Download or read book Ecology and Structure of Black Bear Ursus Americanus Populations in the Interior Highlands of Arkansas written by Thea Vandervelde Kristensen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Interior Highlands of Arkansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma, overharvest, extensive logging, and reductions of habitat availability by other means contributed to the decline of black bears (Ursus americanus). Bears were extirpated from the majority of the region by the 1940's Oklahoma by 1915 and from Missouri by 1931. From 1958-1968, the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission undertook a reintroduction to the Ouachita and the Ozark National Forests in Arkansas. The successful growth and expansion of the released population caused these efforts to be considered one of the most successful reintroductions of carnivores. In this dissertation, I sought to examine the current population size and density of bears in the Ouachita and the Ozark National Forests in Arkansas and to explore how dispersal patterns are influenced by population expansion. Density estimates are comparable to or above previous estimates done in the late 1980's/early 1990's. The population appears to have maintained or exceeded previous density estimates. There was evidence for female philopatry in both source and expanding populations, with relatedness declining with distance until about 30 km. In recently expanding populations, male-male dyads followed a similar pattern to female-female dyads with relatedness decreasing with distance. Female-female dyads in expanding populations also had higher levels of closely related dyads than female-female dyads in source populations. Only in recent years have large predator reintroductions been actively pursued and the goals of restoring a functional ecosystem been approached. The genetics of reintroduction and dispersal received research attention even more recently. Dispersal and gene flow into and out of populations, a process called connectivity, fundamentally shape wildlife distribution and abundance across the landscape. Connectivity determines taxonomic distinctiveness, colonization of new sites, and persistence of both local populations and metapopulations of linked populations. With measures of connectivity in hand, we can better understand the role it plays for a particular wildlife species, and predict the consequences of changes in a human-altered landscape.
Download or read book Ecology of Two Black Bear Ursus Americanus Populations in the Interior Highlands of Arkansas written by Joseph Daniel Clark and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phylogeography and Population Genomics of the American Black Bear Ursus Americanus written by Emily Elizabeth Puckett and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The American black bear (Ursus americanus) is one of the eight living species of Ursidae, and the only one to have speciated in North America (1.8 – 1.2 Mya). This dissertation investigates the contemporary population structure of American black bears across their range; and specifically asks how a translocation of bears affected the population genetics of individuals in the Central Interior Highlands. Black bear mitochondrial lineages began forming within the last 170 kya, whereas the eastern and western nuclear genomes diverged 67 kya. A third nuclear lineage was discovered in contemporary Alaska, which diverged from the eastern lineage 31 kya. These three lineages harbor nine genetic clusters, and potentially more in unsampled portions of the range. These nine clusters may represent evolutionary significant units for the species; however, more work would be needed before proposing taxonomic revisions. The regional population genetics of the Central Interior Highlands (Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Missouri, USA) showed that the majority of genetic diversity in contemporary populations of the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains was introduced from Minnesota, USA and Manitoba, Canada during a translocation of bears from 1958 - 1968. Analyses also indicated that the contemporary Ozark and Ouachita populations were genetically differentiated. Additionally, bears that form a low diversity genetic cluster in Missouri were highly similar to bears from the Ozarks in genomic analyses, indicating a small founding population dispersed northwards following the reintroduction. Finally, I analyzed the accuracy and precision with which the natal location of a black bear may be identified using different inference methods and dataset compositions. While samples were estimated within 201 km of their sample site and with high precision, there was a low correlation between the state or province of sampling and that estimated. These results suggest caution when using genetic data for natal inference problems in cases for trade of wildlife products.
Download or read book Management of Nuisance Black Bears Ursus Americanus in the Interior Highlands of Arkansas written by Scott D. Shull and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Denning Ecology of Two Black Bear Populations in the Arkansas Highlands written by Stephen Gordon Hayes and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wild Mammals of North America written by George A. Feldhamer and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2003-11-19 with total page 1250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Table of contents
Download or read book Temporal Dimensions of Landscape Ecology written by John A. Bissonette and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-08 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the authors discuss the effects that temporal changes in resources have on animal populations. The chapters address the idea of current as well as historical temporal influences on resource availability, quality, and distribution. The authors draw attention to the neglected temporal issues so important to understanding species and community responses. International contributions enable worldwide application of the theories.
Download or read book Ecology and Behaviour of North American Black Bears written by Roger A. Powell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What main factors affect mammalian home range size and dynamics? To what extent do constraints on home range characteristics vary between the sexes? This book aims to address these issues by concentrating the authors' expertise and experience in studies of home ranges in general and focusing on their studies of black bears of the Pisgah Forest, North Carolina, in particular. The authors provide an overview of the black bears and methods for their study before discussing concepts of home range, developing predictive habitat quality models, addressing influences of food production on social organization and exploring the mating behaviour of male bears.
Download or read book Proceedings written by Kimberly G. Smith and published by University of Arkansas Press. This book was released on with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book General Technical Report NC written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Patterns in Landscape wide Spatial Heterogeneity of American Black Bear Ursus Americanus Populations Identified Through Genetic and Noninvasive Approaches written by Catherine Sun and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population-level patterns reflect the aggregation of individual-level movement, survival, and recruitment processes over a landscape. Estimating population density, distribution, and genetic structure is important for understanding species ecology, monitoring viability, and for developing effective management plans. Long-term monitoring is particularly necessary for detecting changes that have management implications. However, limited resources often impede the collection of sufficient high-resolution demographic data for robust population-level inferences, especially for species with extensive distributions and large ranges of individual movement. The American back bear (Ursus americanus) is a game species in New York (NY) that has been growing in abundance and expanding in distribution. However, robust knowledge of spatial variation in population density or genetic structure informative about current and future population trajectories is lacking. This research estimated patterns of landscape-wide spatial heterogeneity in NY bear populations using noninvasive, cost-efficient methods. First, I investigated the genetic structure of bears in NY and across the northeastern United States using neutral markers to reveal differentiation and patterns of restricted gene flow that may pre-date historical human disturbances. Genetic connectivity across political borders supports previous hypotheses of bear movement that motivate continued monitoring and coordination between management units. Second, I developed a citizen science (CS) program and conducted simulations with a novel integrated model to assess the utility of opportunistic CS data in augmenting systematic data to estimate population parameters. Then, I estimated bear density and patterns in bear density, distribution, and occupancy related to landcover types in southern NY with systematic spatial capture-recapture, occupancy, and CS approaches from 2015-2018. Across years, mean predicted density was 7.3 bears /100 km2 (95% CI: 4.7 - 11.5) with population growth, survival, fecundity, and landcover patterns suggesting that bears may continue to expand into areas with more human-impacted landscapes. Accounting for dependence between collocated sampling methods increased overall detection probability and highlighted the importance of appropriate spatial scales of different sampling methods for inference on population density. These findings provide the first spatially explicit, non-harvest based estimates of black bear population patterns across southern NY, and offer insights into the design of large scale, multi-method, long term population monitoring.
Download or read book Landscape level Habitat Suitability Models for Twelve Wildlife Species in Southern Missouri written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Some Aspects in the Ecology of the Black Bear Ursus Americanus in Interior Alaska written by David Francis Hatler and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research during 1964 and 1965 revealed that black bears in interior Alaska are active only 5 to 5.5 months each year. Emerging from winter dens in early May, the animals spend most of the first 3 months in river bottom and other lowland situations where green vegetation, especially Equisetum spp., composes the bulk of their diet. From the last half of July until mid-September bears are observed most commonly in alpine areas where fruits, especially Vaccinium uliginosum, are the important food. Animal food, constituting less than 15 percent (volume) of the animal's diet, is apparently taken whenever it is obtainable. Most animal food occurrences involve insects. Litter size averaged 1.73 for 30 litters observed during the 2 years studied. Litters larger than two do not seem to be common in interior Alaska. Intestinal parasites were found in 12 of 16 bears. Two heavy infestations of ascarids, 249 worms in one bear and 53 in another, were observed. Serious predation by interior Alaskan black bears upon the nests of some waterfowl has been recorded; predation upon most other wildlife species appears to be negligible. Evidence gathered during this study suggests that the rash of black bear problems experienced by interior Alaskans in 1963 was due largely to the widespread lack of blueberries during that year.
Download or read book Ecology and Physiology of a Black Bear Ursus Americanus Population in the Great Dismal Swamp and Reproduction Physiology in the Captive Female Black Bear written by Eric Charles Hellgren and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Population Ecology of the Kenai Peninsula Black Bear written by Charles C. Schwartz and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reports the objective of which were to determine the population density, age structure, productivity and survival of the black bear (Ursus americanus) population in the Moose Research Center and Swanson River-Finger lakes study areas of the Kenai Peninsula (southcentral Alaska).
Download or read book Conservation Genetics in Mammals written by Jorge Ortega and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-24 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the use of molecular tools to study small populations of rare and endangered mammals, and presents case studies that apply an evolutionary framework to address innovative questions in the emerging field of mammalian conservation genomics using a highly diverse set of novel molecular tools. Novel and more precise molecular technologies now allow experts in the field of mammology to interpret data in a more contextual and empirical fashion and to better describe the evolutionary and ecological processes that are responsible for the patterns they observe. The book also demonstrates how recent advances in genetic/genomic technologies have been applied to assess the impact of environmental/anthropogenic changes on the health of small populations of mammals. It examines a range of issues in the field of mammalian conservation genomics, such as the role that the genetic diversity of the immune system plays in disease protection and local adaptation; the use of noninvasive techniques and genomic banks as a resource for monitoring and restoring populations; the structuring of population by physical barriers; and genetic diversity. Further, by integrating research from a variety of areas – including population genetics, molecular ecology, systematics, and evolutionary and conservation biology – it enables readers to gain a deeper understanding of the conservation biology of mammals that are at increasing risk of extinction at local, regional and global scales. As such, it offers a unique resource for a broad readership interested in the conservation biology of mammals and conservation management strategies to better preserve biodiversity.
Download or read book Black Bear Population Ecology written by Frederick Grier Lindzey and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite relatively mild weather, black bears (Ursus americanus) in southwestern Washington entered dens and remained for an average of 126 days. Bears entered their dens during a 5-week period which began on 21 October. A significant difference (P
