. Furthermore, ECR ion sources use no filaments or cathodes providing a high degree of reliability for the accelerator facility. As the intensity frontier demands ever rarer isotopes from accelerator facilities, the heavy ion beam intensity must increase [70], which creates new demands from the ion sources.The work presented within this dissertation set out to better understand the mechanism that confines highly charged ions in the ECR plasma. Specifically, it was explored if hot electrons (energy larger than 50 keV) contribute to ion confinement by generating an electrostatic well in the plasma potential [68]. Perturbative measurements of ECR ion sources are presented with the aim to explore ion confinement times: pulsed sputtering (Chapter 4) and amplitude modulation (Chapter 5). Chapter 3 explores the geometry of the sputtering probe with respect to the magnetic field which was crucial to produce reliable pulsed sputtering results on the ECR ion source. Axial pulsed sputtering, which could be conveniently implemented on fully superconducting sources, incorporated a bias disc effect that highly perturbed the plasma. Radial sputtering was emulated by placing a semi-shielded probe along the plasma chamber wall in between the electron loss surfaces.Ion confinement time was characterized through the decay time of the beam current, which is proportional to ion confinement time. Ion beam decay times were measured for different charge states of gold in an oxygen plasma in Chapter 4. Decay time always increased with increasing charge state. Decay time also increased with hot electron temperature for lower frequency operation (13 GHz), but reached an optimized value for higher frequency operation (18 GHz) due to plasma instabilities. Electrostatic confinement of ions appeared to be the most plausible mechanism to explain the observed decay time behaviors. A novel perturbative measurement technique was developed for ECR ion sources using Amplitude Modulation (AM) of microwave power. The AM measurement was originally motivated by whether or not 50~kHz modulation in microwave power (from the microwave source) would be observable in the beam current. A systematic study was organized on the University of Jyvaskyla Physics Department (JYFL) normal conducting ECR ion source in Jyvaskyla Finland. Chapter 5 presents the beam current response to AM on the 14 GHz ECR ion source for different weights of noble gases, magnetic fields, and vacuum pressures. The beam current amplitude generally decayed exponentially for frequencies higher than around 400 Hz with the modulation highly suppressed at 10 kHz.
Download or read book X Ray Radiation of Highly Charged Ions written by Heinrich F. Beyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title is a comprehensive collection of atomic characteristics of highly charged ion sources and elementary processes related to X-ray radiation: energy levels, wavelengths, transition probabilities, cross sections and rate coefficients. Many figures, tables, simple formulas and scaling laws accompany the text wherever possible.
Download or read book Design and Testing of an Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating Ion Source for Use in High Field Compact Superconducting Cyclotrons written by Mark E. Artz and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main goal of this project is to evaluate the feasibility of axial injection of a high brightness beam from an Electron Cyclotron Resonance ion source into a high magnetic field cyclotron. Axial injection from an ion source with high brightness is important to reduce particle losses in the first several turns of acceleration within the cyclotron. Beam brightness is a measure of the beam current and rate of spread of the beam. The ultimate goal in developing an ECR ion source is to enable reduced beam losses along the entire acceleration path from the ion source through the cyclotron, allowing for a high beam current accelerator. Cyclotrons with high beam current have the potential to improve the availability of proton radiation therapy. Proton radiation therapy is a precisely targeted treatment capable of providing an excellent non-invasive treatment option for tumors located deep within tissue. In order to model injection into high field it is necessary to measure the parameters of the beam extracted from the ion source. The two most important beam parameters are emittance and beam current. The emittance of the beam is a measurement of the rate of beam spread along the path of the beam and beam current is a measurement of the energy and quantity of particles within a charged particle beam. This thesis presents the design and analysis of an ECR Ion Source and the instruments used to measure the emittance and beam current. Based on the modeling of the ECR ion source beam and the data gathered during testing, the ECR ion source presented in this thesis has the potential to provide a high brightness beam capable of high field axial injection. Beam simulations provide insight into the performance of the ECR ion source in high magnetic field. Axial beam injection from an external ion source is promising with moderate refinements to the ECR ion source.
