Download or read book Early Signaling in the Rhizobium legume Symbiosis written by Maria Jose Soto and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-22 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation written by P. Graham and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past three decades there has been a large amount of research on biological nitrogen fixation, in part stimulated by increasing world prices of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and environmental concerns. In the last several years, research on plant--microbe interactions, and symbiotic and asymbiotic nitrogen fixation has become truly interdisciplinary in nature, stimulated to some degree by the use of modern genetic techniques. These methodologies have allowed us to make detailed analyses of plant and bacterial genes involved in symbiotic processes and to follow the growth and persistence of the root-nodule bacteria and free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soils. Through the efforts of a large number of researchers we now have a better understanding of the ecology of rhizobia, environmental parameters affecting the infection and nodulation process, the nature of specificity, the biochemistry of host plants and microsymbionts, and chemical signalling between symbiotic partners. This volume gives a summary of current research efforts and knowledge in the field of biological nitrogen fixation. Since the research field is diverse in nature, this book presents a collection of papers in the major research area of physiology and metabolism, genetics, evolution, taxonomy, ecology, and international programs.
Download or read book Regulation of Nitrogen Fixing Symbioses in Legumes written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-02-01 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nitrogen-Fixing Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis, Volume 94, the latest release in the Advances in Botanical Research series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on The diversity of legume-rhizobium symbioses, Parasponia; an evolutionary outlier of rhizobium symbiosis, Rhizobium diversity in the light of evolution, Genomes of rhizobia, Gene regulation by extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors in alpha-rhizobia, Early symbiotic signaling between Plant and Bacteria, Rhizobia infection, a journey to the inside of plant cells, Differentiation of symbiotic nodule cells and their rhizobium endosymbionts, Nodule Organogenesis, Nitrogen Fixation by the Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis, and much more. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Advances in Botanical Research series Updated release includes the latest information on the Nitrogen-Fixing Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis
Download or read book Technical Handbook on Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1993 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: General information on the symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Isolation, identification and counting of rhizobia. Production of an inoculant and inoculation of legumes. Experiments.
Download or read book Intersection of Salt Signaling With Nodule Initiation and Maturation During Medicago Truncatula Sinorhizobium Meliloti Symbiosis written by Sanhita Chakraborty and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Legumes contribute significantly to sustainable agriculture because of their high protein content. This intrinsic nitrogen is the product of a mutualistic association between their roots, and a group of soil bacteria, collectively known as rhizobia. The rhizobium-legume symbiosis is a complex developmental process that involves rhizobial entry and differentiation, coupled in space and time, with the development of a root organ (the nodule) and is subject to modulation by environmental factors. Salt stress is a strong negative regulator of rhizobium-legume symbiosis, but despite its agricultural impact, the mechanism of salt regulation of rhizobium-legume symbiosis is poorly understood. This dissertation addresses this issue with focus on early rhizobium-legume signaling and maturation of nodules, using the model legume Medicago truncatula. The rhizobium-legume symbiosis is initiated with a molecular dialogue between the symbiotic partners, followed by the entry of rhizobia inside the host. These processes are under tight genetic regulation and involve the symbiotic induction of several host genes. I used a candidate gene-approach to locate the temporal intersection of salt and rhizobium-legume signaling and found that the ionic component of salinity hyperinduces Early Nodulin 11 (ENOD11) and ERF Required for Nodulation 1 (ERN1). I also found that the hyperinduction of ENOD11 requires two symbiotic rhizobial signals- Nod factors (NF) and succinoglycan and the host transcription factor Nodulation Signaling Pathway 2 (NSP2). In order to explore the possibility of an extensive transcriptional re-programming during rhizobium-legume signaling in the presence of salinity, I profiled the host root transcriptome and discovered strong transcriptional upregulation by salt, of several host genes associated with NF perception, rhizobial infection and ubiquitination. Curiously, I found that the hyperinduction of these genes correlate with an inhibition of rhizobial entry into the host. These findings highlight that early rhizobium-legume signaling and rhizobial colonization of the host are under tight transcriptional regulation of the host. Despite the early inhibition of infection, few nodules develop under salt stress. However, these nodules are morphologically abnormal, indicating that salinity must interfere with nodule maturation, a prerequisite for nitrogen fixation. Consistent with the theme of early symbiotic signaling, I found host genes involved during the early stages of nodule differentiation to remain highly expressed in nodules that developed under salt stress, suggesting a delay in maturation. This inference was further corroborated when I found that genes associated with the later stages of nodule development and nitrogen fixation showed decreased expression in the presence of salt. Additionally, I observed that this developmental shift of nodules under salinity was associated with differential accumulation of osmolytes, such as, proline betaine and homostachydrine in the salt-stressed nodules. Together, my work provides a mechanistic understanding of the intersection between nodulation and salt signaling, a question of major agricultural impact.
Download or read book Co Evolution of Secondary Metabolites written by Jean-Michel Mérillon and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-02-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Reference Work is devoted to plant secondary metabolites and their evolutionary adaptation to different hosts and pests. Secondary metabolites play an important biological role in plants’ defence against herbivores, abiotic stresses and pathogens, and they also attract beneficial organisms such as pollinators. In this work, readers will find a comprehensive review of the phytochemical diversity, modification and adaptation of secondary metabolites, and the consequences of their co-evolution with plant parasites, pollinators, and herbivores. Chapters from expert contributors are organised into twelve sections that collate the current knowledge in intra-/inter-specific diversity in plant secondary metabolites, changes in secondary metabolites during plants’ adaptation to different environmental conditions, and co-evolution of host-parasite metabolites. Among the twelve themed parts, readers will also discover expert analysis on the genetics and chemical ecology evolution of secondary metabolites, and particular attention is also given to allelochemicals, bioactive molecules in plant defence and the evolution of sensory perception in vertebrates. This reference work will appeal to students, researchers and professionals interested in the field of plant pathology, plant breeding, biotechnology, agriculture and phytochemistry.
Download or read book Analysis of Signal Transduction During the Rhizobium legume Symbiosis Using Transgenic Plants written by Ulrike Mathesius and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Signals in the Early Rhizobium legume Interaction written by Sebastianus Antonius Johannes Zaat and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nod Factor Signaling and Infection in Rhizobium legume Symbiosis written by Patrick Smit and published by . This book was released on 2007* with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Gene Expression in Early Stages of Rhizobium legume Symbiosis written by Ton Gloudemans and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Frankia Symbiosis written by P. Normand and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 12th meeting on Frankia and Actinorhizal Plants that took place in Carry-le-Rouet, France in June 2001 was the opportunity for scientists to communicate about latest developments on this symbiosis that concerns a wide range of dicotyledonous plants, initiates ecological successions and is used in a number of countries to protect crops from winds or improve soil status. Selected papers on plant ecology, Frankia's genetics or physiology, and host plants' genetics or physiology are published in this special Plant & Soil issue.
Download or read book Microbes for Legume Improvement written by Almas Zaidi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-09 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents in-depth insights into strategies involving plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), including symbiotic/asymbiotic nitrogen fixers and associative/endophyte bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing microbes, as well as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their active biomolecules in legume production. It also examines the latest research findings on the taxonomic status of rhizobia and signal molecules affecting rhizobia-legume symbiosis to improve readers’ understanding of the cultivation of legumes in conventional and derelict soil. The agronomically important microflora broadly discussed have offered solutions to some of the problems associated with expensive fertilizers used in many production systems. This second edition provides an overview of metal toxicity to legumes and presents strategies for the abatement of metal toxicity to legumes. Aimed at professionals, practitioners, researchers and graduate students in microbiology, crop sciences, soil microbiology, biotechnology and environmental microbiology, the book focuses on the basic concepts and practical aspects of useful soil microbiota in legume production.
Download or read book The Rhizobiaceae written by Herman P. Spaink and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Rhizobiaceae, Molecular Biology of Model Plant-Associated Bacteria. This book gives a comprehensive overview on our present molecular biological knowledge about the Rhizobiaceae, which currently can be called the best-studied family of soil bacteria. For many centuries they have attracted the attention of scientists because of their capacity to associate with plants and as a consequence also to specifically modify plant development. Some of these associations are beneficial for the plant, as is the case for the Rhizobiaceae subgroups collectively called rhizobia, which are able to fix nitrogen in a symbiosis with the plant hosts. This symbiosis results in the fonnation of root or stem nodules, as illustrated on the front cover. In contrast, several Rhizobiaceae subgroups can negatively affect plant development and evoke plant diseases. Examples are Agrobacterium tumefaciens andA. rhizogenes which induce the formation of crown galls or hairy roots on the stems of their host plants, respectively (bottom panels on front cover). In addition to the obvious importance of studies on the Rhizobiaceae for agronomy, this research field has resulted in the discovery of many fundamental scientific principles of general interest, which are highlighted in this book. To mention three examples: (i) the discovery of DNA transfer of A.
Download or read book Early Signaling in the Establishment of Beneficial Plant microbe Symbioses written by Audrey Kate Kalil and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Yields of rice, corn and wheat have tripled over the second half of the twentieth century. Much of that yield increase was due to the availability of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer, however, their widespread use is not environmentally sustainable. Beneficial plant-microbe symbioses can reduce the need for fertilizer. Rhizobia bacteria provide nitrogen to their legume hosts and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can improve plant nutrient acquisition. The formation of these symbioses is mediated by the production of lipo-chito-oligosaccharide molecules called Nod factors in rhizobia and Myc factors in AM fungi, as well as the production of chitin oligomers by AM fungi. Perception of Nod factors by the host plant root requires nuclear ion channels and specific nucleoporin proteins. Using transmission electron microscopy and immuno-localization, I found that these nucleoporins are required for proper localization of the symbiotic nuclear ion channels, revealing a critical role for nuclear trafficking in the establishment of beneficial symbioses. While cereals cannot form nitrogen fixing associations with rhizobia, their interaction with AM fungi suggests that they may be able to perceive and respond to Nod factors. Rhizobium sp. IRBG74 can endophytically colonize cereal roots. Using Rhizobium sp. IRBG74 strains containing mutations in genes associated with Nod factor production, we revealed that chitin oligomers are important for root surface attachment and internal root colonization in a host dependent manner. Symbiotic processes and root growth in rice are stimulated by chitin oligomers, Myc factors, and Rhizobium sp. IRBG74 Nod factors, suggesting that these signaling molecules facilitate symbiotic interactions in cereals. Manipulation of AM and rhizobial interactions in cereals for enhanced nutrient uptake will require knowledge of the host genetics regulating these interactions. Using transcriptomic analysis of rice treated with AM spore exudates, chitin oligomers, Myc factors, and Rhizobium sp. IRBG74 Nod factors, I found that Rhizobium sp. IRBG74 Nod factors were most similar to AM spore exudates in transcriptomic responses. Taken together, these studies clarify the relative role that Nod factors, Myc factors, and chitin oligomers play in mediating associations of plants with rhizobia and AM fungi, and reveal s specific function of nucleoporin proteins during symbiosis.
Download or read book Early Signaling in the Establishment of Beneficial Plant microbe Symbioses written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Yields of rice, corn and wheat have tripled over the second half of the twentieth century. Much of that yield increase was due to the availability of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer, however, their widespread use is not environmentally sustainable. Beneficial plant-microbe symbioses can reduce the need for fertilizer. Rhizobia bacteria provide nitrogen to their legume hosts and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can improve plant nutrient acquisition. The formation of these symbioses is mediated by the production of lipo-chito-oligosaccharide molecules called Nod factors in rhizobia and Myc factors in AM fungi, as well as the production of chitin oligomers by AM fungi. Perception of Nod factors by the host plant root requires nuclear ion channels and specific nucleoporin proteins. Using transmission electron microscopy and immuno-localization, I found that these nucleoporins are required for proper localization of the symbiotic nuclear ion channels, revealing a critical role for nuclear trafficking in the establishment of beneficial symbioses. While cereals cannot form nitrogen fixing associations with rhizobia, their interaction with AM fungi suggests that they may be able to perceive and respond to Nod factors. Rhizobium sp. IRBG74 can endophytically colonize cereal roots. Using Rhizobium sp. IRBG74 strains containing mutations in genes associated with Nod factor production, we revealed that chitin oligomers are important for root surface attachment and internal root colonization in a host dependent manner. Symbiotic processes and root growth in rice are stimulated by chitin oligomers, Myc factors, and Rhizobium sp. IRBG74 Nod factors, suggesting that these signaling molecules facilitate symbiotic interactions in cereals. Manipulation of AM and rhizobial interactions in cereals for enhanced nutrient uptake will require knowledge of the host genetics regulating these interactions. Using transcriptomic analysis of rice treated with AM spore exudates, chitin oligomers, Myc factors, and Rhizobium sp. IRBG74 Nod factors, I found that Rhizobium sp. IRBG74 Nod factors were most similar to AM spore exudates in transcriptomic responses. Taken together, these studies clarify the relative role that Nod factors, Myc factors, and chitin oligomers play in mediating associations of plants with rhizobia and AM fungi, and reveal s specific function of nucleoporin proteins during symbiosis.
Download or read book Molecular Plant Abiotic Stress written by Aryadeep Roychoudhury and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-06-13 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A close examination of current research on abiotic stresses in various plant species The unpredictable environmental stress conditions associated with climate change are significant challenges to global food security, crop productivity, and agricultural sustainability. Rapid population growth and diminishing resources necessitate the development of crops that can adapt to environmental extremities. Although significant advancements have been made in developing plants through improved crop breeding practices and genetic manipulation, further research is necessary to understand how genes and metabolites for stress tolerance are modulated, and how cross-talk and regulators can be tuned to achieve stress tolerance. Molecular Plant Abiotic Stress: Biology and Biotechnology is an extensive investigation of the various forms of abiotic stresses encountered in plants, and susceptibility or tolerance mechanisms found in different plant species. In-depth examination of morphological, anatomical, biochemical, molecular and gene expression levels enables plant scientists to identify the different pathways and signaling cascades involved in stress response. This timely book: Covers a wide range of abiotic stresses in multiple plant species Provides researchers and scientists with transgenic strategies to overcome stress tolerances in several plant species Compiles the most recent research and up-to-date data on stress tolerance Examines both selective breeding and genetic engineering approaches to improving plant stress tolerances Written and edited by prominent scientists and researchers from across the globe Molecular Plant Abiotic Stress: Biology and Biotechnology is a valuable source of information for students, academics, scientists, researchers, and industry professionals in fields including agriculture, botany, molecular biology, biochemistry and biotechnology, and plant physiology.
Download or read book Advances in Biology and Ecology of Nitrogen Fixation written by Takuji Ohyama and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2014-01-29 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological nitrogen fixation has essential role in N cycle in global ecosystem. Several types of nitrogen fixing bacteria are recognized: the free-living bacteria in soil or water; symbiotic bacteria making root nodules in legumes or non-legumes; associative nitrogen fixing bacteria that resides outside the plant roots and provides fixed nitrogen to the plants; endophytic nitrogen fixing bacteria living in the roots, stems and leaves of plants. In this book there are 11 chapters related to biological nitrogen fixation, regulation of legume-rhizobium symbiosis, and agriculture and ecology of biological nitrogen fixation, including new models for autoregulation of nodulation in legumes, endophytic nitrogen fixation in sugarcane or forest trees, etc. Hopefully, this book will contribute to biological, ecological, and agricultural sciences.
