Download or read book Economical Desiging Timber Trestle Bridges Classic Reprint written by A. L. Johnson and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-13 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Economical Desiging Timber Trestle Bridges There are in the United States at least miles of timber trestle representing an expenditure of more than These have to be entirely replaced every nine years, on the average, making an annual expenditure of about which, capitalized at 4 per cent, gives an invested capital of $17 necessary to maintain these structures, consuming annually about feet, B. M., of timber, nearly all of it being in large sizes, very valuable for other purposes. Any economy effected, upon however small a margin it is based, is therefore, when multiplied so enormously, of great benefit not only to the railroad companies but to our national forestry interests. The capital invested in timber structures is greatly in excess (proba bly twice as much) of that invested in structures of iron and steel. Every piece in these latter structures is thoroughly inspected, both chemically and physically, and carefully designed to carry the imposed load. Timber structures, on the other hand, have been designed according to the general principal that the Lord takes care of His own, as the great number of fatalities resulting from failures of these strue tures will attest. Experience is not only a dear teacher, but requires endless time to tell What he knows. That this time has not yet expired is evidenced by the anachronisms of design existing in the present practice. It is a well-known principle that a chain is no stronger than its weakest link, and therefore, having one weak link, it is unnecessary that the others should be any stronger. Yet there are thousands of timber structures throughout this country to-day that have, in some parts, barely sufficient strength to carry their working load (with a factor of safety of only 1 - see table on pages 9 and while other por tions of the same structure have from twenty to thirty times this strength. The engineer who would design an iron structure in such a manner would be the laughing stock of the most ignorant man in the profession. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book Economical Designing of Timber Trestle Bridges Scholar s Choice Edition written by A. L. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2015-02-11 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Download or read book Economical Designing of Timber Trestle Bridges written by A. L. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1896 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Economical Designing of Timber Trestle Bridges written by A. L. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1902 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Economical Designing of Timber Trestle Bridges Primary Source Edition written by A. L. Johnson and published by Nabu Press. This book was released on 2014-03 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.

Download or read book Economical Designing of Timber Trestle Bridges written by A. L. Johnson and published by Palala Press. This book was released on 2015-09 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Download or read book The Economic Design of Timber Trestle Bridges written by Henry Charles Becker and published by . This book was released on 1907 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book ECONOMICAL DESIGNING OF TIMBER written by A. L. Johnson and published by Wentworth Press. This book was released on 2016-08-25 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Download or read book The Design of Highway Bridges of Steel Timber and Concrete Classic Reprint written by Milo Smith Ketchum and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-19 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Design of Highway Bridges of Steel, Timber and Concrete The same size of type page and size of type as are used in the author's Structural Engineers' Handbook are used in this book. The book is divided into four parts and in addition has three appendices. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book Principles of Economy in the Design of Metallic Bridges Classic Reprint written by Charles B. Bender and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-12 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Principles of Economy in the Design of Metallic Bridges As a triumphant example of what the highest branches of the theory of elasticity, essentially the achievement of the genius of French savants, are capable of producing, the work done by the eminent Member of the Institute, Mr. M. G. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book A Treatise on Wooden Trestle Bridges and Their Concrete Substitutes written by Wolcott Cronk Foster and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2016-09-05 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from A Treatise on Wooden Trestle Bridges, and Their Concrete Substitutes: According to the Present Practice on American Railroads IN revising this work it is believed that it has been brought down to the present time. While at first glance it might seem as though the wooden trestle bridge was losing its importance in railroad work, it and its substitutes have in reality been growing in impor tance. Wooden trestles may be gradually disappearing from main lines of heavy traffic, but the increased growth of branch lines or feeders and of trestles at manufacturing plants and for electric railways have probably more than kept pace with its abandonment on main lines. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book Economic Development of Bridge Construction Classic Reprint written by Peter Soo-Hoo and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-10-26 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Economic Development of Bridge Construction The relative merits of the different types of simple railway bridges are well understood, but very little has been written treating the subject directly. As the subject is an important one any bridge engineer should be a master of it. The author feels the necessity of a thorough understanding of this subject for his future career, and takes the Opportunity to study it When good libraries are accessible for compilation. He compiles this work to treat on the general design of railway bridges, and does not expect to deal With detail construction. It would be well to have a study of the relative merits of all the differant types of bridges, but as such a study is exceedingly broad, only the relative merits of simple steel railway bridges are considered. The wora simple is used to include bridges Whose stresses are statically determinate, cantilever bridges excepted, and the word steel is used to mean Bessemer or Open hearth steel which are sometimes called ingot iron. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book A Treatise on Wooden Trestle Bridges written by Wolcott C. Foster and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-02-17 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from A Treatise on Wooden Trestle Bridges: According to the Present Practice on American Railroads Using this as a basis of estimate, the 3030 miles of trestles and bridges in the United States should be distributed as follows. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book A Text Book on Roofs and Bridges written by Mansfield Merriman and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-03-22 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from A Text-Book on Roofs and Bridges: Bridge Design The present edition has been entirely rewritten in order to bring the subject fully up to date, for the changes in bridge design during the past eight years have been remarkable. The rapid increase in live loads on the principal railroads in this country has necessitated an unusually large amount of new construction to replace the old bridges, which were designed for much lighter traffic. The extensive scale on which this work had to be done led to a general revision of specifications and to careful attention to the design of details so as to secure greater stiffness as well as strength in the new structures. These changes include the introduction of some new forms of details; the elimination, as far as practicable, of adjustable members; the entire superseding of wrought iron by steel; the substitution Of riveted trusses for pin-connected trusses in the shorter spans; and increased care in designing the joints so as to reduce the secondary stresses to a minimum. In the descriptions Of the details of plate-girder and truss bridges, introduced in Chapters VI, VIII, and XI, only those are given which may be properly claimed as standard in the best recent practice. Special attention is called to the new feature of carefully selected references to engineering periodi cals where more extended descriptions and applications of various details may be found. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book On Some Common Errors in Iron Bridge Design Classic Reprint written by William Charles Kernot and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-07-27 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from On Some Common Errors in Iron Bridge Design It appeared, therefore, that a criticism of existing bridges would be useful not only to the designer of new structures anxious to avoid the defects of the older ones, but also, and perhaps in an even greater degree, to the man who has received a legacy of imperfect structures from his predecessors, which he is desirous of utilizing as far as possible by judicious repairing and local strengthening, for it is to be noted as a good point of many of our defective bridges that they are like chains, most of the links of which are abundantly strong while occasionally a very weak one is found, which governs the strength of the whole and that thus a comparatively inexpensive local reinforcement may improve the whole structure to a very large and valuable extent. I shall now proceed as briefly as is consistent with clearness to point out what I consider to be the principal errors in structures that have come under my notice, and indicate how their defects may be remedied, if remediable, in existing and avoided in future structures. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book The Design of Highway Bridges of Steel Timber and Concrete written by Milo Smith Ketchum and published by Sagwan Press. This book was released on 2015-08-22 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Download or read book Timber Bridges written by Michael A. Ritter and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Timber's strength, light weight, and energy-absorbing properties furnish features desirable for bridge construction. Timber is capable of supporting short-term overloads without adverse effects. Contrary to popular belief, large wood members provide good fire resistance qualities that meet or exceed those of other materials in severe fire exposures. From an economic standpoint, wood is competitive with other materials on a first-cost basis and shows advantages when life cycle costs are compared. Timber bridges can be constructed in virtually any weather conditions, without detriment to the material. Wood is not damaged by continuous freezing and thawing and resists harmful effects of de-icing agents, which cause deterioration in other bridge materials. Timber bridges do not require special equipment for installation and can normally be constructed without highly skilled labor. They also present a natural and aesthetically pleasing appearance, particularly in natural surroundings. The misconception that wood provides a short service life has plagued timber as a construction material. Although wood is susceptible to decay or insect attack under specific conditions, it is inherently a very durable material when protected from moisture. Many covered bridges built during the 19th century have lasted over 100 years because they were protected from direct exposure to the elements. In modem applications, it is seldom practical or economical to cover bridges; however, the use of wood preservatives has extended the life of wood used in exposed bridge applications. Using modem application techniques and preservative chemicals, wood can now be effectively protected from deterioration for periods of 50 years or longer. In addition, wood treated with preservatives requires little maintenance and no painting. Another misconception about wood as a bridge material is that its use is limited to minor structures of no appreciable size. This belief is probably based on the fact that trees for commercial timber are limited in size and are normally harvested before they reach maximum size. Although tree diameter limits the size of sawn lumber, the advent of glued-laminated timber (glulam) some 40 years ago provided designers with several compensating alternatives. Glulam, which is the most widely used modem timber bridge material, is manufactured by bonding sawn lumber laminations together with waterproof structural adhesives. Thus, glulam members are virtually unlimited in depth, width, and length and can be manufactured in a wide range of shapes. Glulam provides higher design strengths than sawn lumber and provides better utilization of the available timber resource by permitting the manufacture of large wood structural elements from smaller lumber sizes. Technological advances in laminating over the past four decades have further increased the suitability and performance of wood for modern highway bridge applications.