Download or read book Early Indian Metallurgy written by Paul Craddock and published by . This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most studies of ancient technology have hitherto been based on the civilisations of the Mediterranean and Middle East, especially those of Egypt, Greece and Rome. In this volume the extraordinarily well preserved remains at three major mining and metal production sites in the Aravalli Hills of Rajasthan (Agucha, Dariba and Zawar) were revealed. At these sites, by survey and archaeological excavation, the authors, studied the long-term development of mining and smelting activity over 3000 years. At Dariba and Agucha silver was mined by the Mauryan Empire on a colossal scale over 2,000 years ago. At Zawar the Mauryan mines seem to have produced mainly zinc oxide, but in the Medieval period zinc metal was produced by advanced processes of high temperature distillation, almost certainly the earliest commercial zinc production in the world. Here the laboratory processes described in the early Indian scientific works were developed into major industrial processes, the birth of chemical industry at least 500 years before similar developments began in Europe. The authors also analyse the decline and rebirth of extractive metallurgy in India.
Download or read book Mining and Metallurgy in Ancient India written by Rina Shrivastava and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Illustrations: 4 Maps and 47 B/w Illustrations Description: This is one of the few well documented, well-researched and well-presented book on the history of mining and metallurgy in ancient India based on archaeological, literary and ethnological evidences and on first hand knowledge of various mining sites. Apart from the introduction and conclusion, this work of about 300 pages consists chapters on mineral ores in ancient India, gold, silver, copper and bronze, iron and zinc. This book also contains 4 maps and 47 illustrations.
Download or read book A History of Metallurgy in India written by Gurprit Singh and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-01-20 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metals and their knowledge have have been important in historic as well as pre-historic ages. Many of the pre-historic artefacts are still a wonder to the modern man. When we visit places like Ajanta, Ellora caves, Konark Temple at Bhubaneshwar, Taj Mahal at Agra, Qutb Minar and Ashoka Pillar at Delhi, we look with awe the craftsmanship of the sculptors and metal workers. A strong culture of technology is necessary for creation of such masterpieces.The monuments made of stones needed a few basic metal implements: chisels and hammers. How did these originate? Before the making of basic metal tools, stone based tools were only available which were heavy and got blunted easily and could not be used for agriculture. Metal tools are harder, last longer and are re-workable. Thus it is said that with the proliferation of metal usage, agriculture and stock-raising expanded many times. Also the villages prospered and towns came into being.Copper was the first metal man had contact with. The first copper used was native copper. Copper metallurgy in India dates back to the start of the Chalcolithic culture in the sub-continent. The Harappans extensively used Copper and Bronze to make knives, daggers, arrowheads, axes, chisel, bangles, bracelets and beads.The source of metal is the next point to think of. Was the metal obtained in a native state or extracted from ore? Also the usage of flux then to remove gangue as slag needs pondering. The shape and capacity of the furnace used is also important. Whether the metal was used as it is or alloyed with some other metal, is another query? The process of solidification by casting or the object formation by forge-welding/forging is another question. Such questions need to be answered to know about the scientific basis and technical skills of the Copper smelters and smiths in ancient times.But there are no direct answers. Answers are hidden under artefacts, furnaces, slags and other archaeological evidences. World over we find a well-marked sequence of usage of metals: copper-arsenical, copper-tin, bronze, iron, occurs which may suggest a diffusion process. However, we do not get the full sequence and in some parts we go from Neolithic technology to an Early Iron Age civilization. For a long time, the theory of the diffusion of ideas and techniques has been generally. But now, the long held general diffusional thesis for spread of metallurgy has come under cloud. The second metal iron was used in India after Copper and Bronze, as in other parts of the world and in India it was made indigenously. One may recall mastery in metal casting from the Indus times with the shining example of the dancing girl, cast in Bronze by cire purdue process. Subsequently, heavy tools and implements have been found in the copper hoards in the gangetic plains during 2000-1500 BCE. The modern day Zinc was already being produced in India in 12th to 13th centuries in the Zawar region of Rajasthan. The Ashoka Pillar at Mehraulli created in the 4th-5th century CE is a wonder having withstood 1600 monsoons which testifies its extraordinary qualitative feature. Wootz known worldwide as the famous Damascus steel was another product from master craftsmen of India many centuries years ago. The medieval period saw the emphasis on producing war implements and the Shahi Karkhanas came up and master craftsmen from West Asia came to make large iron cannons which started replacing bronze cannons.The remarkable skills of the Indian Metallurgists did get lost to the world during British rule possibly due to the 1857 mutiny after which making of firearms including the famous swords was halted. Mines were closed and even the miners were extinct. The arrival of the British saw the synergy of indigenous Indian metallurgy and western technology. Later came up the Indian Iron and Steel company and Tata Iron and Steel companies.This book is an introduction to the history of metallurgy in India since Ancient times.
Download or read book Copper and Its Alloys in Ancient India written by Dilip K. Chakrabarti and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Illustrations: Numerous B/w Illustrations Description: This book offers a comprehensive discussion on the distribution of ores of copper and its alloys in the Indian subcontinent and critically reviews the related archaeological and metallurgical data, underscoring the tremendous richness and complexity of this tradition in early India. Summary: This volume undertakes a detailed study of the rich and continuing preindustrial tradition of Indian copper and copper-alloy metallurgy and unequivocally brings out its significance in understanding the ancient context.
Download or read book Ancient Indian Metallurgy written by Ashoka Kumar Mishra and published by . This book was released on 2009-09-01 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author a devoted and well- knownThe author a dMetallurgy is an interdisciplinary subject consisting of Geology, Mining, Physics, Chemistry and other applied Off shoots ofscience. The vital role of Geoecology and mineral resources of India in furtherance of metallurgical innovation is also one of the prime aspects of this monograph. This excellent book will be useful to scholars andm students of metallurgy.
Download or read book The Rise of Metallurgy in Eurasia written by Miljana Radivojević and published by Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2021-12-23 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Rise of Metallurgy in Eurasia is a landmark study in the evolution of early metallurgy in the Balkans. It demonstrates that far from being a rare and elite practice, the earliest metallurgy in the world was a common and communal craft activity.
Download or read book Copper in Ancient India written by Panchanan Neogi and published by . This book was released on 1918 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Social History of Early India written by Brajadulal Chattopadhyaya and published by Pearson Education India. This book was released on 2009 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributed seminar papers.
Download or read book Indian Metallurgy written by R. Divakar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-15 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book marks the Platinum Jubilee of the Indian Institute of Metals, closely matching independent India's age. It is envisaged as a compilation of technical articles tracing the birth and growth trajectory of metallurgical science, engineering and technology in the nation, attempting a degree of prognostication covering the next quarter of a century. It contains the essence of the metallurgical research and development and industrial progress India has witnessed in the last 75 years. This book comprises technical articles written by industry leaders and eminent technocrats. It includes overviews by distinguished researchers who have strived to build foundations of new metallurgical research and engineering fields. It includes learned writings of persons associated with premier institutions heavily dependent on metallurgy and materials. They have made seminal contributions by nurturing the growth of metallurgical research and industrial production or have made first-hand contributions to building the great organisations we have today. Coinciding with the Platinum Jubilee year of the Indian Institute of Metals, this book brings out the enormous efforts of these individuals representing their organisations to share insights that led to their success as an entity. Similarly, several professionals who significantly contributed to the understanding of metallurgical engineering, have held important positions and steered the national strategic programmes or academically nurtured students in their illustrious careers also share their journey in this book. This book chronicles the significant advances made in the field of metallurgical science, engineering and technology in India, presenting the historical perspective and prospects in the format of a technical volume.
Download or read book Iron in Ancient India written by Panchanan Neogi and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Minerals and Metals in Pre modern India written by Arun Kumar Biswas and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Professor Biswas Examines The Fascinating Indigenous Gems, Non-Gem Minerals, Metals And Metallic Art Of India From Ad 1200 Onwards To Almost The Threshold Of Modern Times, Focusing On Iron And Steel, Brass And Zinc In Pre-Modern India And The Superb Vitality Of Its Artisan S Tradition.
Download or read book Iron in Ancient India written by Panchanan Neogi and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present volume gives a detail account of which were found in ancient Hindu states knowledge of metals of ancient Hindus particularly the knowledge of Iron. It has been now prove that the uses of iron were perfectly known to the Aryans. As regards Archaeological evidence one can see that ancient specimense of iron are so much abundant in India that an enumeration of that alone will convince any one to think seriously that India has always been a rich iron-producing country. The great iron pillors of Delhi are well known to the scholar of ancient history. Above these iron pillor was noticed the Dhara to known as a reference. Mount Abu Pillars are also known as historic evidence of which evidence of which is nearly double as the Delhi will as and other is mount Abu Pillar. The author has proved that the crucial process of making casted by means of cementation was really an Indian invention, and it was not till the 19th century that Mushet, rediscovered the process in Europe. In addition, the present book with rare photograph and two valuable appendices along with general index are of great importance.
Download or read book A History of Metallurgy written by R. F. Tylecote and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technologie - Siedlung - Gold - Silber
Download or read book Ancient Indian Mining Metallurgy and Metal Industries written by G. Kuppuram and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Archaeometallurgy Materials Science Aspects written by Andreas Hauptmann and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-21 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book successfully connects archaeology and archaeometallurgy with geoscience and metallurgy. It addresses topics concerning ore deposits, archaeological field evidence of early metal production, and basic chemical-physical principles, as well as experimental ethnographic works on a low handicraft base and artisanal metal production to help readers better understand what happened in antiquity. The book is chiefly intended for scholars and students engaged in interdisciplinary work.
Download or read book Iron Industry and Metallurgy written by Sasisekaran B and published by . This book was released on 2020-07-15 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Author: Dr. B. Sasisekaran was a Scientist with the National Institute of Ocean Technology, India. The Research: This project was funded by the Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi and the research was co-ordinated by the Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) - Madras.The Book: The author presents in this monograph: the distribution of iron ore, the iron age in Tamil Nadu area, literary references to iron, the iron and steel production centres, the types of furnaces that were in use and the techniques employed to produce iron and wootz steel employing crucible process by ancient and post - medieval communities of South India, particularly in Tamil Nadu, and most importantly metallurgical study of the iron objects found during excavation at these sites.This monograph illustrated with a map, ten line drawings which includes two graphs, twelve tables and 102 multi colour photographs in 40 pages is bound to be useful to archaeologists, metallurgists, historians and the general public interested in the development of metallurgical science in India.Contents of the Book1: Introduction1.1: Previous Research on Early Indian Iron1.2: Distribution of Iron Ore in Tamilnadu1.3: Iron Age Culture in Tamilnadu1.4: Literary References to Iron Industry2: Pre - Industrial Iron and Steel Industry2.1: Iron and Steel Production Centres in Ancient Period2.2: Furnace Technology: Techniques, Types and Methods2.3: Steel - Developments in Production Techniques2.4: Production of wootz Steel by Crucible Process3: Metallurgical Studies of Iron Objects of the Iron Age3.1: Typology of the Objects from Iron Age Sites in Tamilnadu3.2: Guttur3.3: Mallappadi3.4: Kodumanal3.5: Kanchipuram3.6: Mel-Siruvalur3.7: Explored Sites4: Summary
Download or read book INTRODUCTION TO INDIAN KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM written by MAHADEVAN, B. and published by PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. This book was released on 2022-04-13 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook is a culmination of multiple efforts of the authors to fill in the gap for offering a required course on Indian Knowledge System (IKS), recently mandated by AICTE. Moreover, the New Education Policy (NEP) has also provided a clear trajectory for imparting IKS in the higher education curriculum, necessitating a book of this kind in several higher education institutions in the country in the days to come. The book seeks to introduce the epistemology and ontology of IKS to the Engineering and Science students in a way they can relate, appreciate and explore further should there be a keen interest in the matter. After a brief section on the key concepts of IKS, the remaining part of the book traces IKS and brings out the applications. After a formal and concise introduction to IKS, the book provides certain foundational concepts applicable across all domains of Science and Engineering. These form the second part. The Science applications are laid out in Part 3, Engineering applications in Part 4 and other important topics in the final part of the book. The authors have rich expertise and background in both 'mainstream issues' and 'traditional knowledge' to present IKS in a contextually relevant fashion. They have delicately balanced the 'why' or 'how' of IKS and the 'what' of IKS. Although the book has been primarily developed for use by the Engineering institutions, the structure and the contents also address the requirement in other University systems (Liberal Arts, Medicine, Science and Management). This textbook incorporates several pedagogical features including a companion website https://www.phindia.com/ introduction_to_indian_knowledge_system that will make learning effective and enjoyable for the students. TARGET AUDIENCE Students at: • Engineering Institutes • Higher Education Institutes
