Download or read book Ecological Assessment of Re flooded Mesopotamian Marshes Iraq written by Sama Sameer AlMaarofi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assessing the ecological characteristics (water quality and the biological functions) of the Mesopotamian marshes is necessary to evaluate their recovery. Mesopotamian marshes have been affected by several anthropogenic impacts and providing a sufficient water supply is a challenge. Among the several anthropogenic activities that have caused damage to the Mesopotamian ecosystem, water shortage (mainly since 1974) and desiccation (from 1993 to 2003) have caused the most damage. In a case like Mesopotamia, it is important to quantify the damage in order to design a recovery plan and suitable recovery methods. The main goal of my thesis is to define the current hydrological and ecological status of the Mesopotamian marshes after re-flooding, in order to understand and identify the factors that are limiting their recovery to historical conditions. The main objectives of my research are: 1) investigate the changes in discharge and salinity of the main water sources to the Mesopotamian marshes (the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers) over time and how any changes may be affecting water quality; 2) identify the main sources of increased salinity of the marshes after re-flooding; 3) identify the major parameters affecting the water quality Mesopotamia marshes after re-flooding; and 4) investigate whether there are differences in species composition and abundance in phytoplankton communities among the selected re-flooded marshes of Al-Hawizeh, a marsh located in the north-east of the Mesopotamian marsh system, and what environmental parameters relate to those differences. My results indicate that ~ 45% of the annual water discharge of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers was lost by 2002 and that there was a significant shift in the period of maximum water discharge from spring (March) during 1973 to summer (June and July) during 2002 - 2005 and to fall (November) during 2006 - 2007. They also indicate that the average water salinity of the two rivers in 2006 - 2007 was 0.73 practical salinity unit (psu) which is 1.9 times greater than their historical level (0.4psu). The Mesopotamian marshes increased in salinity from their historical level, 0.4 psu, to 2.5 psu during 1980s and then declined to 1.1 psu after re-flooding. The high salinity values observed, especially early in the inundation, were from re-dissolution of salts that accumulated during the desiccation period, while the persistent increase relative to historical values is mainly due to increase the salinity of the inflowing rivers and longer water residence in the marshes. However, re-dissolution of salts can be added to the main reasons of increasing salinity of the Al-Hammar marsh. The results show that there was a net loss of salt from Al-Hawizeh marsh, and a net gain in salt for Hammar Marsh. In both cases, the change was in large part due to changes in water level. The salt budget for Central Marsh was problematical, probably because the water flows in and out of some distributaries were hard to quantify. Based on water quality indices combining several parameters (dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and pH), changes in water quality from prior to the desiccation period (historical state) to after re-flooding were generally moderate. However, deterioration in water quality of the re-flooded marshes is evident when salinity related parameters, specifically total dissolved solids, chloride and sulphate, are included in the water quality index calculation. Marshes that were severely damaged by desiccation and construction of embankments during the war, Majnoon and Lissan Ijerda, show low potential of recovery compared to marshes that are close to the river inputs. The Al-Hawizeh marsh complex was investigated as a case study for biological assessment. I identified significant spatial differences among individual marshes within Al-Hawizeh suggesting that their once homogenous nature has been altered since inundation in 2003. Silicate concentrations in Al-Hawizeh marsh were 10 times lower than before desiccation. Since silicate is an important nutrient for diatoms, this may be a driver of phytoplankton community structure in the marshes. A change from abundant Bacillariophyta during the pre-desiccation period to Chlorophyta after re-flooding could be due to reduction in SiO2 concentrations, especially in areas far from the major water inputs. The biological assessment of Al-Hawizeh marsh revealed three important issues: 1) invasion of euryhaline species of phytoplankton, which could reflect increasing salinity over time; 2) harmful species were recorded in small abundance (

Download or read book Social ecological Assessment Framework for the Restoration of the Iraqi Mesopotamian Marshlands written by Wasan S. Jema and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Efforts to restore the Mesopotamian Marshlands, the largest wetlands ecosystem in the Middle East, have been underway since 2003. However, they have lacked an integrated approach that recognizes the marshes as a complex social-ecological system. This study builds a social-ecological assessment framework to restore the marshes using a resilience thinking approach. This work describes the system and identifies specified resilience as a part of an integrated management framework. Key controlling variables, such as salinity, across scales and domains, are identified. Results suggest that the kind of system variability that has been introduced with respect to salinity levels (measured between 2010 and 2014) provides early warning that a critical threshold may be surpassed in the Mesopotamian Marshes. Managers have to be aware that irreversible change might occur if the threshold is exceeded. An integrated social-ecological assessment approach is proffered as a means to more sustainable system management.

Download or read book The Genocide Ecocide Nexus written by Damien Short and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-02-09 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a world gripped by an ever-worsening ecological crisis there are present and increasing genocidal pressures on many culturally distinct social groups, such as indigenous peoples. This is where the genocide-ecocide nexus presents itself. The destruction of ecosystems, ecocide, can be a method of genocide if, for example, environmental destruction results in conditions of life that fundamentally threaten a social group's cultural and/or physical existence. Given the looming threat of runaway climate change, the attendant rapid extinction of species, destruction of habitats, ecological collapse and the self-evident dependency of the human race on our bio-sphere, ecocide (both "natural" and "manmade") will become a primary driver of genocide. Through nine chapters of cutting-edge research, this book examines specific case studies in geographical settings such as Iraq, Sudan, Nigeria and Brazil, to highlight and analyse the crucial connections and vectors of the genocide-ecocide nexus. This book will be of great value to scholars, students and researchers interested in the ecological crisis, Environmental Justice, the political economy of genocide and ecocide as well as environmental human rights. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of The Journal of Genocide Research.

Download or read book Southern Iraq s Marshes written by Laith A. Jawad and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-06 with total page 815 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mesopotamian marshes are important for economic, social, and biodiversity values and have been home to indigenous human communities for millennia. They are regarded as a legendary site. This multi-authored book contains chapters written by world-renowned experts in their field. Both basic and applied information are made available, making the book a must-have for a wide spectrum of users. For example, an understanding of the natural and the social aspects of the marshes, as described here, is an obvious prerequisite for a pest management plan in this area. Scholars interested in wetlands can use this book as a guide to compare different wetlands areas in Asia. The bibliography section contains valuable references to the marsh areas and research in the field. This book serves as an up-to-date comprehensive source of information on different aspects of the southern marshes of Iraq and is aimed at academic scholars, environmentalists, and decision makers.

Download or read book United States and the Iraqi Marshlands written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on the Middle East and Central Asia and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a penchant for wine and women, Tyler is not the kind of man to let the law stand in his way. Rich, arrogant and spoiled, when his love of wine and cognac leads to the death of a young couple walking along a country lane, he'll do anything to avoid the consequences - including driving his car to his property in Mallorca so the English police can't examine it. When Superior Chief Salas orders all inspectors on the island to determine whether Tyler is in their area, laid-back Inspector Enrique Alvarez regards it, like all work, as an unwanted interruption to his lifestyle. He soon discovers, however, that this routine inquiry has far-reaching consequences he could never have foreseen.

Download or read book Southern Iraq s Marshes written by Laith A. Jawad and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mesopotamian marshes are important for economic, social, and biodiversity values and have been home to indigenous human communities for millennia. They are regarded as a legendary site. This multi-authored book contains chapters written by world-renowned experts in their field. Both basic and applied information are made available, making the book a must-have for a wide spectrum of users. For example, an understanding of the natural and the social aspects of the marshes, as described here, is an obvious prerequisite for a pest management plan in this area. Scholars interested in wetlands can use this book as a guide to compare different wetlands areas in Asia. The bibliography section contains valuable references to the marsh areas and research in the field. This book serves as an up-to-date comprehensive source of information on different aspects of the southern marshes of Iraq and is aimed at academic scholars, environmentalists, and decision makers.

Download or read book The Wetland Book written by C. Max Finlayson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Wetland Book is a comprehensive resource aimed at supporting the trans- and multidisciplinary research and practice which is inherent to this field. Aware both that wetlands research is on the rise and that researchers and students are often working or learning across several disciplines, The Wetland Book is a readily accessible online and print reference which will be the first port of call on key concepts in wetlands science and management. This easy-to-follow reference will allow multidisciplinary teams and transdisciplinary individuals to look up terms, access further details, read overviews on key issues and navigate to key articles selected by experts.

Download or read book Analysis of Environmental Changes in Iraqi Marshes by Remote Sensing written by Salah A. H. Saleh and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-06-05 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The marshes of Mesopotamia at the southern part of Iraq, the largest wetland in the middel east, represent a unique component of our global heritage. The area of marshes fluctuated between 15,000 to 20,000 square kilometers. The marshes cut across three Iraqi southern provinces: Misan, Dhi-Qar and Al-Basrah. The heartland of the marshes comprised three principal areas Al-Hammar, The Central and Al-Hawaizah marshes. During the last decades the Iraqi marshes subjected to many changes, these changes have great impact on marshes environmental and ecosystem. The goal of this book was to detect the environmental changes in Iraqi marshes that represented main land cover in the area for the period 1973-2004, using multi-temporal and multi-spectral satellite images. Landsat images have been used as a tool for detecting and studying land cover changes and its impact on the environment of Iraqi Marsh area

Download or read book Restoring the Garden of Eden written by Curtis J. Richardson and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Iraqi Marshlands and the Marsh Arabs written by Sam Kubba and published by Trans Pacific Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is for those wishing to develop an understanding of a cultural legacy and lifestyle that survives today only as a fragmented cultural inheritance. The book illustrates how the economy and lives of the Ma'dan (Marsh Arabs) that spans over 5000 years remained similar to the ancient practices of their Sumerian forebears.

Download or read book Jus Post Bellum written by Carsten Stahn and published by . This book was released on 2014-02 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jus post bellum is the body of international legal norms and rules of international law that applies to a post-conflict situation as it moves to a status of peace. This book provides a detailed legal analysis of all aspects of jus post bellum, and uses case studies to show its relevance to the reality of situations on the ground.

Download or read book Ecological Restoration written by Francisco A. Comín and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-02-11 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book combines theory and practice plus ideas and case studies on ecological restoration from local to global scales. Includes why and how to restore coastal zones, forests and wetlands and their economic and social interests. Practitioners, professionals, researchers and students will find useful ideas and tools for their everyday work in this book.

Download or read book The Mesopotamian Marshlands written by Hassan Partow and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book UNEP in Iraq written by United Nations Environment Programme and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 2007 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is an up-to-date compilation of the various activities undertaken by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in Iraq between 2003 and 2006. It makes an objective assessment of the impacts of UNEP's intervention and documents the lessons learnt in implementing the activities in a complex situation such as Iraq. The publication provides a significant insight into the overall success of UNEP's intervention in Iraq.

Download or read book Environmental Security and Environmental Management The Role of Risk Assessment written by Benoit Morel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-22 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of “environmental security” has emerged as one basis for understanding international conflicts. This phrase can mean a variety of things. It can signify security issues stemming from environmental concerns or conflicting needs, or it can mean that the environment is treated as a resource for the long term, and the question is what should be done today to preserve the quality of the environment in the future. In the same way that energy security is about ensuring access to energy for the long run, it can also mean that pressing environmental concerns create a situation where different countries and communities are forced to collaboratively design a unified response, even if cooperation is not generally in the logic of their relations. Over the last several years, the authors of this book and their colleagues have tried to demonstrate the power of risk assessment and decision analysis as valuable tools that decision makers should use for a broad range of environmental problems, including environmental security. Risk analysis is almost more a state of mind or a way of looking at problems than it is a kind of algorithm or a set of recipes. It projects a kind of rationality on problems and forces a certain degree of quantitative rigor, as opposed to the all too common tendency of making environmental recommendations based on anecdotal evidence.

Download or read book Circular Economy and Sustainability written by Alexandros Stefanakis and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-09-14 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of circular economy is based on strategies, practices, policies, and technologies to achieve principles related to reusing, recycling, redesigning, repurposing, remanufacturing, refurbishing, and recovering water, waste materials, and nutrients to preserve natural resources. It provides the necessary conditions to encourage economic and social actors to adopt strategies toward sustainability. However, the increasing complexity of sustainability aspects means that traditional engineering and management/economics alone cannot face the new challenes and reach the appropriate solutions. Thus, this book highlights the role of engineering and management in building a sustainable society by developing a circular economy that establishes and protects strong social and cultural structures based on cross-disciplinary knowledge and diverse skills. It includes theoretical justification, research studies, and case studies to provide researchers, practitioners, professionals, and policymakers the appropriate context to work together in promoting sustainability and circular economy thinking. Volume 1, Circular Economy and Sustainability: Management and Policy, discusses the content of circular economy principles and how they can be realized in the fields of economy, management, and policy. It gives an outline of the current status and perception of circular economy at the micro-, meso-, and macro-levels to provide a better understanding of its role to achieve sustainability. Volume 2, Circular Economy and Sustainability: Environmental Engineering, presents various technological and developmental tolls that emphasize the implementation of these principles in practice (micro-level). It demonstrates the necessity to establish a fundamental connection between sustainable engineering and circular economy. Presents a novel approach linking circular economy concept to environmental engineering and management to promote sustainability goals in modern societies Approaches the topic of production and consumption at both the micro- and macro-levels, integrating principles with practice Offers a range of theoretical and foundational knowledge in addition to case studies that demonstrate the potential impact of circular economy principles on economic and societal progress

Download or read book UNEP 2009 Annual Report written by and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: