Download or read book Dynamics of Laser excited Noble Gas Clusters written by Max Moll and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dynamics of Noble Gas Cluster Expansion Driven by Intense Pulses of Extreme Ultraviolet Light written by Brendan Francis Murphy and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interaction of intense laser pulses with nanometer scale atomic clusters has been an active area of study since the advent of amplified femtosecond lasers. In the case of infrared irradiation of noble gas clusters, direct field-driven ionization results in the ejection of energetic electrons, high ion charge states, and Coulomb explosion of the ion core of the clusters. These processes result from electron motion driven by the cluster potential and the large ponderomotive potential of the laser field. When extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses interact with clusters, the mechanisms responsible for the infrared response are 'turned off' because the ponderomotive potential is very small. We have conducted cluster experiments at 38nm using focused XUV pulses produced by high harmonic generation with a 15TW Ti:Sapphire laser. We measured the charge states and kinetic energy spectra of ions produced in the interaction, and observe substantial ion population up to Xe5, with a small number of Xe6-Xe8 ions produced by collisional ionization by hot plasma electrons. The ion kinetic energy spectrum indicates a hydrodynamic expansion at an ion temperature of 8eV. This is in stark contrast to intense infrared/cluster interactions, where clusters are stripped of electrons to a large degree and expand by Coulomb forces, resulting in far higher ion kinetic energy for similar degrees of ionization.
Download or read book Introduction to Cluster Dynamics written by Paul-Gerhard Reinhard and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-07-11 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clusters as mesoscopic particles represent an intermediate state of matter between single atoms and solid material. The tendency to miniaturise technical objects requires knowledge about systems which contain a "small" number of atoms or molecules only. This is all the more true for dynamical aspects, particularly in relation to the qick development of laser technology and femtosecond spectroscopy. Here, for the first time is a highly qualitative introduction to cluster physics. With its emphasis on cluster dynamics, this will be vital to everyone involved in this interdisciplinary subject. The authors cover the dynamics of clusters on a broad level, including recent developments of femtosecond laser spectroscopy on the one hand and time-dependent density functional theory calculations on the other.
Download or read book Progress in Ultrafast Intense Laser Science XII written by Kaoru Yamanouchi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-27 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers a broad range of topics focusing on atoms, molecules, and clusters interacting in intense laser field, laser induced filamentation, and laser plasma interaction and application. The PUILS series delivers up-to-date reviews of progress in Ultrafast Intense Laser Science, a newly emerging interdisciplinary research field spanning atomic and molecular physics, molecular science, and optical science, which has been stimulated by the recent developments in ultrafast laser technologies. Each volume compiles peer-reviewed articles authored by researchers at the forefront of each their own subfields of UILS. Every chapter opens with an overview of the topics to be discussed, so that researchers unfamiliar to the subfield, as well as graduate students, can grasp the importance and attractions of the research topic at hand; these are followed by reports of cutting-edge discoveries.
Download or read book Dynamics of Laser Excitation Ionization and Harmonic Conversion in Inert Gas Atoms written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of non-perturbative multiphoton processes in atoms in pulsed laser fields employ a single-active-electron (SAE) model which follows the time evolution of each valence electron in the frozen, mean-field of the remaining electrons, the nucleus and the laser field. The photoelectron and photon emission spectra, although related, are not identical. A simple two-step, quasi-classical model explains the differences and gives a more complete understanding of the strong field induced dynamics.
Download or read book Ionization and Plasma Dynamics of Single Large Xenon Clusters in Superintense XUV Pulses written by Daniela Rupp and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-14 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the heart of this thesis is the young field of free electron laser science, whose experimental and theoretical basics are described here in a comprehensible manner. Extremely bright and ultra short pulses from short wavelength free-electron lasers (FELs) have recently opened the path to new fields of research. The x-ray flashes transform all matter into highly excited plasma states within femtoseconds, while their high spatial and temporal resolution allows the study of fast processes in very small structures. Even imaging of single molecules may be within reach if ultrafast radiation damage can be understood and brought under control. Atomic clusters have proven to be ideal model systems for light-matter interaction studies in all wavelength regimes, being size scalable, easy-to-produce gas phase targets with a simple structure. With FELs, "single cluster imaging and simultaneous ion spectroscopy" makes possible experiments under extremely well defined initial conditions, because the size of the cluster and the FEL intensity can be extracted from the scattering images. For the first time large xenon clusters up to micron radius were generated. Their single cluster scattering images were analyzed for cluster morphology and traces of the ultrafast plasma built-up during the femtosecond FEL pulse. The simultaneously measured single cluster ion spectra yield unprecedented insight into the ion dynamics following the interaction. The results will feed both future experimental effort and theoretical modeling.
Download or read book Dynamics of Electronically Excited States in Gaseous Cluster and Condensed Media written by J. C. Whitehead and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 1998 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploration of the similarities and differences between the dynamics of electronically-excited states in gaseous, cluster and condensed media, focussing on the effect of the medium. The processes involved in studying the dynamics of electronically-excited states include energy transfer, chemical reaction, decomposition to neutral and ionic fragments, proton and electron transfer.
Download or read book Handbook of Nanophysics written by Klaus D. Sattler and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-09-17 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of nanoscience was pioneered in the 1980s with the groundbreaking research on clusters, which later led to the discovery of fullerenes. Handbook of Nanophysics: Clusters and Fullerenes focuses on the fundamental physics of these nanoscale materials and structures. Each peer-reviewed chapter contains a broad-based introduction and enhances
Download or read book Attosecond Nanophysics written by Peter Hommelhoff and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-01-30 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first broad and in-depth overview of current research in attosecond nanophysics, covering the field of active plasmonics via attosecond science in metals and dielectrics to novel imaging techniques with the highest spatial and temporal resolution. The authors are pioneers in the field and present here new developments and potential novel applications for ultra-fast data communication and processing, discussing the investigation of the natural timescale of electron dynamics in nanoscale solid state systems. Both an introduction for starting graduate students, as well as a look at the current state of the art in this hot and emerging field.
Download or read book Computational Investigation of Intense Short Wavelength Laser Interaction with Rare Gas Clusters written by Nicolas Bigaouette and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clusters of atoms have remarkable optical properties that were exploited since the antiquity. It was only during the late 20th century though that their production was better controlled and opened the door to a better understanding of matter. Lasers are the tool of choice to study these nanoscopic objects so scientists have been blowing clusters with high intensities and short duration laser pulses to gain insights on the dynamics at the nanoscale. Clusters of atoms are an excellent first step in the study of bio-molecules imaging. New advancements in laser technology in the shape of Free Electron Lasers (FEL) made shorter and shorter wavelengths accessible from the infrared (IR) to the vacuum and extreme ultra-violet (VUV and XUV) to even X-rays. Experiments in these short wavelengths regimes revealed surprisingly high energy absorption that are yet to be fully explained. This thesis tries to increase the global knowledge of clusters of rare-gas atoms interacting with short duration and high intensity lasers in the VUV and XUV regime. Theoretical and numerical tools were developed and a novel model of energy transfer based on excited states will be presented. The first part describes the current knowledge of laser-cluster interaction in the short wavelength regime followed by the description of the new model. In the second part of the thesis the different tools and implementations used throughout this work are presented. Third, a series of journal articles (of which four are published and one to be submitted) are included where our models and tools were successfully used to explain experimental results.
Download or read book Nanodroplets written by Zhiming M. Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-08 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanodroplets, the basis of complex and advanced nanostructures such as quantum rings, quantum dots and quantum dot clusters for future electronic and optoelectronic materials and devices, have attracted the interdisciplinary interest of chemists, physicists and engineers. This book combines experimental and theoretical analyses of nanosized droplets which reveal many attractive properties. Coverage includes nanodroplet synthesis, structure, unique behaviors and their nanofabrication, including chapters on focused ion beam, atomic force microscopy, molecular beam epitaxy and the "vapor-liquid- solid" route. Particular emphasis is given to the behavior of metallic nanodroplets, water nanodroplets and nanodroplets in polymer and metamaterial nanocomposites. The contributions of leading scientists and their research groups will provide readers with deeper insight into the chemical and physical mechanisms, properties, and potential applications of various nanodroplets.
Download or read book Materials Under Extreme Conditions written by A. K. Tyagi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-01-13 with total page 872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials Under Extreme Conditions: Recent Trends and Future Prospects analyzes the chemical transformation and decomposition of materials exposed to extreme conditions, such as high temperature, high pressure, hostile chemical environments, high radiation fields, high vacuum, high magnetic and electric fields, wear and abrasion related to chemical bonding, special crystallographic features, and microstructures. The materials covered in this work encompass oxides, non-oxides, alloys and intermetallics, glasses, and carbon-based materials. The book is written for researchers in academia and industry, and technologists in chemical engineering, materials chemistry, chemistry, and condensed matter physics. Describes and analyzes the chemical transformation and decomposition of a wide range of materials exposed to extreme conditions Brings together information currently scattered across the Internet or incoherently dispersed amongst journals and proceedings Presents chapters on phenomena, materials synthesis, and processing, characterization and properties, and applications Written by established researchers in the field
Download or read book Advances in Time Dependent Methods for Nuclear Structure and Dynamics written by Paul Denis Stevenson and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-03-08 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Interaction of Intense Laser Pulses with Noble Gas Clusters and Droplets written by Enrique Parra and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Explosion Dynamics of Van Der Waals Clusters Using 38 Nm XUV Laser Pulses written by Ahmed Mohammed Helal and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interaction of intense XUV laser pulses with matter and rare gas cluster has been the focus of the scientific community for decades. This focus has been sparked by the ongoing efforts to reach microscopy with atomic resolution, leading to a time resolved image on the scale of the atomic motion. The interest in van der Waals clusters appears due to it is similarity with the small bio-molecules, studying the behavior of these cluster will shed some light on how the biomolecules behavior under intense laser pulse. We have conducted a major upgrade to the UT THOR laser system, that enables us to achieve 17.7 nJ of XUV energy, produced by high harmonic generation, which is used to conduct multiple cluster experiments. We investigated the dynamics of rare-gas clusters produced by Ar and Xe gases, the ion time of flight, kinetic energy and electron energy have been measured, the generation of ion kinetic energy of two different temperatures (6 and 55 eV) due to hydrodynamic expansion was observed. For Xe clusters, we observed the generation of unexplained high charge states up to Xe9+, that could be due to the effect of continuum lowering and inner ionization of the giant resonance 4d-level. We also investigated the dynamics of small molecule clusters. Stating with nitrogen clusters, we noticed a dependence of the ionization ratio between N + 2 and N +on the cluster size has been noticed. In addition to that nitrogen clusters shows the highest ion kinetic energy generated between all the clusters investigated in this dissertation. The interaction of XUV laser pulses with Methane cluster is studied, we could not detect any high charges of methane fragments such as (CH2+ 4). However, we noticed that we generated multiple fragments by breaking C-H bonds (CH+ 3, CH+ 2, CH+) in addition to bare carbon with high cluster sizes. The generation of CH+ 5, H+ and H + 2 was also observed. Studying the partial yield of each of these reveals that the correlation between CH+ 5 and H+ is opposite to what is expected, which might be due to the change of the cluster properties or the expansion dynamic itself (towards more hydrodynamics).
Download or read book Latest Advances In Atomic Clusters Collisions Fission Fusion Electron Ion And Photon Impact written by Jean-patrick Connerade and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004-11-24 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive volume surveys the general aspects of atomic cluster science and outlines some of its important new challenges. It begins by detailing the recent advances in the understanding of structure and the essential properties of selected atomic cluster systems, fullerenes and confined atoms. Recent advances in the field of photo processes involving atomic clusters and fullerenes are discussed, and an entire chapter is devoted to the problem of fission dynamics of atomic clusters, presenting parallels with similar processes in nuclear physics.The book goes on to describe the problems of electron-cluster collisions with special emphasis on polarization and collective excitation effects. The important area of the behavior of atomic clusters in laser fields is considered; the ionization, collective dynamics of electrons in the system in the presence of the laser field, and the laser induced dynamics of molecules and clusters are thoroughly described.Finally, a broad spectrum of problems in the area of ionic collisions with fullerenes and metal clusters is covered — from both experimental and theoretical points of view — and the results of the most recent measurements are reported. The concluding chapter takes a careful look at the interaction of an atomic cluster with a surface. The problems of cluster deposition and formation at a surface as well as collision processes involving clusters deposited at a surface are considered through a number of illustrative examples./a
Download or read book Nanomaterials written by S. C. Singh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-10-22 with total page 793 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first in-depth treatment of the synthesis, processing, and characterization of nanomaterials using lasers, ranging from fundamentals to the latest research results, this handy reference is divided into two main sections. After introducing the concepts of lasers, nanomaterials, nanoarchitectures and laser-material interactions in the first three chapters, the book goes on to discuss the synthesis of various nanomaterials in vacuum, gas and liquids. The second half discusses various nanomaterial characterization techniques involving lasers, from Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies to light dynamic scattering, laser spectroscopy and such unusual techniques as laser photo acoustic, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, ultrafast dynamics and laser-induced thermal pulses. The specialist authors adopt a practical approach throughout, with an emphasis on experiments, set-up, and results. Each chapter begins with an introduction and is uniform in covering the basic approaches, experimental setups, and dependencies of the particular method on different parameters, providing sufficient theory and modeling to understand the principles behind the techniques.
