Download or read book Economic Analysis of Certification in the Brazilian Fruit Chain written by Andréa Cristina Dörr and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Economic AQnalysis of Certification in the Brazilian Fruit Chain written by Andrea Dörr and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2009-02-16 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Producers and exporters of fresh fruits and vegetables from developing countries like Brazil are increasingly required to demonstrate the safety and traceability of their produce up to the consumption stage. In order to access international markets such as the European Union (EU) and the United States (US), fruits producers need to meet the requirements from the buyers and comply increasingly with certification systems. In Brazil, these are specifically the Integrated Fruit Production (PIF), GlobalGAP, Fairtrade and Organic certification schemes. Not clear is the impact these certification schemes have on Brazilian fruit farmers. There is some evidence in the literature, that certification contributes positively to the development of specific export sectors in developing countries. In fact, the Brazilian export market is still relatively underdeveloped, with an export share of only 2.4% of the total produced volume. However, certification may also have the effect of a non-tariff trade barrier, undermining the capability and financial ability of especially small-scale farmers in exporting to international markets. This study, therefore, aims at providing an economic analysis of certification in the Brazilian fruit chain. A survey of 303 grapes and mango farmers was conducted in 2006 in the Juazeiro/Petrolina region of the Sao Francisco Valley in Brazil. The survey continued interviewing 85 cashew nuts farmers and conducting six case studies with melon growers in the Serra do Mel/Mossoró region in the semi-arid zone of the Northeast of Brazil. Certified and non-certified farmers as well as those in process to obtain certification were included in the sample. To analyze the primary data, a conceptual framework of the marketing chain and the farmers’ adoption decision was first developed. Then, different theoretical and empirical approaches which are relevant for the analysis of certification, were added to the framework. The descriptive analysis has been complemented by some econometric models. The LOGIT model was used three times: first, for identifying the determinants of the adoption of certification and second, for determining the factors relevant for adopting two versus one certification scheme, and third, for testing the main factors that lead farmers to adopt specifically PIF. Several tests were performed to check the robustness of the models. Comparative analyses between certified and non-certified farmers of grapes, mango, melon and cashew nuts show that certified farmers receive higher net income than non-certified farmers. The net income of the farmers in process is slightly lower compared to certified farmers. The higher net income partly derives from the price premium paid for the certified fruits. Certified mango and grapes farmers have received an increased price per kg of 58% and 28%, respectively. Cashew nuts farmers receive the highest rates: 82% per kg of nuts and 62% per kg of kernel. Melon producers do not receive a price premium after adopting certification, but certification enables them to remain in the market. Other benefits identified refer particularly to environmental, health and food safety aspects. The costs of certification are found to be of minor importance, especially since financial support is provided by Brazilian governmental organizations like SEBRAE and EMBRAPA. Investments due to certification are partly considerable, but are outweighed by higher productivity and price premia. The price premia of small-scale farmers have been found to be lower compared to those of the medium-scale farmers, but the farmers are still able to compete. The logistic estimates show that education and the years of experience mostly have a positive and significant effect on the decision to adopt certification. The chances to certify decrease, however, when farmers are dependent on the income from non-agricultural activities, are living in rural villages and not on the farm and trade with an individual buyer using a verbal trust-based arrangement. The estimates on separate grapes and mango models also find the size of the farms and the share of the current irrigated area to negatively contribute to the chances of adoption. The decision of mango and grapes farmers to adopt two instead of only one certificate was found to be influenced by whether the farmer can made use of the packing house from the group, cooperative or association. Variables such as ‘years trading with the buyer’ and ‘living in the city’ have negative and significant influence on the decision making. An analysis of the grapes and mangoes marketing chains reveals that certified producers generally trade with groups, cooperatives or associations, while non-certified farmers trade with individual buyers. Groups, cooperatives and associations generally contribute to upgrade mostly certified farmers. Written contracts are more often found between groups and farmers. Uncertified farmers, however, trade more often with individual buyers based on verbal contracts. Such marketing chains are less vertically integrated and present low asset specificity.

Download or read book Coffee certification in East Africa impact on farms families and cooperatives written by Ruerd Ruben and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-09-04 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Certification of coffee producers is frequently suggested as a promising strategy for improving the position of smallholder farmers in the market. After the launch of the first Fairtrade label in 1988, several other standards have been promoted either by voluntary agencies (Utz-certified) or by private coffee companies. Each coffee label relies on different strategies for enhancing sustainable production and responsible trade. Coffee certification in East Africa is of a rather recent nature but has been rapidly expanding, representing currently 26 percent of the world's sustainable certified coffee supply. Marketing channels, cooperative organisation and household structures show notable differences between Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia. Empirical studies on the effects of standards for smallholders are scarce. This book intends to deepen our understanding on the role and functions of coffee certification regimes, based on three innovative approaches: (1) longitudinal field survey data capturing changes in coffee farming systems and effects on household welfare; (2) in-depth interviews and behavioural experiments regarding risk attitudes, trust and investments at cooperative level; and (3) detailed discourse analyses regarding gender roles and female bargaining power within coffee households. The chapters included in this book provide new and original evidence about the impact of coffee certification based on large-scale field surveys and in-depth interviews.

Download or read book Ecosystem Services and Global Trade of Natural Resources written by Thomas Koellner and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The utilization of natural resources to satisfy worldwide growing consumption of goods and services has severe ecological consequences. Aside from the projected doubling of food consumption in the next fifty years, the growing trade of biofuels and other commodities is a global challenge as the economic activities in the primary sector (i.e. mining, fisheries, aquaculture, forestry and agriculture) can damage biodiversity and ecosystem services. This should be taken into account in the decision-making affecting the global value chains linking consumer, retailer, processor, and producer in the North and the South. To cover the topic of ecosystem services and global trade this book is organized into four major parts. Part 1 gives the theoretical framework from an ecological, economic and political perspectives. Part 2 explores how internationally traded biophysical commodities from agriculture, forestry and fisheries translates into a virtual flow of land, freshwater, and marine ecosystems. Part 3 describes how two widely used accounting tools (i.e., Life Cycle Assessment and Green National Accounts) deal with international aspects of ecosystem services, and Part 4 shows how instruments like labelling, bans, or payments for ecosystem services in the private and public sector can influence trade patterns and the management of ecosystem services. This collection is a valuable contribution to the global change science dealing with ecosystem services. It illustrates the consequences of international trade on global ecosystem services and provides an overview of accounting tools and of market-based policy instruments to address negative and positive externalities. The book is certainly innovative, because it brings together research findings from distinct disciplines especially Industrial Ecology and Ecosystem Sciences, as well as Environmental Economics and Political Science.

Download or read book Green Business Concepts Methodologies Tools and Applications written by Management Association, Information Resources and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2019-02-01 with total page 1685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The issues of sustainability and corporate social responsibility have become vital discussions in many industries within the public and private sectors. In the business realm, incorporating practices that serve the overall community and ecological wellbeing can also allow businesses to flourish economically and socially. Green Business: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications is a vital reference source for the latest research findings on the challenges and benefits of implementing sustainability into the core functions of contemporary enterprises, focusing on how green approaches improve operations. Highlighting a range of topics such as corporate sustainability, green enterprises, and circular economy, this multi-volume book is ideally designed for business executives, business and marketing professionals, business managers, academicians, and researchers actively involved in the business industry.

Download or read book Competition for Resources in a Changing World New Drive for Rural Development written by Eric Tielkes and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2008 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The bioeconomy and non timber forest products written by Carsten Smith-Hall and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-12-16 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the first in-depth investigation of how non-timber forest products are an integral part of local, national, and global bioeconomies. While the plants and fungi that produce non-timber forest products are essential to the sustainability of forest ecosystems, peoples' food and livelihood security and sovereignty, and thus the bioeconomy, are often absent from bioeconomic strategies. Presenting a selection of empirical cases from around the world that engage with the bioeconomy and non-timber forest products, this volume reveals how essential these products are to creating a greener and more sustainable future, how to to better integrate them into efforts to transition to and expand the bioeconomy, and how such efforts can be supported and developed. Chapters analyse how and to what degree non-timber forest products promote sustainable resource use, generate employment, and contribute to food and livelihood security and poverty alleviation. The volume develops approaches and identifies interventions and policies to support the integration of non-timber forest products into bioeconomy strategies, including in national reporting schemes to provide recommendations for future research and practical implementation. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of forest and natural resource management, bioeconomics, circular economy and ecological economics more widely. It will also be of interest to professionals working in sustainable development and the forestry sector.

Download or read book Water Relationships in Foods written by Harry Levine and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 825 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was developed from the papers presented at a symposium on "Water Relationships in Foods," which was held from April 10-14, 1989 at the 197th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society in Dallas, Texas, under the auspices of the Agricultural and Food Chemistry Division of ACS. The editors of this book organized the symposium to bring tagether an es teemed group of internationally respected experts, currently active in the field of water relationships in foods, to discuss recent advances in the 1980's and future trends for the 1990's. It was the hope of all these con tributors that this ACS symposium would become a memorable keystone above the foundation underlying the field of "water in foods. " This strong foundation has been constructed in large part from earlier technical conferences and books such as the four milestone International Symposia on the Properties of Water (ISOPOW I-IV), the recent IFT BasicSymposium on "Water Activity" and Penang meeting on Food Preservation by Maisture Control, as well as the key fundamental contributions from the classic 1980 ACS Symposium Series #127 on Water in Polymers, and from Felix Franks' famous seven-volume Comprehensive Treatise on Water plus five subsequent volumes of the ongoing Water Science Reviews. The objective of the 1989 ACS symposiumwas to build on this foun dation by emphasizing the most recent and maj or advanc.

Download or read book New Vistas in Agroforestry written by P. K. Ramachandran Nair and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It was in late 2002 that the idea of preparing a collection of multi-authored chapters on different aspects of ag- st forestry as a compendium for the 1 World Congress of Agroforestry, June 2004, was tossed around. With the approval of the idea by the Congress Organizing Committee, serious efforts to make it a reality got under way in early 2003. The rigorously peer-reviewed and edited manuscripts were submitted to the publisher in December 2003. Considering the many differentindividualsinvolved in the task as authors and manuscriptreviewers, we feel quite pleased that the task could be accomplished within this timeframe. We are pleased also about the contents on several counts. First of all, the tropical-temperate mix of topics is a rare feature of a publication of this nature. In spite of the scienti?c commonalities between tropical and temperate practices of agroforestry, the differences between them are so enormous that it is often impossible to mesh them together in one publication. Secondly, several of the chapters are on topics that have not been discussed or described much in agroforestryliterature. A third feature is that some of the authors, though well known in their own disciplinary areas, are somewhat new to agroforestry; the perceptions and outlooks of these scholars who are relatively unin?uenced by the past happenings in agroforestry gives a whole new dimension to agroforestry and broadensthescopeofthesubject. Finally, ratherthanjustreviewingandsummarizingpastwork,mostchapterstake the extra effort in attempting to outline the next steps.

Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 1302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Approaches for Potato Crop Improvement and Stress Management written by S. M. Paul Khurana and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Frontiers of Commodity Chain Research written by Jennifer Bair and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring new contributions by leading globalization scholars, this timely volume analyzes the organization, geography, politics, and power dynamics of international trade and production networks understood as global commodity chains.

Download or read book Exotic Fruits Reference Guide written by Sueli Rodrigues and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-01-05 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exotic Fruits Reference Guide is the ultimate, most complete reference work on exotic fruits from around the world. The book focuses on exotic fruit origin, botanical aspects, cultivation and harvest, physiology and biochemistry, chemical composition and nutritional value, including phenolics and antioxidant compounds. This guide is in four-color and contains images of the fruits, in addition to their regional names and geographical locations. Harvest and post-harvest conservation, as well as the potential for industrialization, are also presented as a way of stimulating interest in consumption and large scale production. Covers exotic fruits found all over the world, described by a team of global contributors Provides quick and easy access to botanical information, biochemistry, fruit processing and nutritional value Features four-color images throughout for each fruit, along with its regional name and geographical location Serves as a useful reference for researchers, industrial practitioners and students

Download or read book Organic certification schemes managerial skills and associated costs Synthesis report from case studies in the rice and vegetable sectors written by Santacoloma, P. and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2007 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies alternative certification schemes for organic products in order to draw conclusions regarding the institutional support and technological development required for compliance with organic standards. It discusses third party certification, for both individuals and farmer groups, as well as participatory certification. Case studies from developing countries and countries in transition engaged in organic rice and organic fruit and vegetable production are examined. Issues analysed include the organizational structure and marketing strategies in the organic supply chain. The paper also discusses the institutional development that is needed to provide business and technical services and establish the quality assurance system. Organizational, managerial and business skills required by the lead stakeholders in the organic chain are analysed as well as the costs that they incur for effectively managing organic projects. Similarly, the managerial skills required at the farm level are considered as is the use of cost-benefit analysis. The paper also reviews the legal and institutional framework that facilitates organic production and certification. The paper is aimed at staff of government, private and non-government organizations working at the policy level and in the field, and at donors' organizations that support organic production and certification.

Download or read book Future Fragmentation Processes written by Jodie Keane and published by Commonwealth Secretariat. This book was released on 2017-08-07 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Future Fragmentation Processes provides a careful examination of global value chains (GVCs) within which Commonwealth members countries specialise at the sectoral level: manufacturing, services and commodity trade, including within the realm of the oceans economy, and reflects on future fragmentation processes.

Download or read book Certification in the Value Chain for Fresh Fruits written by Pascal Liu and published by Fao Commodity Studies. This book was released on 2009 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An increasing proportion of the bananas that are traded internationally are certified to voluntary standards. This report describes the main patterns of international trade in certified bananas, and examines the market situation and prospects of certified organic and fair-trade bananas.

Download or read book Seafood Supply Chains written by Miriam Greenwood and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-01-16 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a historical and analytical account of changes in the seafood supply chain in Britain from the mid-twentieth century to the present, looking at the impact of various types of governance. The governance of marine fisheries has been a contested issue for decades with increasing anxieties about overfishing. In tandem, the rise of aquaculture, fish and shellfish farming, has driven another set of environmental concerns. In the food system, there have been scandals about safety failures and about fraud. At the same time, governments issue advice urging people to eat fish for its health benefits. In the context of these problems and contradictions, how have governments, the food industry and ordinary consumers responded? The author shows how different types of governance and regulation have been used to seek seafood sustainability and food safety and to communicate nutritional messages to the public and with what effects. The book also presents a new model for understanding food chains which combines governance and power approaches with an emphasis on understanding the interests served and the resulting balance of public and private benefits. This shows that the role of state regulation should have greater emphasis in governance and agri-food analysis and that theories about supply chain functioning, including the part played by major retailers and civil society, should be modified by a more nuanced understanding of the role of standards and certification systems. Although much of the focus is on the UK and Europe, this book provides key lessons internationally for the governance of seafood and other agri-food supply chains. The book will be of interest to students of food policy and those working in the seafood industry or studying for connected qualifications, and more widely to readers with an interest in seafood issues and problems.