Download or read book Ecologie et comportement des esp ces written by André Brosset and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book cologie comportementale written by Étienne Danchin and published by Dunod. This book was released on 2005-03-11 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'écologie comportementale est née de la nécessité de bien comprendre la façon dont fonctionne l'évolution pour produire l'incroyable diversité des formes du vivant. Cet ouvrage, rédigé par une vingtaine de spécialistes, sous la direction de Etienne Danchin, Luc-Alain Giraldeau et Frank Cézilly, présente une initiation complète et intégrée du comportement animal. Il est organisé autour des grandes décisions que l'individu doit prendre au cours de sa vie. Les deux derniers chapitres sont consacrés aux applications de l'écologie comportementale : élaboration de stratégies pour la conservation de la biodiversité et comparaison avec les comportements humains. Des questions de réflexion complètent le cours et en fin d'ouvrage, un glossaire bilingue de 260 entrées et un index très complet permettent d'aller rapidement à l'essentiel. Ont également contribué à cet ouvrage : Thierry Boulinier, Michel Chapuisat, Jean Clobert, Michèle de Fraipont, Alfred Dufty, Régis Ferrière, Jean-François Legalliard, Mylène Mariette, Anders P. Moller, Gabriele Sorci, Marc Théry.
Download or read book Ecologie comportementale des strat gies d incubation des b casseaux arctiques written by Nicolas Meyer (Auteur d'une thèse en Biologie des populations et écologie).) and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pour contribuer à prédire les effets du changement climatique sur la biosphère, ce travail propose une approche originale, empruntée à l'écologie comportementale : étudier les comportements de soins parentaux des bécasseaux (genre Calidris), leurs déterminants et leurs conséquences sur le succès reproducteur. Ces migrateurs au long-cours rejoignent l'Arctique, où les changements sont particulièrement rapides, pour se reproduire pendant la courte saison estivale. Sous ces latitudes, les conditions abiotiques ainsi que la disponibilité en ressources sont très variables, et la prédation est la cause principale d'échec de la reproduction. Le succès reproducteur des bécasseaux dépend alors de la capacité des adultes à se reproduire et à fournir les soins nécessaires à la survie et au développement des jeunes. Contraints de s'alimenter chaque jour, le comportement des adultes correspond à la gestion du compromis entre investir dans les soins parentaux ou se nourrir, entre reproduction et survie. L'incubation empêchant l'adulte de s'alimenter, deux stratégies d'incubation, caractérisées par la répartition de la charge des soins entre les parents, ont évolué chez ce petit groupe d'espèces. La stratégie biparentale repose sur la coopération des deux parents qui se relaient au nid alors que pour la stratégie uniparentale, un seul adulte est en charge des soins.Le premier chapitre de ma thèse s'attache à discuter les principales hypothèses évolutionnistes formulés pour expliquer l'émergence de cette diversité de stratégie chez les bécasseaux, avant de décrire la variabilité du comportement d'incubation entre ces stratégies.Les travaux présentés dans les deux chapitres suivants reposent sur l'analyse du comportement d'incubation (via l'enregistrement de la température d'incubation) et le suivi de plusieurs centaines de nids (date de ponte, succès ou échec) d'une diversité d'espèces de bécasseaux (7 à 9 espèces), suivis selon un protocole standardisé, à l'échelle circumpolaire (12-15 sites d'étude) et sur plusieurs années (2016-2018 et 2016-2019).Le deuxième chapitre est consacré à l'étude des relations entre le comportement d'incubation, et des variables environnementales comme la température au sol et la productivité primaire, utilisée comme proxy de l'abondance d'arthropodes terrestres. Ce travail montre que le comportement d'incubation est fortement corrélé à ces variables chez les espèces uniparentales, contrairement aux espèces biparentales, témoignant d'une contrainte énergétique forte.Le troisième chapitre traite quant à lui de la relation entre la stratégie d'incubation, le comportement d'incubation, et le risque de prédation des nids. Ce travail démontre que le risque de prédation varie selon le comportement d'incubation et que la stratégie uniparentale contraint l'adulte à adopter un comportement plus risqué.Enfin, le quatrième chapitre présente, sous la forme d'une revue bibliographique, des éléments de discussion autour des avantages et inconvénients relatifs de chacune des stratégies au regard des changements abiotiques et biotiques prédits dans l'Arctique. Les soins parentaux déterminant le nombre et la qualité des jeunes recrutés dans la population, cette revue fait le lien entre les résultats originaux présentés dans ma thèse et des préoccupations plus larges de biologie de la conservation.En résumé, mes travaux montrent que les stratégies d'incubation, résultats d'une histoire évolutive complexe dans des environnements parfois extrêmes, déterminent le comportement d'incubation, influencent le risque de prédation du nid et contraignent l'aptitude des adultes à tamponner les variations des conditions environnementales. Aujourd'hui soumis à une mutation rapide de leur environnement, mes travaux questionnent le maintien des bécasseaux et de leurs stratégies de reproduction dans les écosystèmes arctiques.
Download or read book Corridors cologiques et esp ces grands carnivores dans la r gion alpine written by Fabio Corsi and published by Council of Europe. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'établissement du Réseau écologique paneuropéen représente un des objectifs majeurs de la Stratégie paneuropéenne de la diversité biologique et paysagère. La notion de corridor écologique revêt une importance particulière dans la mise en œuvre de ce vaste réseau. Dans ce cadre, le présent rapport porte sur la mise au point d'outils de connaissance destinés à étayer le processus de gestion des populations de grands carnivores. Ce travail s'appuie sur les résultats obtenus dans le cadre du projet sur les zones de conservation des grands carnivores d'Europe (Large Carnivore Conservation Areas in Europe, LCCA), mis en œuvre par l'Istituto di Ecologia Applicata IEA) de Rome pour le compte de l'initiative pour les grands carnivores d'Europe (Large Carnivore Initiative for Europe, LCIE) et grâce à un financement du Fonds mondial pour la nature (WWF).
Download or read book Les animaux savent vivre et survivre written by Vitus Bernward Dröscher and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Une observation attentive et une analyse du comportement des animaux en liberté permettent à Vitus B. Dröscher de signaler quelles leçons les hommes pourraient tirer pour leur propre compte de l'astuce animale face aux agressions et aux dangers de l'environnement. Après avoir décrit comment les animaux assurent leur propre équilibre de santé, il montre comment les espèces luttent contre les dangers mortels de l'environnement et comment les sociétés animales développent des comportements sociaux harmonieux pour protéger leur espèce.
Download or read book African Rain Forest Ecology and Conservation written by William Weber and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extending from west Africa to Madagascar, from the vast lowland Congo Basin to the archipelago of forest islands on its eastern rim, the African rain forest is surpassed in size only by the Amazon. This book sheds light on the current efforts to understand and conserve the African rain forest, an area in need of urgent action to save its biological wealth, cultural heritage, and economic potential. Written by conservation scientists and practitioners based in the African rain forest, the book offers a multidisciplinary perspective that integrates many biological and social sciences. Early chapters trace the forces--from paleoecological factors to recent human actions--that have shaped the African forest environment. The next chapters discuss the dominant biological patterns of species ranging from the distinctive elephants, gorillas, and okapi to the less well known birds, butterflies, and amphibians. Other chapters focus on how such different groups as hunter-gatherers, forest farmers, bushmeat hunters, recent immigrants, and commercial foresters have used the forests. Several authors stress the need for tighter links between research and conservation action. The final section draws lessons from the collective experience of those working in an Africa wracked by political strife and economic hardship.
Download or read book Long Term Studies of Vertebrate Communities written by Martin L. Cody and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1996-10-24 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book synthesizes the ongoing long-term community ecology studies of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. The studies have been conducted from deserts to rainforests as well as in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats and provide valuable insight that can be obtained only through persistent, diligent, and year-after-year investigation. Long-Term Studies of Vertebrate Communities is ideal for faculty, researchers, graduate students, and undergraduates in vertebrate biology, ecology, and evolutionary biology, including ecology, natural history, and systematics. Provides unique perspectives of community stability and variation Details the influence of natural and other perturbations on community structure Includes synopses by well-known authors Presents results from a broad range of vertebrate taxa Studies were conducted at different latitudes and in different habitats
Download or read book Socio cologie written by Société française pour l'étude du comportement animal. Rennes-Beaulieu (1978). and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecologie des milieux sur roches ultramafiques et sur sols m tallif res written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Abyssinian Art of Louis Agassiz Fuertes in the Field Museum written by Paul Johnsgard and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2020-01-03 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book documents the paintings and drawings executed by Louis Agassiz Fuertes during the Field Museum of Natural History's seven-month expedition to Ethiopia (Abyssinia) in 1926-27. During that time Fuertes completed 70 field watercolors that illustrate 55 species of birds and four species of mammals. He also executed 34 pencil drawings, which illustrate 13 species of mammals and 11 species of birds, plus numerous miscellaneous sketches and small watercolors. This book identifies and describes the biology of all 69 species of birds and mammals illustrated by Fuertes and includes 32 color reproductions of Fuertes's watercolors that were published as a limited-edition album in 1930 by the Field Museum. The 60,000-word text provides brief summaries of all these species' ecology, behavior, and reproductive biology as well as information about their current populations and conservation status. A review of Fuertes's life, his influence on modern bird and wildlife art, and his participation in and artistic contributions to the Field Museum's Abyssinian Expedition is also included, as well as more than 250 bibliographic citations.
Download or read book Bird Census Techniques written by Colin J. Bibby and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-08-15 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book there are entire chapters devoted to the most widely used bird counting techniques, and attempts to amalgamate other counting methodologies into major groups were made. Examples of the use of methods are provided wherever possible and the relative value of various approaches for answering specific questions is also addressed. A newly revised edition of the immensely successful Bird Census Techniques An entirely new chapter covering the census methods recommended for tropical habitats Provides a concise guide to various census techniques and their opportunities and pitfalls
Download or read book Vertebrates in Complex Tropical Systems written by Mireille L. Harmelin-Vivien and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the question of what determines species richness in tropical animals by comparing and contrasting the communities of the five major classes of vertebrates in two environments considered to be the most species-rich on Planet Earth - the coral reef and the rainforest. All the contributors were asked to examine how so many species could coexist in such communities and to discuss the ways species assemblages might have evolved over time. Because the coauthors are ecologists, emphasis is quite naturally placed on the first of these two questions, and the factors contributing to the maintenance of a-diversity are discussed at length. However, the question of the very origin of species richness can never be eluded, though it is more an evolutionary problem than an ecological one; it has therefore also been given some attention occasionally. Since we believe that long-term descriptive data and extended field experience are absolutely essential to formulate meaningful questions and pro pose realistic models, contributors were selected on the basis of their prolonged field practice; all of them actually spent years in the field and/or participated in long-term research programs. The present volume has its origin in a symposium held on August 15, 1986 at Syra cuse, New York, during the Fourth International Congress of Ecology.
Download or read book Reconciling Human Needs and Conserving Biodiversity Large Landscapes as a New Conservation Paradigm written by Bila-Isia Inogwabini and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-18 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protected areas have often been defined as the backbones of biodiversity conservation. Protected areas have often been defined as the backbones of biodiversity conservation. However, legitimate demands formulated by countries for their economic development, growing human populations, forest fragmentations, and needs of local communities for sustainable livelihoods are also pressing demands on protected areas, stringently pressuring conservation community to identify means to reconcile long term biodiversity conservation and communities’ livelihoods. Hence, integrating conservation activities within the global framework of economic development of countries with high biodiversity had become part of conservation paradigms. Integrated development as a route to conservation, strict protected areas, community managed areas, etc. have been tried but resulted in debatable outcomes in many ways. The lukewarm nature of these results brought ‘landscape approach’ at the front of biodiversity conservation in Central Africa. Since the late 1990s the landscape approach uses large areas with different functional attributes and shifts foundational biodiversity conservation paradigms. Changes are brought to the role traditionally attributed to local communities, aligning sustainable development with conservation and stretching conservation beyond the confines of traditional protected areas. These three shifts need a holistic approach to respond to different conservation questions. There are only a few instances where the landscape experience has been scientifically documented and lessons learnt drawn into a corpus of knowledge to guide future conservation initiatives across Central Africa. To subjugate one biodiversity conservation landscape as one case study emerged as a matter of urgency to present the potential knowledge acquired throughout the landscape experiment, including leadership and management, processes tried, results (at least partially) achieved, and why such and such other process or management arrangement were been chosen among many other alternatives, etc. The challenges of the implementation of the conservation landscape approach needed also to be documented. This book responds to the majority of these questions; drawing its content from the firsthand field knowledge, it discusses these shifts and documents what has been tried, how successful (unsuccessful) it was, and what lessons learnt from these trials. Theoretical questions such as threat index, and ecological services, etc. are also discussed and gaps in knowledge are identified.
Download or read book The Bonobos written by Takeshi Furuichi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-24 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once one of the least studied of the great apes, this new text covers the latest research into these fascinating creatures. Split into two parts, it covers scientific research, which has attempted to answer why bonobos have some unique characteristics such as high social status of females and flexible social relationships. Then, it moves on to conservation. Both the local and global aspects of the factors threatening the wild bonobo population are reviewed.
Download or read book Tropical Ecology written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Exotic Tree Plantations on Plant Diversity and Biological Soil Fertility in the Congo Savanna With Special Reference to Eucalypts written by F. Bernhard-Reversat and published by CIFOR. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improvement of biodiversity in plantations. Biological factors of fertility related to organic matter dynamics. Biological factors of fertility related to the diversity and density of soil biota. Asymbiotic nitrogen fixation in savanna and eucalypt plantations. Effect of exotic tree plantations on free living and plant parasitic soil nematodes and population changes with eucalypt hybrids and plantation age.
Download or read book Owls of the World written by Claus König and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive book on owls. Owls are enduringly popular birds, but due to their nocturnal habits most species are difficult to see well. The plumages of many species are cryptic and difficult to separate by plumage alone. This problem is compounded by the different morphs that many adopt. This book fully describes every known species and subspecies of owl, as well as presenting the latest evidence on owl taxonomy, based on DNA work and vocalisations. Because voice is vital in owl identification, much emphasis is placed on it in the book and sonograms are provided for many species. A CD of owl vocalisations accompanies the book.
