Download or read book EARLY RECOGNITION OF A SOLAR FLARE I X RAY BURSTS written by Boulder Laboratories (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Early Detection of a Solar Flare written by Richard Frank Donnelly and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar X-ray, extreme ultraviolet, H[alpha] and radio emission were studies to determine what solar radiation is best suited for an automatic flare alarm system aboard a satellite for the detection of the start of a solar flare. Although hard X-rays ([lambda] “1 Å), centimeter-wavelength solar radio bursts, and flashes at certain EUV wavelengths usually have faster rise times and peak earlier than soft X-rays in the 2-16 Å range, the data available to date show that on the average the start time of the 2-16 Å X-rays occurs earlier than the start times for these other types of data. The early start times and large percentage increase of 2-16 Å X-rays make this radiation the best suited for the automatic detection of solar flares for the present state of the art of solar radiation measurements.
Download or read book Early Detection of a Solar Flare written by Richard Frank Donnelly and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physics of Geomagnetic Phenomena written by S. Matsushita and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-06-03 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physics of Geomagnetic phenomena, Volume I covers the significant advances in geomagnetism and the penetrations into the generation of geomagnetic field phenomena. This volume is composed of three chapters. Chapter I deals briefly with the discovery and developments in geomagnetism, followed by discussions on some fundamental topics of the field, including the aurora and geomagnetic storms. This chapter also considers the instruments, geomagnetic stations, and the correlations between geomagnetic indices. Chapter II describes the magnetic properties of minerals and various processes of acquisition of remanent magnetization. This chapter also provides palaeomagnetic data for the direction and intensity of the geomagnetic field in ancient times. Chapter III explores geomagnetic variations caused by solar flares and eclipses. This book will prove useful to physicists, students in upper atmospheric and space topics, and scientists in allied fields with a background in geomagnetism.
Download or read book Detection and Classification of Solar X ray Flares Using VLF Phase and Amplitude Information written by Paul A. Kossey and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An extensive data base consisting of VLF records for 130 different propagation paths over a 2-year period was analyzed statistically to study the correlation of VLF propagation changes with solar X-ray events recorded by satellites. Results of the study indicate that with reasonable restrictions on path illumination conditions, it is possible to detect and classify solar X-ray flares, in near realtime, by proper interpretation of VLF phase and amplitude variations. A method of calibrating VLF paths for this purpose is discussed, and a possible global network of receiving stations capable of 24-hr per day monitoring of solar X-rays is described.
Download or read book Solar Flare X Ray Burst on 28 September 1961 written by K. A. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance three flare of 28 September 1961 was exceptionally intense in its production of H alpha light. It also emitted a burst of X-rays observed by high-altitude, balloon-borne detectors. The burst had a small precursor, a very rapid ris, and a three component d cay. The main part of the burst is interpre ed as being made up of three separate pulses. The X-ray burst shows two remarkable associations with the flare's radio noise emission: (1) Microwave bursts at the highest radio frequencies coincide precisely in time with precursor and the main peak. (2) Groups of type III bursts occur at or near the time of discontinuities in the decay of the X-ray burst and thus are associated with the leading edges of the three energetic electron pulses whose bremsstrahlung constitutes the observed X-ray flux. The appearance of both type III radiation originating in the corona at about 100,000 Km and bremsstrahlung X-rays which c nnot reasonably b produced above roughly 5000-Km height in the chromosphere gives strong evidence that energetic electrons undergo large scale otions in the solar atmosphere during chromospheric flares. A detailed analysis of the spectral time variation shows that the sol r electrons ust spend most of t eir time above the 10,000-Km level. (Author).
Download or read book Statistical Study of the Correlation of Hard X Ray and Type 3 Radio Bursts in Solar Flares written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-11 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large number of hard X-ray events which were recorded by the Hard X-Ray Burst Spectrometer (HXRBS) on the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) during the maximum of the 21st solar cycle (circa 1980) are analyzed in order to study their statistical correlation with type 3 bursts. The earlier finding by Kane (1981) are confirmed qualitatively that flares with stronger hard X-ray emission, especially those with harder spectra, are more likely to produce a type 3 burst. The observed distribution of hard X-ray and type 3 events and their correlations are shown to be satisfactorily described by a bivariate distribution consistent with the assumption of statistical linear dependence of X-ray and radio burst intensities. From this analysis it was determined that the distribution of the ratio of X-ray intensity (in counts/s) to type 3 intensity (in solar flux units) which has a wide range and a typical value for this ratio of about 10. The implications of the results for impulsive phase models are discussed. Hamilton, Russell J. and Petrosian, Vahe Unspecified Center NSF ATM-87-05084; NSG-7092...
Download or read book The Complete Hard X Ray Burst Spectrometer Event List 1980 1989 written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-04 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This event list is a comprehensive reference for all Hard X ray bursts detected with the Hard X Ray Burst Spectrometer on the Solar Maximum Mission from the time of launch on Feb. 14, 1980 to the end of the mission in Dec. 1989. Some 12,776 events were detected in the energy range 30 to 600 keV with the vast majority being solar flares. This list includes the start time, peak time, duration, and peak rate of each event. Dennis, B. R. and Orwig, L. E. and Kennard, G. S. and Labow, G. J. and Schwartz, R. A. and Shaver, A. R. and Tolbert, A. K. Goddard Space Flight Center NASA-TM-4332, NAS 1.15:4332, REPT-92B00009 ...
Download or read book The Sun as a Guide to Stellar Physics written by Oddbjørn Engvold and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sun as a Guide to Stellar Physics illustrates the significance of the Sun in understanding stars through an examination of the discoveries and insights gained from solar physics research. Ranging from theories to modeling and from numerical simulations to instrumentation and data processing, the book provides an overview of what we currently understand and how the Sun can be a model for gaining further knowledge about stellar physics. Providing both updates on recent developments in solar physics and applications to stellar physics, this book strengthens the solar–stellar connection and summarizes what we know about the Sun for the stellar, space, and geophysics communities. Applies observations, theoretical understanding, modeling capabilities and physical processes first revealed by the sun to the study of stellar physics Illustrates how studies of Proxima Solaris have led to progress in space science, stellar physics and related fields Uses characteristics of solar phenomena as a guide for understanding the physics of stars
Download or read book Solar Observations written by F. Sánchez and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Canary Islands Winter School Workshop in which four internationally respected scientists write on solar physics.
Download or read book Solar Energetic Particles written by Donald V. Reames and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-10 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise primer introduces the non-specialist reader to the physics of solar energetic particles (SEP) and systematically reviews the evidence for the two main mechanisms which lead to the so-called impulsive and gradual SEP events. More specifically, the timing of the onsets, the longitude distributions, the high-energy spectral shapes, the correlations with other solar phenomena (e.g. coronal mass ejections), as well as the all-important elemental and isotopic abundances of SEPs are investigated. Impulsive SEP events are related to magnetic reconnection in solar flares and jets. The concept of shock acceleration by scattering on self-amplified Alfvén waves is introduced, as is the evidence of reacceleration of impulsive-SEP material in the seed population accessed by the shocks in gradual events. The text then develops processes of transport of ions out to an observer. Finally, a new technique to determine the source plasma temperature in both impulsive and gradual events is demonstrated. Last but not least the role of SEP events as a radiation hazard in space is mentioned and a short discussion of the nature of the main particle telescope designs that have contributed to most of the SEP measurements is given.
Download or read book The Solar Dynamics Observatory written by Phillip Chamberlin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-05-05 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is dedicated to the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which was launched 11 February 2010. The articles focus on the spacecraft and its instruments: the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), the Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE), and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI). Articles within also describe calibration results and data processing pipelines that are critical to understanding the data and products, concluding with a description of the successful Education and Public Outreach activities. This book is geared towards anyone interested in using the unprecedented data from SDO, whether for fundamental heliophysics research, space weather modeling and forecasting, or educational purposes. Previously published in Solar Physics journal, Vol. 275/1-2, 2012. Selected articles in this book are published open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license at link.springer.com. For further details, please see the license information in the chapters.
Download or read book A Review of Some Ionospheric Studies Based on a High frequency Doppler Technique written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Many Faces of the Sun written by Keith T. Strong and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A decade of observations of the Sun with NASAs Solar Maximum Mission satellite has led to important discoveries in solar and atomic physics. This book presents the first comprehensive review of these results in a single volume, providing a snapshot of the current state of knowledge of solar physics. Chapters provide insight into the structure, composition and activity of the Sun, with coverage of topics such as solar flares, variations in the solar irradiance, coronal mass ejections, and spectroscopy.
Download or read book Cosmic Rays at Earth written by P.K.F. Grieder and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-07-27 with total page 1117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1912 Victor Franz Hess made the revolutionary discovery that ionizing radiation is incident upon the Earth from outer space. He showed with ground-based and balloon-borne detectors that the intensity of the radiation did not change significantly between day and night. Consequently, the sun could not be regarded as the sources of this radiation and the question of its origin remained unanswered. Today, almost one hundred years later the question of the origin of the cosmic radiation still remains a mystery.Hess' discovery has given an enormous impetus to large areas of science, in particular to physics, and has played a major role in the formation of our current understanding of universal evolution. For example, the development of new fields of research such as elementary particle physics, modern astrophysics and cosmology are direct consequences of this discovery. Over the years the field of cosmic ray research has evolved in various directions: Firstly, the field of particle physics that was initiated by the discovery of many so-called elementary particles in the cosmic radiation. There is a strong trend from the accelerator physics community to reenter the field of cosmic ray physics, now under the name of astroparticle physics. Secondly, an important branch of cosmic ray physics that has rapidly evolved in conjunction with space exploration concerns the low energy portion of the cosmic ray spectrum. Thirdly, the branch of research that is concerned with the origin, acceleration and propagation of the cosmic radiation represents a great challenge for astrophysics, astronomy and cosmology. Presently very popular fields of research have rapidly evolved, such as high-energy gamma ray and neutrino astronomy. In addition, high-energy neutrino astronomy may soon initiate as a likely spin-off neutrino tomography of the Earth and thus open a unique new branch of geophysical research of the interior of the Earth. Finally, of considerable interest are the biological and medical aspects of the cosmic radiation because of it ionizing character and the inevitable irradiation to which we are exposed. This book is a reference manual for researchers and students of cosmic ray physics and associated fields and phenomena. It is not intended to be a tutorial. However, the book contains an adequate amount of background materials that its content should be useful to a broad community of scientists and professionals. The present book contains chiefly a data collection in compact form that covers the cosmic radiation in the vicinity of the Earth, in the Earth's atmosphere, at sea level and underground. Included are predominantly experimental but also theoretical data. In addition the book contains related data, definitions and important relations. The aim of this book is to offer the reader in a single volume a readily available comprehensive set of data that will save him the need of frequent time consuming literature searches.
Download or read book Significant Achievements in Space Science written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 1004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Extreme Events in Geospace written by Natalia Buzulukova and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-12-01 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extreme Events in Geospace: Origins, Predictability, and Consequences helps deepen the understanding, description, and forecasting of the complex and inter-related phenomena of extreme space weather events. Composed of chapters written by representatives from many different institutions and fields of space research, the book offers discussions ranging from definitions and historical knowledge to operational issues and methods of analysis. Given that extremes in ionizing radiation, ionospheric irregularities, and geomagnetically induced currents may have the potential to disrupt our technologies or pose danger to human health, it is increasingly important to synthesize the information available on not only those consequences but also the origins and predictability of such events. Extreme Events in Geospace: Origins, Predictability, and Consequences is a valuable source for providing the latest research for geophysicists and space weather scientists, as well as industries impacted by space weather events, including GNSS satellites and radio communication, power grids, aviation, and human spaceflight. The list of first/second authors includes M. Hapgood, N. Gopalswamy, K.D. Leka, G. Barnes, Yu. Yermolaev, P. Riley, S. Sharma, G. Lakhina, B. Tsurutani, C. Ngwira, A. Pulkkinen, J. Love, P. Bedrosian, N. Buzulukova, M. Sitnov, W. Denig, M. Panasyuk, R. Hajra, D. Ferguson, S. Lai, L. Narici, K. Tobiska, G. Gapirov, A. Mannucci, T. Fuller-Rowell, X. Yue, G. Crowley, R. Redmon, V. Airapetian, D. Boteler, M. MacAlester, S. Worman, D. Neudegg, and M. Ishii. Helps to define extremes in space weather and describes existing methods of analysis Discusses current scientific understanding of these events and outlines future challenges Considers the ways in which space weather may affect daily life Demonstrates deep connections between astrophysics, heliophysics, and space weather applications, including a discussion of extreme space weather events from the past Examines national and space policy issues concerning space weather in Australia, Canada, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States
