Download or read book Universal Cyclopd ia and Atlas written by and published by . This book was released on 1903 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Johnson s Universal Cyclop dia written by Charles Kendall Adams and published by . This book was released on 1899 with total page 978 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Johnson s Universal Cyclopaedia written by and published by . This book was released on 1894 with total page 978 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Universal Cyclopaedia written by and published by . This book was released on 1900 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Johnson s Universal Cyclop dia written by and published by . This book was released on 1894 with total page 969 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Universal Cyclop dia written by and published by . This book was released on 1900 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Universal Cyclopaedia and Atlas written by and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book La Grande Encyclop die written by and published by . This book was released on 1885 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Johnson s Universal Cyclop dia written by and published by . This book was released on 1894 with total page 978 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dictionnaire G ographique Et Statistique Sur Un Plan Enti rement Nouveau written by Adrien GUIBERT and published by . This book was released on 1850 with total page 1008 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Elements of Military Art and Science written by Henry Wager Halleck and published by . This book was released on 1862 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Looks at elements of military art and science, geared towards volunteers and militia.

Download or read book The cole Royale Militaire written by Haroldo A. Guízar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-24 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the Paris Ecole Militaire as an institution, arguing for its importance as a school that presented itself as a model for reform during a key moment in the movement towards military professionalism as well as state-run secular education. The school is distinguished for being an Enlightenment project, one of its founders publishing an article on it in the Encyclopédie in 1755. Its curriculum broke completely with the Latin pedagogy of the dominant Jesuit system, while adapting the legacy of seventeenth-century riding academies. Its status touches on the nature of absolutism, as it was conceived to glorify the Bourbon dynasty in a similar way to the girls’ school at Saint Cyr and the Invalides. It was also a dispensary of royal charity calculated to ally the nobility more closely to royal interests through military service. In the army, its proofs of nobility were the model for the much debated 1781 Ségur decree, often described as a notable cause of the French Revolution.

Download or read book General Lesley J McNair written by Mark T. Calhoun and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2015-05-15 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: George C. Marshall once called him "the brains of the army." And yet General Lesley J. McNair (1883-1944), a man so instrumental to America's military preparedness and Army modernization, remains little known today, his papers purportedly lost, destroyed by his wife in her grief at his death in Normandy. This book, the product of an abiding interest and painstaking research, restores the general Army Magazine calls one of "Marshall's forgotten men" to his rightful place in American military history. Because McNair contributed so substantially to America's war preparedness, this first complete account of his extensive and varied career also leads to a reevaluation of U.S. Army effectiveness during WWII. Born halfway between the Civil War and the dawn of the 20th century, Lesley McNair–"Whitey" by his classmates for his blond hair–graduated 11th of 124 in West Point's class of 1904 and rose slowly through the ranks like all officers in the early twentieth century. He was 31 when World War I erupted, 34 and a junior officer when American troops prepared to join the fight. It was during this time, and in the interwar period that followed the end of the First World War, that McNair's considerable influence on Army doctrine and training, equipment development, unit organization, and combined arms fighting methods developed. By looking at the whole of McNair's career–not just his service in WWII as chief of staff, General Headquarters, 1940-1942, and then as commander, Army Ground Forces, 1942-1944–Calhoun reassesses the evolution and extent of that influence during the war, as well as McNair's, and the Army's, wartime performance. This in-depth study tracks the significantly positive impact of McNair's efforts in several critical areas: advanced officer education; modernization, military innovation, and technological development; the field-testing of doctrine; streamlining and pooling of assets for necessary efficiency; arduous and realistic combat training; combined arms tactics; and an increasingly mechanized and mobile force. Because McNair served primarily in staff roles throughout his career and did not command combat formations during WWII, his contribution has never received the attention given to more public–and publicized–military exploits. In its detail and scope, this first full military biography reveals the unique and valuable perspective McNair's generalship offers for the serious student of military history and leadership.

Download or read book Caste Class and Profession in Old Regime France written by David D. Bien and published by Centre for French History and Culture of University of St. Andrews. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in French in 1974, David D. Bien's essay on the nature of nobility in old regime France pivoted around the 1781 "Ségur regulation" that required four generations of nobility for most officers entering the army. Once seen as a classic manifestation of the so-called "aristocratic reaction" against commoners, the loi Ségur, in Bien's deft analysis, instead emerges as a telling sign of tensions within an increasingly divided nobility. While exploding crude myths about class conflict and its causative role in the Revolution, Bien mounts a strong case for viewing eighteenth-century social tensions as the product of professional identity as much as social class. This study is presented here for the first time in English with a short preface by Rafe Blaufarb, and a wide-ranging introduction by Jay M. Smith that places Bien's work in the wider context of historical thinking over the past half-century on the origins of the French Revolution.

Download or read book Conscripts and Deserters written by Alan I. Forrest and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1989 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between the outbreak of war with Austria in 1792 and Napoleon's final debacle in 1814, France remained almost continously at war, recruiting in the process some two to three million frenchmen--a level of recruitment unknown to previous generations and widely resented as an attack on the liberties of rural communities. Forrest challenges the notion of a nation heroically rushing to arms by examining the massive rates of desertion and avoidance of service as well as their consequences on French society--on military campaigns and the morale of armies, on political opinion at home, on the social fabric of local villages, and on the Napoleonic dream of bringing about a coherent and centralized state.

Download or read book Armies and Ecosystems in Premodern Europe written by Sander Govaerts and published by . This book was released on 2021-04-30 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using the ecosystem concept as his starting point, the author examines the complex relationship between premodern armed forces and their environment at three levels: landscapes, living beings, and diseases. The study focuses on Europe's Meuse Region, well-known among historians of war as a battleground between France and Germany. By analyzing soldiers' long-term interactions with nature, this book engages with current debates about the ecological impact of the military, and provides new impetus for contemporary armed forces to make greater effort to reduce their environmental footprint.

Download or read book Toward a Secure and Stable Northern Mali written by Stéphanie Pézard and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2012 conflict in northern Mali has shown that many assumptions about Mali's political stability, internal cohesion, and military capabilities were deeply flawed. The January 2013 French-led military intervention scattered the insurgents, but the conditions and drivers that brought about the crisis in the first place have yet to be addressed. This report is intended to assist with the post-conflict planning in northern Mali by examining the historical, economic, and social factors that drive conflict in northern Mali and the different groups that have been involved in the conflict. The authors argue that, in the absence of a large international presence, durable security in northern Mali will have to be provided, to a large extent, by local actors. The authors draw on historical examples of rebellions in Mali since 1916 to show how detailed knowledge of the different local actors and their political dynamics can help in finding solutions that will bring lasting security and stability to the region.