Download or read book Global Economic History A Very Short Introduction written by Robert C. Allen and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-09-15 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why are some countries rich and others poor? In 1500, the income differences were small, but they have grown dramatically since Columbus reached America. Since then, the interplay between geography, globalization, technological change, and economic policy has determined the wealth and poverty of nations. The industrial revolution was Britain's path breaking response to the challenge of globalization. Western Europe and North America joined Britain to form a club of rich nations by pursuing four polices-creating a national market by abolishing internal tariffs and investing in transportation, erecting an external tariff to protect their fledgling industries from British competition, banks to stabilize the currency and mobilize domestic savings for investment, and mass education to prepare people for industrial work. Together these countries pioneered new technologies that have made them ever richer. Before the Industrial Revolution, most of the world's manufacturing was done in Asia, but industries from Casablanca to Canton were destroyed by western competition in the nineteenth century, and Asia was transformed into 'underdeveloped countries' specializing in agriculture. The spread of economic development has been slow since modern technology was invented to fit the needs of rich countries and is ill adapted to the economic and geographical conditions of poor countries. A few countries - Japan, Soviet Russia, South Korea, Taiwan, and perhaps China - have, nonetheless, caught up with the West through creative responses to the technological challenge and with Big Push industrialization that has achieved rapid growth through investment coordination. Whether other countries can emulate the success of East Asia is a challenge for the future. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
Download or read book Collective Courage written by Jessica Gordon Nembhard and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2015-06-13 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Collective Courage, Jessica Gordon Nembhard chronicles African American cooperative business ownership and its place in the movements for Black civil rights and economic equality. Not since W. E. B. Du Bois’s 1907 Economic Co-operation Among Negro Americans has there been a full-length, nationwide study of African American cooperatives. Collective Courage extends that story into the twenty-first century. Many of the players are well known in the history of the African American experience: Du Bois, A. Philip Randolph and the Ladies' Auxiliary to the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, Nannie Helen Burroughs, Fannie Lou Hamer, Ella Jo Baker, George Schuyler and the Young Negroes’ Co-operative League, the Nation of Islam, and the Black Panther Party. Adding the cooperative movement to Black history results in a retelling of the African American experience, with an increased understanding of African American collective economic agency and grassroots economic organizing. To tell the story, Gordon Nembhard uses a variety of newspapers, period magazines, and journals; co-ops’ articles of incorporation, minutes from annual meetings, newsletters, budgets, and income statements; and scholarly books, memoirs, and biographies. These sources reveal the achievements and challenges of Black co-ops, collective economic action, and social entrepreneurship. Gordon Nembhard finds that African Americans, as well as other people of color and low-income people, have benefitted greatly from cooperative ownership and democratic economic participation throughout the nation’s history.
Download or read book Economics Evolving written by Agnar Sandmo and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-01-17 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the history of economic thought, focusing on the development of economic theory from Adam Smith's 'Wealth of Nations' to the late twentieth century. The text concentrates on the most important figures in the history of the economics. The book examines how important economists have reflected on the sometimes conflicting goals of efficient resource use and socially acceptable income distribution.--[book cover].
Download or read book Economic Episodes in American History written by Mark C. Schug and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Corruption and Reform written by Edward L. Glaeser and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite recent corporate scandals, the United States is among the world’s least corrupt nations. But in the nineteenth century, the degree of fraud and corruption in America approached that of today’s most corrupt developing nations, as municipal governments and robber barons alike found new ways to steal from taxpayers and swindle investors. In Corruption and Reform, contributors explore this shadowy period of United States history in search of better methods to fight corruption worldwide today. Contributors to this volume address the measurement and consequences of fraud and corruption and the forces that ultimately led to their decline within the United States. They show that various approaches to reducing corruption have met with success, such as deregulation, particularly “free banking,” in the 1830s. In the 1930s, corruption was kept in check when new federal bureaucracies replaced local administrations in doling out relief. Another deterrent to corruption was the independent press, which kept a watchful eye over government and business. These and other facets of American history analyzed in this volume make it indispensable as background for anyone interested in corruption today.
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Download or read book Understanding the Gender Gap written by Claudia Dale Goldin and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1990 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women have entered the labor market in unprecedented numbers. Yet these critically needed workers still earn less than men and have fewer opportunities for advancement. This study traces the evolution of the female labor force in America, addressing the issue of gender distinction in the workplace and refuting the notion that women's employment advances were a response to social revolution rather than long-run economic progress. Employing innovative quantitative history methods and new data series on employment, earnings, work experience, discrimination, and hours of work, this study establishes that the present economic status of women evolved gradually over the last two centuries and that past conceptions of women workers persist.
Download or read book Why Australia Prospered written by Ian W. McLean and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2016-05-24 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first comprehensive account of how Australia attained the world's highest living standards within a few decades of European settlement, and how the nation has sustained an enviable level of income to the present. Why Australia Prospered is a fascinating historical examination of how Australia cultivated and sustained economic growth and success. Beginning with the Aboriginal economy at the end of the eighteenth century, Ian McLean argues that Australia's remarkable prosperity across nearly two centuries was reached and maintained by several shifting factors. These included imperial policies, favorable demographic characteristics, natural resource abundance, institutional adaptability and innovation, and growth-enhancing policy responses to major economic shocks, such as war, depression, and resource discoveries. Natural resource abundance in Australia played a prominent role in some periods and faded during others, but overall, and contrary to the conventional view of economists, it was a blessing rather than a curse. McLean shows that Australia's location was not a hindrance when the international economy was centered in the North Atlantic, and became a positive influence following Asia's modernization. Participation in the world trading system, when it flourished, brought significant benefits, and during the interwar period when it did not, Australia's protection of domestic manufacturing did not significantly stall growth. McLean also considers how the country's notorious origins as a convict settlement positively influenced early productivity levels, and how British imperial policies enhanced prosperity during the colonial period. He looks at Australia's recent resource-based prosperity in historical perspective, and reveals striking elements of continuity that have underpinned the evolution of the country's economy since the nineteenth century.
Download or read book The Economic Background to Investment written by H. B. Rose and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1960 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Land of Promise written by Michael Lind and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2012-04-17 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "[An] ambitious economic history of the united States...rich with details." ?—David Leonhardt, New York Times Book Review How did a weak collection of former British colonies become an industrial, financial, and military colossus? From the eighteenth to the twenty-first centuries, the American economy has been transformed by wave after wave of emerging technology: the steam engine, electricity, the internal combustion engine, computer technology. Yet technology-driven change leads to growing misalignment between an innovative economy and anachronistic legal and political structures until the gap is closed by the modernization of America's institutions—often amid upheavals such as the Civil War and Reconstruction and the Great Depression and World War II. When the U.S. economy has flourished, government and business, labor and universities, have worked together in a never-ending project of economic nation building. As the United States struggles to emerge from the Great Recession, Michael Lind clearly demonstrates that Americans, since the earliest days of the republic, have reinvented the American economy - and have the power to do so again.
Download or read book The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco Roman World written by Walter Scheidel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-11-29 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this, the first comprehensive survey of the economies of classical antiquity, twenty-eight chapters summarise the current state of scholarship in their specialised fields and sketch new directions for research. They reflect a new interest in economic growth in antiquity and develop new methods for measuring economic development, often combining textual and archaeological data that have previously been treated separately.
Download or read book The Cost of Racism for People of Color written by Alvin N. Alvarez and published by Cultural, Racial, and Ethnic P. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction -- Theoretical and methodological foundations -- A theoretical overview of the impact of racism on people of color / Alex Pieterse and Shantel Powell -- Applying intersectionality theory to research on perceived racism / Jioni A. Lewis and Patrick R. Grzanka -- Improving the measurement of perceived racial discrimination : challenges and opportunities / David R. Williams -- Moderators and mediators of the experience of perceived racism / Alvin Alvarez, Christopher T.H. Liang, Carin Molenaar, and David Nguyen -- Context and costs -- Racism and mental health : examining the link between racism and depression from a social-cognitive perspective / Elizabeth Brondolo, Wan Ng, Kristy-Lee J. Pierre, and Robert Lane -- Racism and behavioral outcomes over the life course / Gilbert C. Gee and Angie Denisse Otiniano Verissimo -- Racism and physical health disparities / Joseph Keaweaimoku Kaholokula -- The impact of racism on education and the educational experiences of students of color / Adrienne D. Dixson, Dominique Clayton, Leah Peoples, and Rema Reynolds -- The costs of racism on workforce entry and work adjustment / Justin C. Perry and Lela L. Pickett -- The impact of racism on communities of color : historical contexts and contemporary issues / Azara L. Santiago Rivera, Hector Y. Adames, Nayeli Y. Chavez-Dueñas, and Gregory Benson-Flórez -- Interventions and future directions -- Racial trauma recovery : a race-informed therapeutic approach to racial wounds / Lillian Comas-Díaz -- Critical race, psychology and social policy : refusing damage, cataloguing oppression, and documenting desire / Michelle Fine and William E. Cross -- Educational interventions for reducing racism / Elizabeth Vera, Daniel Camacho, Megan Polanin, and Manuel Salgado -- Toward a relevant psychology of prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination : linking science and practice to develop interventions that work in community settings / Ignacio D. Acevedo-Polakovich, Kara L. Beck, Erin Hawks, and Sarah E. Ogdie
Download or read book The Medieval Economy and Society written by Michael Moïssey Postan and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1973 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Economic History of Twentieth Century Latin America written by E. Cardenas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-13 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 1990s, 'protection', 'import substitution' and 'intervention' have become dirty words, part of the 'leyenda negra' of Latin America development in the postwar period. This book attempts a fresh look at the controversial years between the end of the Second World War and the point when, at varying dates in different countries, a discontinuity occurs in which the postwar 'style of development' ceased to play a central role in the economic evolution of the region. The analysis is based on seven case studies covering eleven countries.
Download or read book The Economic Background to Agricultural Policy written by Edith H. Whetham and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-08-22 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1960 book presents a rigorous account of agricultural policies and the factors influencing their development. The text was created to provide assistance to students of agriculture, practitioners in farming and others interested in agricultural planning. It will be of value to anyone with an interest in agricultural policy, economics and agricultural history.
Download or read book An Economic Background to Munich written by Alice Teichova and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1974-08-29 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economic background to the dismemberment of Czechoslovakia at Munich in 1938 has not received the attention it deserves. This book helps to redress this imbalance by analysing in depth the web of foreign interests - direct foreign investment, foreign long-term loans and the activities of international cartels in Czechoslovakia in the interwar period. After the First World War Central and Southeast Europe became one of the major regions of the world to which capital from France, Great Britain and the United States was exported. Czechoslovakia played a central part in this development: foreign capital sought to invest in Czechoslovak industrial enterprises and banks, to make loans to the state, public institutions and private economic organizations and to influence production, prices and the market through cartel agreements. Dr Teichova discusses in detail the influence of foreign capital and business organizations in mining, the metallurgical industries, engineering, electrical industries, chemical industries and banking in the greater part of the modernized sector of the economy.
Download or read book The Economic Background of Dominion Provincial Relations written by W.A. Mackintosh and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 1964-01-01 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
