Download or read book Dynamics and Rheology of Soft Phase change Materials written by Michela Geri and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many industrial processes involve multicomponent or composite materials in which one component can undergo a phase transition leading to the appearance of a solid phase dispersed in a liquid-like continuous phase. Examples of soft phase-change materials can be found in a variety of applications from food products (e.g., organogels, casein gels and gelatin), pharmaceutical products (e.g., tissue mimicking phantoms and encapsulating agents), cosmetics (e.g., foundations and lipsticks), and in the oil and gas industry, where formation of paraffin waxes and clathrate hydrates represent major issues for upstream production and flow assurance. Historically, phase-changing materials have been exploited for their unique thermal properties in energy storage applications, however soft solids and complex fluids that undergo phase transformation have broader impact in industrial and biomedical applications because of the dramatic changes in mechanical properties that result from the conditions across the phase transition. Typically, these soft phase-change materials are part of the broader class of elasto-visco-plastic materials, showing both viscoelasticity at small deformations and plasticity at large deformations. However, their material properties are greatly influenced by the specific processing conditions during formation, such as temperature and applied deformation, leading to a thermo-rheological complexity that still poses major challenges for their experimental and theoretical characterization. In this Thesis, we develop novel experimental protocols and theoretical frameworks to characterize and describe the complex rheological behavior of soft phase-changing materials, under both linear and non-linear deformations. We focus mainly on two types of materials that are of major importance in the oil and gas industry: paraffin gels, as model waxy crude oils, and clathrate hydrate suspensions. In the limit of small deformations, we are usually interested in measuring the frequency response of the material as it evolves, or mutates, over time. Current state-of-the-art techniques have major limitations in providing both time- and frequency-resolution primarily due to the type of input signals used. To overcome this, we develop a robust excitation signal that allows us to perform time-resolved mechanical spectroscopy of fast mutating systems. Inspired by the biosonar signals of bats and dolphins, we introduce a joint frequency- and amplitude- modulated chirp signal. Combining experiments and numerical simulations, we show that there exists an optimized range of amplitude modulation that minimizes the estimation error while reducing the total acquisition time by almost two orders of magnitude. With this new technique, which we call the Optimally Windowed Chirp (or OWCh), we then explore the phase transition during gelation of a series of mutating, phase-changing materials, including casein gels, gelatin and paraffin gels. To address large, non-linear deformations, we start from a thorough investigation of the steady state and transient response of paraffin gels under shear. We develop a robust protocol that enables us to systematically extract the main rheological features including the thermokinematic memory (i.e. the effect of thermal and shear history on the rheological behavior of the gel) and thixotropy (i.e. the time-dependent behavior under constant applied deformation). We show that these features can be understood in terms of microstructural rearrangements of the underlying solid particle network, which can be quantified through differential scanning calorimetry, birefringence imaging and rheometry. Based on this understanding, we present a constitutive framework that captures all of the different features while respecting thermodynamic and objectivity constraints. We also investigate mechanical instabilities that may arise during rheological measurements. Combining ultrasonic image velocimetry and rheometry, we show that both shear banding and slip can take place during steady shear below a critical value of the shear rate. However, the thixotropic nature of these materials precludes the banding instability from growing in the sheared region of the gap, ensuring that the measured stress response corresponds to the real bulk behavior. Finally, we study the visco-plastic response of clathrate hydrate suspensions. To do so, we develop a novel method to robustly control their formation, which so far has been a major issue in experimental studies due to uncontrolled nucleation and growth of hydrate crystals. Our method, based on the use of "frozen emulsions", decreases the induction time by orders of magnitude while guaranteeing that all the water droplets initially frozen into ice particles are converted into hydrate particles. Rheological measurements for different water volume fractions and shear rates reveal that the macroscopic rheological response is again governed by rearrangements of the microstructure; however, due to the very strong interparticle forces (which are the result of a continuous sintering process) the microstructure evolves towards a fully connected network that behaves as a porous solid structure. Incorporating this limit into our theoretical model, we show that the framework developed for softer interparticle interaction can also capture the macroscopic plastic response of hydrate suspensions. The results from this Thesis have the potential to impact many industrial processes that involve soft phase-change materials, such as flow assurance and oil extraction, thermal energy storage, gas transport and storage, and other processes where the dynamics of gelation are used to control the rheological properties of the ultimate product.
Download or read book Phase Change Materials and Their Applications written by Mohsen Mhadhbi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-08-01 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, the application of phase change materials (PCMs) has developed in different industries, including the solar cooling and solar power plants, photovoltaic electricity systems, the space industry, waste heat recovery systems, preservation of food and pharmaceutical products, and domestic hot water. PCMs use the principle of latent heat thermal storage to absorb energy in large quantities when there is a surplus and release it when there is a deficit. This promising technology has already been successfully implemented in many construction projects. The aim of this book is to assist the scientists and to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the properties that characterize the phase change materials from theoretical and experimental perspectives with a focus on their technological applications. The present status and future perspectives of phase change material are discussed.
Download or read book Phase Change Materials written by Simone Raoux and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-10 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Phase Change Materials: Science and Applications" provides a unique introduction of this rapidly developing field. Clearly written and well-structured, this volume describes the material science of these fascinating materials from a theoretical and experimental perspective. Readers will find an in-depth description of their existing and potential applications in optical and solid state storage devices as well as reconfigurable logic applications. Researchers, graduate students and scientists with an interest in this field will find "Phase Change Materials" to be a valuable reference.
Download or read book Introduction to Soft Matter written by Ian W. Hamley and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-18 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an introduction to this exciting and relativelynew subject with chapters covering natural and synthetic polymers,colloids, surfactants and liquid crystals highlighting the many andvaried applications of these materials. Written by an expert in thefield, this book will be an essential reference for people workingin both industry and academia and will aid in understanding of thisincreasingly popular topic. Contains a new chapter on biological soft matter Newly edited and updated chapters including updated coverageof recent aspects of polymer science. Contain problems at the end of each chapter to facilitateunderstanding
Download or read book Soft Materials written by John R. Dutcher and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-10-01 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Representing the wide breadth academic disciplines involved in this ever-expanding area of research, this reference provides a comprehensive overview of current scientific and technological advancements in soft materials analysis and application. Documenting new and emerging challenges in this burgeoning field, Soft Materials is a unique and outsta
Download or read book Modern Magnetic Resonance written by Graham A. Webb and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-26 with total page 1889 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive collection of the applications of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Electron-Spin Resonance (ESR). Covers the wide ranging disciplines in which these techniques are used: * Chemistry; * Biological Sciences; * Pharmaceutical Sciences; * Medical uses; * Marine Science; * Materials Science; * Food Science. Illustrates many techniques through the applications described, e.g.: * High resolution solid and liquid state NMR; * Low resolution NMR, especially important in food science; * Solution State NMR, especially important in pharmaceutical sciences; * Magnetic Resonance Imaging, especially important for medical uses; * Electron Spin Resonance, especially important for spin-labelling in food, marine and medical studies.
Download or read book Mudflow Rheology and Dynamics written by Philippe Coussot and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-01 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting current knowledge in the field of mudflows, this book includes both rheological mudflow aspects, and information on mudflow characteristics in open channels. It includes sections on: · physical properties of suspensions · shear rheometry with suspensions · rheology of clay-water mixtures · rheology of mud suspensions · gradually and rapidly varied free surface flows Part of the IAHR Monograph Series, this informative book also includes fundamental equations for viscoplastic flows and provides the reader with helpful introductions to all the aspects it covers.
Download or read book Theory and Applications of Colloidal Suspension Rheology written by Norman J. Wagner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-15 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential text on practical application, theory and simulation, written by an international coalition of experts in the field and edited by the authors of Colloidal Suspension Rheology. This up-to-date work builds upon the prior work as a valuable guide to formulation and processing, as well as fundamental rheology of colloidal suspensions. Thematically, theory and simulation are connected to industrial application by consideration of colloidal interactions, particle properties, and suspension microstructure. Important classes of model suspensions including gels, glasses and soft particles are covered so as to develop a deeper understanding of industrial systems ranging from carbon black slurries, paints and coatings, asphalt, cement, and mine tailings, to natural suspensions such as biocolloids, protein solutions, and blood. Systematically presenting the established facts in this multidisciplinary field, this book is the perfect aid for academic researchers, graduate students, and industrial practitioners alike.
Download or read book Dynamics of Smart Structures written by Ranjan Vepa and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamics of Smart Structures is a practical, concise and integrated text that provides an introduction to the fundamental principles of a field that has evolved over the recent years into an independent and identifiable subject area. Bringing together the concepts, techniques and systems associated with the dynamics and control of smart structures, it comprehensively reviews the differing smart materials that are employed in the development of the smart structures and covers several recent developments in the field of structural dynamics. Dynamics of Smart Structures has been developed to complement the author's new interdisciplinary programme of study at Queen Mary, University of London that includes courses on emerging and new technologies such as biomimetic robotics, smart composite structures, micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) and their applications and prosthetic control systems. It includes chapters on smart materials and structures, transducers for smart structures, fundamentals of structural control, dynamics of continuous structures, dynamics of plates and plate-like structures, dynamics of piezoelectric media, mechanics of electro-actuated composite structures, dynamics of thermo-elastic media: shape memory alloys, and controller designs for flexible structures.
Download or read book Fluids Colloids and Soft Materials written by Alberto Fernandez-Nieves and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-05-09 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a compilation of self-contained chapters covering a wide range of topics within the broad field of soft condensed matter. Each chapter starts with basic definitions to bring the reader up-to-date on the topic at hand, describing how to use fluid flows to generate soft materials of high value either for applications or for basic research. Coverage includes topics related to colloidal suspensions and soft materials and how they differ in behavior, along with a roadmap for researchers on how to use soft materials to study relevant physics questions related to geometrical frustration.
Download or read book An Introduction to Rheology written by Howard A. Barnes and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1989-06 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text introduces the subject of rheology in terms understandable to non-experts and describes the application of rheological principles to many industrial products and processes.
Download or read book Theory and Applications of Colloidal Suspension Rheology written by Norman J. Wagner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-15 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential text on the practical application and theory of colloidal suspension rheology, written by an international coalition of experts.
Download or read book Hydrogels written by Vijay Kumar Thakur and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-28 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses recent advances in hydrogels, including their generation and applications and presents a compendium of fundamental concepts. It highlights the most important hydrogel materials, including physical hydrogels, chemical hydrogels, and nanohydrogels and explores the development of hydrogel-based novel materials that respond to external stimuli, such as temperature, pressure, pH, light, biochemicals or magnetism, which represent a new class of intelligent materials. With their multiple cooperative functions, hydrogel-based materials exhibit different potential applications ranging from biomedical engineering to water purification systems. This book covers key topics including superabsorbent polymer hydrogel; intelligent hydrogels for drug delivery; hydrogels from catechol-conjugated materials; nanomaterials loaded hydrogel; electrospinning of hydrogels; biopolymers-based hydrogels; injectable hydrogels; interpenetrating-polymer-network hydrogels: radiation- and sonochemical synthesis of micro/nano/macroscopic hydrogels; DNA-based hydrogels; and multifunctional applications of hydrogels. It will prove a valuable resource for researchers working in industry and academia alike.
Download or read book Dynamic Mechanical and Creep Recovery Behavior of Polymer Based Composites written by Akarsh Verma and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-01-19 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamic Mechanical and Creep-Recovery Behaviour of Polymer-Based Composites: Mechanical and Mathematical Modeling covers mathematical modelling, dynamic mechanical analysis, and the ways in which various factors impact the creep-recovery behaviour of polymer composites. The effects of polymer molecular weight, plasticizers, cross-linking agents, and chemical treatment of filler material are addressed and information on thermoplastic and thermosetting polymer-based composites is also covered, including their various applications and the advantages and disadvantages of their use in different settings. The final 2 chapters of the book cover mathematical modeling of creep-recovery behavior for polymer composites and software-based simulation of creep-recovery in polymer composites, respectively. Dynamic Mechanical and Creep-Recovery Behaviour of Polymer-Based Composites: Mechanical and Mathematical Modeling covers mathematical modelling, dynamic mechanical analysis, and the ways in which various factors impact the creep-recovery behaviour of polymer composites. The effects of polymer molecular weight, plasticizers, cross-linking agents, and chemical treatment of filler material are addressed and information on thermoplastic and thermosetting polymer-based composites is also covered, including their various applications and the advantages and disadvantages of their use in different settings. The final 2 chapters of the book cover mathematical modeling of creep-recovery behavior for polymer composites and software-based simulation of creep-recovery in polymer composites, respectively. Analyzes the dynamic mechanical and creep-recovery behaviors of thermoplastic and thermosetting polymer composites in a variety of applications Features diverse mechanical/mathematical models utilized to fit data collected from creep-recovery studies Covers various factors that influence dynamic mechanical properties Discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using these materials in different settings
Download or read book Micromechanics and Rheology of Colloidal Gels Via Dynamic Simulation written by Lilian Challingsworth Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colloidal gels are soft solids comprising a viscoelastic, networked structure embedded in solvent. This network forms from microscopically small particles initially dispersed in a solvent which self-assemble into a hierarchical, space-spanning network of particles connected by physical bonds. When subjected to external forces, colloidal gels exhibit a solid-to-liquid transition yet regain elastic character when forcing is removed. Their tunable mechanical properties and ability to flow enable colloidal gels to serve as the foundation of a multitude of applications ranging from everyday products, like yogurt, to biomedical applications, such as injectable therapeutics. The nonlinear rheology of colloidal gels underlies their utility in nearly every application, for example, spreading, injecting, or pouring. The transition from rest to steady flow of colloidal gels is characterized by one or more stress overshoots indicative of gel yield. In strongly-bonded, dilute colloidal gels, yield is hypothesized to result from the catastrophic loss of the network structure. Solid-like fracture leading to fluidization of strongly bonded gels may not be relevant where particle strands are not single-particle thick chains but rather bicontinuous and time-evolving due to reversible bonds. The connections between gel yield and the structural evolution of dense, bicontinuous gels remains poorly understood due to the difficulty of imaging of the internal structure of dense particulate gels with sufficient time resolution in experiments and due to the large system size required in computational studies. Here we report large-scale dynamic simulation to study reversible colloidal gels to elucidate the micromechanical underpinnings of non-Newtonian behavior of soft materials and to understand ongoing phase separation. First, we show that the startup of a fixed strain rate reveals that colloidal gel yield, separating the short-time solid-like response from the long-time liquid-like response, can be framed as a transition in energy storage. Contrary to prior hypotheses connecting yield to loss of network connectivity, the network persists after flow startup and a predictive model connecting hierarchical structure to early-time stress growth is presented. We devised a novel approach to monitor bond stretching, compression, formation, and loss alongside macroscopic deformation. We find that changes in structure that underlie the stress growth and post-yield relaxation, as monitored by bond dynamics, indicate the switch from energy storage to release. After rheological yield, energy release continues if flow is sufficiently strong; however, when imposed flow is weak, energy release reverses after yield, and the gel densifies. This gives the important result that yield under weak flow can be viewed as a release from kinetic arrest, permitting the gel to evolve toward more complete phase separation. This supports our view that yield of weakly sheared gels is a `non-equilibrium phase transition'. Second, we compare our simulations to experimental measurements of colloidal gel rheology to study the influence of bond strength, volume fraction, and network morphology on the viscoelastic moduli. Strong agreement is found between linear viscoelasticity from sim...
Download or read book Bionanocomposites written by Carole Aimé and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-09-05 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with a general overview of nanocomposites, Bionanocomposites: Integrating Biological Processes for Bio-inspired Nanotechnologies details the systems available in nature (nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids) that can be integrated within suitable inorganic matrices for specific applications. Describing the relationship between architecture, hierarchy and function, this book aims at pointing out how bio-systems can be key components of nanocomposites. The text then reviews the design principles, structures, functions and applications of bionanocomposites. It also includes a section presenting related technical methods to help readers identify and understand the most widely used analytical tools such as mass spectrometry, calorimetry, and impedance spectroscopy, among others.
Download or read book Probing Out of Equilibrium Soft Matter written by Roberto Cerbino and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-04-11 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
