Download or read book Earnings Occupational Choice and Mobility in Segmented Labor Markets of India written by Shahidur R. Khandker and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper, using labor market survey data from Bombay, attempts to identify factors that determine men's and women's earnings, occupational choices, and mobility in segmented labor markets of India. The paper develops a model that considers three categories of labor - protected wage, unprotected wage, and self-employment - representing three different forms of labor market segmentation according to the type of labor contract and job vulnerability. The results indicate the presence of labor market segmentation; however, human capital variables such as education and training have important influence on both sectoral job allocation and worker's income and occupational mobility. Thus, policies directed to raise the productive capacity and employment levels of the poor may help alleviate poverty. The labor market outcomes, however, vary by gender. Women are less paid, less mobile, and are more prevalent in the unprotected wage sector than men. Men have higher education and so can more easily move to the protected wage employment than women. Men have better access to credit than women; thus, self-employed women are more constrained by lack of capital than self-employed men in raising their productivity.
Download or read book Labor Force Participation Sectoral Choice and Earnings in Conakry Guinea written by Peter Glick and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Current Bibliographical Information written by Dag Hammarskjöld Library and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Migration In East And Southeast Asia written by Samuel C Y Ku and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-10-07 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been an undisputed increase in the importance of migration over the past decades. It is one of the effects of an increasingly globalized world, where capitalism and free trade are gaining prominence. Migration in East and Southeast Asia aims to bring migration-related problems in Asia to the forefront. The first part of the book deals with migration in Greater China, a region influenced by Confucianism. The 'three Chinas' used to have a close connection in the past, and presently share much similarity. The Hong Kongese and Taiwanese societies are based on migration from Mainland China. However, each society has endured significant social, economic, and political changes. The second part of the book offers a closer look at migration flows in Southeast Asia. Most of the intra-ASEAN migration involves low-skilled labor for construction, agriculture, and domestic work. This book hopes to offer valuable insights into various topics related to migration in the region.
Download or read book Labor Markets and Employment Relationships written by Joyce Jacobsen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This innovative text grounds the economic analysis of labor markets and employment relationships in a unified theoretical treatment of labor exchange conditions. In addition to providing thorough coverage of standard topics including labor supply and demand, human capital theory, and compensating wage differentials, the text draws on game theory and the economics of information to study the implications of key departures from perfectly competitive labor market conditions. Analytical results are consistently applied to contemporary policy issues and empirical debates. Provides a coherent theoretical framework for the analysis of labor market phenomena Features graphical in-chapter analysis supplemented by technical material in appendices Incorporates numerous end-of-chapter questions that engage the analysis and anticipate subsequent results Includes innovative chapters on employee compensation methods, market segmentation, income inequality and labor market dynamics Balances theoretical, empirical and policy analysis
Download or read book Developing Effective Employment Services written by David Fretwell and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Employment services promote the efficient allocation of labor by, among other things, promoting labor mobility and improving productivity. This paper assesses the cost- effectiveness of services designed to expedite the exchange of labor between job-seekers and employers. The authors find that the benefits of employment services are not uniform. Benefits may be reduced in small countries with a large informal sector, or when the economy is stagnant and the demand for labor is depressed (even though the need for the services may be greater under such conditions). The authors advocate a balance between public and private sector delivery of employment services. They favor opening the private market for what they term support services, which increase productivity and include income support and retraining. Such support services are distinct from what the authors call core services, provision of which they believe is properly left to the public sector. Core services to assist job-seekers include job-placement services, relocation assistance, counseling, and skills assessment. The authors find that core services are cost-effective and that public sector providers can ensure that such services are delivered to unemployed, low-skilled, or semiskilled workers whose needs may not be met by the private sector. The paper reviews the justification for and development of employment services over time and compares various approaches to the provision of such services. It reviews the various types of employment services and examines the differences between public and private sector delivery.
Download or read book Proceedings of a Conference on Currency Substitution and Currency Boards written by Nissan Liviatan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eighteen well-known policymakers and economists discuss the rising use of currency substitution in Latin America. They examine the effects of currency boards on substitute currencies and on national stabilization programs. Latin American countries including Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, and Uruguay increasingly use dollars as a substitute for domestic currency. The experts debate whether the region should encourage or resist this trend. Topics include the effects of substitution on inflation, liquidity, and exchange rates. The discussions on Argentina, Peru, and Brazil focus on the ways in which currency boards have affected stabilization in these countries. They consider whether such boards can strengthen fiscal discipline and speed economic adjustment. A currency board issues money that is converted into a foreign reserve currency at a fixed exchange rate. This independent institution takes over the central bank's role as the sole issuer of base money. It also manages the exchange rate to keep the currency stable and convertible.
Download or read book Natural Gas in Developing Countries written by John Homer and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1993 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes how to run a sound and efficient bank in a liberalized financial environment. Also available: Banking Institutions in Developing Markets. Volume 2: Interpreting Financial Statements Chris J. Barltrop and Diana McNaughton 152 pages / (ISBN 0-8213-2218-4) / Stock No. 12218 / $20.00 / Price code S2
Download or read book The Building Blocks of Participation written by Michael M. Cernea and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Examines how a capacity for mobilizing community participation can be built into a project's design and staffing. This paper answers that question by analyzing, step-by-step, one case rich in experience: the decentralization project in Mexico and its predecessor, the PIDER (Programa Integral para el Desarrollo Rural) program. The time span of this series of projects stretches from the early 1970s to the early 1990s"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 57.
Download or read book Macro Economics written by Martha Gutierrez and published by Zed Books. This book was released on 2003-03 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description
Download or read book The Diversity of Muslim Women s Lives in India written by Zoya Hasan and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to broaden the lens through which Muslim women are typically seen, a group of researchers in India carried out a large and unprecedented study of one of the most disadvantaged sections of Indian society. The editors of The Diversity of Muslim Women's Lives in India bring together this research in a comprehensive collection of informative and revealing case studies.
Download or read book Borrower Ownership of Adjustment Programs and the Political Economy of Reform written by John H. Johnson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China has done much to reform its price system, achieve macroeconomic stability, and restore growth. Nevertheless, price distortions remain in three key areas. This study suggests further price reforms for the energy, grain, and transport sectors. It explains why energy price adjustments should have only a modest effect on consumer prices, but a highly positive effect on the economy. It discusses why China may have to reduce consumer subsidies to achieve the necessary reforms for grain prices. The study describes what the government must do to strengthen commodity markets, generate competition, and make allowances for seasonal price variations. China's transport sector has been a critical development bottleneck. The paper reviews tariff adjustments and other reforms that would modernize the transport system and help it meet growing demand. These reforms also would encourage energy conservation and help integrate the national economy.
Download or read book Office of Research Working Paper written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Korean Industrial Policy written by Danny M. Leipziger and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1993 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Bank is changing the way it does business in the energy sector. This Policy Paper is one of two that outlines the Bank's new policies for the sector. The review was prompted by concern about the effects of power generation on the environment and on populations that may be resettled to make way for projects. Another stimulus was the macroeceonomic reality of fewer investment resources in many countries. And many developing countries are becoming more receptive to reforming the way energy is produced and consumed. This paper credits the public monopoly approach of the last 30 years with facilitating expansion of power supplies, capturing technical economies of scale, and making effective use of scarce managerial and technical skills. Nonetheless, it recommends several new policies to improve the performance of the electric power sector in developing countries. These reforms will guide future Bank activities in the sector. Bank loans for electric power will go first to countries clearly committed to improving the performance of their power sectors. The Bank will also discourage subsidies on energy prices and will encourage private investment in utilities. And it will provide financing to help the least developed countries import power where local generation is not practical. The efficiency of production and use of electric power in developing countries is examined in a companion paper, Energy Efficiency and Conservation in the Developing World: The World Banks Role . The World Bank's Role in the Electric Power Sector is also available in Spanish: La funcion del Banco Mundial en el sector de la electricidad. Politicas para efectuar una reforma institucional, regulatoria, y financieria eficaz. (ISBN 0-8213-2451-9) / Stock No. 12451 / $7.95 / Price code 007 / Spanis
Download or read book Making Motherhood Safe written by Anne G. Tinker and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection reviews national policies that critically influence economic performance in developing countries. It describes principles that shape good economic policy and illustrates them with case studies. In an overview that draws together insights from the essays, the volume editor explains why poor countries need sound government policies to offset unfavorable conditions, including scant natural resources, adverse problems that occur with monetary and exchange rate policies and financial sector reform. The basic rules for monetary policy in an open economy are developed along with the different ways in which financial reform and financial repression affect an economy. Practical ways to deal with foreign exchange markets are described. They include such arrangements as multiple exchange rates for commercial transactions and dual rates that separate commercial and financial transactions. Also examined are the ways in which trade liberalization and trade restrictions impede economic development. Advice is given on developing a uniform structure that balances the administration of taxes with the efficiency of a tax structure. The book examines the relationship between budget deficits and money creation and suggests management strategies for developing sound economic policy that include advice on inflation control, international trade, import restrictions, income tax rates, and price and wage controls. Published for the World Bank by Oxford University Press.
Download or read book Civil Service Reform and the World Bank written by Barbara Nunberg and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Surveys the World Bank's experience in supporting developing country civil service reforms and begins to assess the progress made. The World Bank recognizes the importance of the civil service to the general welfare of the 4.6 billion people in low and middle income countries. Between 1981 and 1991, civil service reform was a prominent feature of 90 World Bank lending operations. This paper surveys the Bank's experience in supporting this reform and assesses the progress made. The lending operations concentrated on two separate dimensions: (1) Shorter-term, emergency steps to reform public pay and employment policies, which center on measures to contain the cost and the size of the civil service (2) longer-term civil service strengthening efforts directed toward ongoing, sustained management improvements. After examining the record of these reforms, the authors conclude that the results have been mixed at best. They recommend greater emphasis on devising a coherent, far-reaching strategy for reform and on detailing the set of tactics by which these goals will be achieved.
Download or read book Information Technology in World Bank Lending written by Nagy Hanna and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study describes a strategy to reduce poverty by boosting labor productivity and economic growth. It focuses on Uganda's two key sectors, agriculture and industry. The strategy seeks to make Uganda a self-sufficient food producer and a major crop exporter. It also advocates policies that would make the nation less dependent on imports and better at marketing its own products. Some suggestions include ways to improve labor markets, raise agricultural output, and broaden the tax base. Other recommendationsdiscuss ways to develop the financial sector and spur savings and investment. Also examined are the government's economic adjustment policies and their effects on the poor. Analysts point out the different ways that poverty affects men and women. The study also discusses how to increase public funds for social services that would improve the labor force. It recommends policies that will help women become full partners in Uganda's development. Tables and other illustrations throughout the text provide detailed statistics on Uganda's economic status. Topics include crop yields, poverty indicators, gross domestic product, and public sector expenses.
