Download or read book Early Development of Sound Processing in the Service of Speech and Music Perception written by István Winkler and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-08-23 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infants have astonishingly sophisticated abilities to process speech and music. It is, as if many of the higher-order capabilities, such as regularity detection, auditory stream segregation, statistical learning, and rhythm processing are already present at birth or develop quite early during infancy, while some “simple” abilities, such as feature discrimination show a much longer developmental trajectory. These higher-order abilities also provide the basis of further cognitive, emotional, and social development, as they form the basis for communicating and thus learning from caretakers and peers. Therefore, understanding the underlying processes is a prime goal of developmental psychology and neuroscience, and it is also essential for creating early interventions for atypically developing infants, such as designing training protocols for infants at risk of auditory developmental deficits.
Download or read book Hearing Loss written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-12-17 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of Americans experience some degree of hearing loss. The Social Security Administration (SSA) operates programs that provide cash disability benefits to people with permanent impairments like hearing loss, if they can show that their impairments meet stringent SSA criteria and their earnings are below an SSA threshold. The National Research Council convened an expert committee at the request of the SSA to study the issues related to disability determination for people with hearing loss. This volume is the product of that study. Hearing Loss: Determining Eligibility for Social Security Benefits reviews current knowledge about hearing loss and its measurement and treatment, and provides an evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the current processes and criteria. It recommends changes to strengthen the disability determination process and ensure its reliability and fairness. The book addresses criteria for selection of pure tone and speech tests, guidelines for test administration, testing of hearing in noise, special issues related to testing children, and the difficulty of predicting work capacity from clinical hearing test results. It should be useful to audiologists, otolaryngologists, disability advocates, and others who are concerned with people who have hearing loss.
Download or read book Advances in Speech and Music Technology written by Anupam Biswas and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-01 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents advances in speech and music in the domain of audio signal processing. The book begins with introductory chapters on the basics of speech and music, and then proceeds to computational aspects of speech and music, including music information retrieval and spoken language processing. The authors discuss the intersection in the field of computer science, musicology and speech analysis, and how the multifaceted nature of speech and music information processing requires unique algorithms, systems using sophisticated signal processing, and machine learning techniques that better extract useful information. The authors discuss how a deep understanding of both speech and music in terms of perception, emotion, mood, gesture and cognition is essential for successful application. Also discussed is the overwhelming amount of data that has been generated across the world that requires efficient processing for better maintenance, retrieval, indexing and querying and how machine learning and artificial intelligence are most suited for these computational tasks. The book provides both technological knowledge and a comprehensive treatment of essential topics in speech and music processing.
Download or read book Of Sound Mind written by Nina Kraus and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-09-28 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How sound leaves a fundamental imprint on who we are. Making sense of sound is one of the hardest jobs we ask our brains to do. In Of Sound Mind, Nina Kraus examines the partnership of sound and brain, showing for the first time that the processing of sound drives many of the brain's core functions. Our hearing is always on--we can't close our ears the way we close our eyes--and yet we can ignore sounds that are unimportant. We don't just hear; we engage with sounds. Kraus explores what goes on in our brains when we hear a word--or a chord, or a meow, or a screech. Our hearing brain, Kraus tells us, is vast. It interacts with what we know, with our emotions, with how we think, with our movements, and with our other senses. Auditory neurons make calculations at one-thousandth of a second; hearing is the speediest of our senses. Sound plays an unrecognized role in both healthy and hurting brains. Kraus explores the power of music for healing as well as the destructive power of noise on the nervous system. She traces what happens in the brain when we speak another language, have a language disorder, experience rhythm, listen to birdsong, or suffer a concussion. Kraus shows how our engagement with sound leaves a fundamental imprint on who we are. The sounds of our lives shape our brains, for better and for worse, and help us build the sonic world we live in.
Download or read book Early Childhood Music Therapy and Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Petra Kern and published by Jessica Kingsley Publishers. This book was released on 2012-09-15 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive book includes an overview of recent developments in ASD and effective music therapy interventions based on ASD-specific approaches, instructional strategies and techniques for use in children's natural environments. Therapists wishing to conduct family-centered practice and to support parents integrate music into home routines will find a wealth of information, together with insights from music therapists who are parents of children with ASD. The book also looks at collaboration and consultation with interdisciplinary team members, including early childhood educators, speech-language pathologists and occupational therapists. Case scenarios, examples, checklists, charts, tip sheets, music scores, and online resources make this book accessible for everyone. Throughout the book's sixteen chapters, renowned experts share knowledge and practical applications that will give music therapists, students, professionals, educators, families and anyone interested in working with young children with ASD, a detailed understanding of the implementation and range of music therapy practices that can benefit these children and their families.
Download or read book Music in the Early Years written by Aelwyn Pugh and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-05 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research findings repeatedly show that music is one of the subjects which teachers feel least confident to tackle. There are many reasons for this, not least being the lack of appropriate guidance and training. This book is designed to help overcome these problems by providing class teachers with clear advice on how to plan, resource and deliver a comprehensive programme which will challenge their pupils and enable them to progress and meet national requirements. The book includes examples and activities which can be used as a basis for in-service training within schools, particularly for teachers who regard themselves as non-specialists.
Download or read book What we learn and when we learn it sensitive periods in development written by Etienne De Villers-Sidani and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2014-11-21 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of training or experience is not the same at all points in development. Children who receive music lessons, or learn a second language before age 7-8 are more proficient as adults. Early exposure to drugs or trauma makes people more likely to become addicted or depressed later life. Rat pups exposed to specific frequencies from 9-13 days post-partum show expanded cortical representations of these frequencies. Young birds must hear and copy their native song within 1-2 months of birth or they may never learn it at all. These are examples of sensitive periods: developmental windows where maturation and specific experience interact to produce differential long-term effects on the brain and behavior. While still controversial, evidence for the existence of sensitive periods has grown, as has our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of brain plasticity. Behavioral evidence from studies of language, psychopathology or vision in humans has been complemented by evidence elucidating molecular, gene and hormonal mechanisms in animals. It has been proposed that sensitive periods can be both opened and closed by specific experience, and that there are multiple, overlapping sensitive periods that occur through-out development as functions come on line. It is also likely that experience-dependent behavioral or brain plasticity accrued during one sensitive period can serve as a scaffold on which later experience and plasticity can build. Based on current knowledge, there are a number of broad questions and challenges to be addressed in this domain, these include: generating new information about the neurobiological mediators of structural and functional changes; proposing models of brain development that will better predict when sensitive periods should occur and what functions are implicated; investigation of the interaction between experience during a sensitive period and pre-existing individual differences; and the relationship between experience during a sensitive period and on-going experience. The goal of this Research Topic is to bring together scientists in different fields whose work addresses these issues, including animal and human developmental neuroscience, language and cognitive development, education, developmental psychopathology and sensory neuroscience.
Download or read book Journal of Rehabilitation Research Development written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 920 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lexical Tone Development Music Perception and Speech Perception in Noise with Cochlear Implants written by Ning Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book In the Light of Evolution written by National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-05-19 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humans possess certain unique mental traits. Self-reflection, as well as ethic and aesthetic values, is among them, constituting an essential part of what we call the human condition. The human mental machinery led our species to have a self-awareness but, at the same time, a sense of justice, willing to punish unfair actions even if the consequences of such outrages harm our own interests. Also, we appreciate searching for novelties, listening to music, viewing beautiful pictures, or living in well-designed houses. But why is this so? What is the meaning of our tendency, among other particularities, to defend and share values, to evaluate the rectitude of our actions and the beauty of our surroundings? What brain mechanisms correlate with the human capacity to maintain inner speech, or to carry out judgments of value? To what extent are they different from other primates' equivalent behaviors? In the Light of Evolution Volume VII aims to survey what has been learned about the human "mental machinery." This book is a collection of colloquium papers from the Arthur M. Sackler Colloquium "The Human Mental Machinery," which was sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences on January 11-12, 2013. The colloquium brought together leading scientists who have worked on brain and mental traits. Their 16 contributions focus the objective of better understanding human brain processes, their evolution, and their eventual shared mechanisms with other animals. The articles are grouped into three primary sections: current study of the mind-brain relationships; the primate evolutionary continuity; and the human difference: from ethics to aesthetics. This book offers fresh perspectives coming from interdisciplinary approaches that open new research fields and constitute the state of the art in some important aspects of the mind-brain relationships.
Download or read book Biomedical Index to PHS supported Research pt A Subject access A H written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of Complex Sound Representations in the Primary Auditory Cortex written by Michele Nerissa Insanally and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development of complex sound representations in the primary auditory cortex by Michele Nerissa Insanally Doctor of Philosophy in Neuroscience University of California, Berkeley Professor Shaowen Bao, PhD., Chair The brain has a tremendous ability to change as a result of experience; this property is known as plasticity. Our mastery of soccer, rhetoric, agriculture and instrumentation are all learned skills that require experience. While the brain is plastic throughout life, during early development, the brain demonstrates a heightened sensitivity to experience. This unique epoch during development in which the brain is particularly susceptible to change is called a critical period. During the critical period, sensory experience results in significant modifications in structure and function. The set of studies described in this dissertation aim to investigate how complex sound representation develops during the critical period in the rat primary auditory cortex. Previous examinations of the critical period in the auditory cortex have typically used simple tonal stimuli. Repeated exposure of rat pups to a tone, for instance, has been shown to selectively enlarge cortical representation of the tone and alter perceptual behaviors. However, probing cortical plasticity with a single-frequency tone might not reveal the full complexity and dynamics of critical period plasticity. After all, natural, biologically important sounds are generally complex with respect to their spectrotemporal properties. Natural sounds often have frequencies that vary in time and amplitude modulation. Psychophysical studies indicate that early experience of complex sounds has a profound impact on auditory perception and perceptual behaviors. Experience with speech, for instance, shapes language-specific phonemic perception, enhancing perceptual contrasts of native speech sounds and reducing perceptual contrasts of some foreign speech sounds. At the electrophysiological level, auditory cortical neurons preferentially respond to certain complex sounds, such as species-specific animal vocalizations. It is unclear how such selectivity for a complex sound emerges, and whether it is innate or shaped by early experience. In order to address this question, we exposed rat pups to a frequency-modulated (FM) sweep in different time windows during early development, and examined the effects of such sensory experience on sound representations in the primary auditory cortex (AI). We found that early exposure to an FM sound resulted in altered characteristic frequency representations and broadened spectral tuning in AI neurons. In contrast, later exposure to the same sound only led to greater selectivity for the sweep rate and direction of the experienced FM sound. These results indicate that cortical representations of different acoustic features are shaped by complex sounds in a series of distinct critical periods. Next, we confirmed this model of brain development in a set of experiments that examine how exposure to noise affects these various critical periods. We examined the influence of pulsed noise experience on the development of sound representations in AI. In naïve animals, FM sweep direction selectivity depends on the characteristic frequency (CF) of the neuron--low CF neurons tend to select for upward sweeps and high CF neurons for downward sweeps. Such a CF dependence was not observed in animals that had received weeklong exposure to pulsed noise in periods from postnatal day 8 (P8) to P15 or from P24 to P39. In addition, AI tonotopicity, tuning bandwidth, intensity threshold, tone-responsiveness, and sweep response magnitude were differentially affected by the noise experience depending on the exposure time windows. These results are consistent with previous findings of feature-dependent multiple sensitive periods. The different effects induced here by pulsed noise and previously by FM sweeps further indicate that plasticity in cortical complex sound representations is specific to the sensory input. Identifying how the developing brain processes sensory information provides a foundation for understanding more complex behaviors. These results advance our understanding of the neuronal mechanisms underlying sensory development and language learning. Specifically, they elucidate the age-dependent effects of complex sound exposure on spectral tuning and complex sound representation in the rat primary auditory cortex. In addition, they provide a foundation for subsequent studies investigating the neural basis of language development.
Download or read book Biomedical Index to PHS supported Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Musical Sound Effects written by Jean-Michel Réveillac and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-03-07 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For decades performers, instrumentalists, composers, technicians and sound engineers continue to manipulate sound material. They are trying with more or less success to create, to innovate, improve, enhance, restore or modify the musical message. The sound of distorted guitar of Jimi Hendrix, Pierre Henry’s concrete music, Pink Flyod’s rock psychedelic, Kraftwerk ‘s electronic music, Daft Punk and rap T-Pain, have let emerge many effects: reverb, compression, distortion, auto-tune, filter, chorus, phasing, etc. The aim of this book is to introduce and explain these effects and sound treatments by addressing their theoretical and practical aspects.
Download or read book Production Effects on Perception written by Keturah Naomi Bixby and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The relationship between producing and perceiving sounds is tightly correlated in the domains of language and music. Any time someone speaks, they immediately hear what they said, and when someone sings or plays a musical instrument, they hear music. However, it is unclear how producing sound changes auditory perception: is any perceptual improvement merely the result of hearing and attending to the acoustic signal, or can these improvements be facilitated by motor production itself? The research question is whether learning to produce sound benefits auditory perception in language or music. Given that speech categories are highly entrenched in adults' native languages, with perception and production tightly linked, this question was examined in the context of second-language (L2) learning. Two experiments explored how learning to produce new L2 phonetic contrasts improves category learning and category generalization. Experiment 1 on category learning found that when participants learned to produce before learning to perceive a new phonetic contrast, their category perception improved compared to participants with the same auditory experience but without training in production. Experiment 2 on category generalization found a similar benefit to category learning, but did not show generalization, so the effect of production learning on category generalization is unknown. Two further experiments were conducted in the domain of music. In contrast to language, it is possible to break the tight linkage between perception (phonetic categories) and production (vocal articulation) in music. Non-musicians have no model for mapping their actions to musical sounds, allowing a glimpse into the role production plays in learning about those sounds. Non-musicians learned to play a simple novel instrument to determine whether their perception was better than non-musicians with matched auditory experience but no production experience. No difference in perceptual sensitivity was seen for pitch discrimination between groups in either experiment, nor was there better memory for interval stimuli in the production group. However, producers had better memory for studied melodies than perceivers. Together, these results suggest production may improve perception, but only when it is an informative cue: learning in the domain of production is required before it can have an effect on perception."--Pages viii-ix.
Download or read book Research and Development in the Computer and Information Sciences Processing storage and output requirements in information processing systems written by Mary Elizabeth Stevens and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research Awards Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
