Download or read book Dynamics and Effects of the Tropical Instability Waves written by Nickolay G. Baturin and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Equatorial Pacific dynamics written by Luciano Ponzi Pezzi and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Empirical Studies of Equatorial Ocean Dynamics from the Tropical Instability Wave Experiment written by Lin Qiao and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Tropical Instability Waves and Mixing in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean written by Ryan Mahony Holmes and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The unique dynamics of the equatorial oceans play an important role in the El Nino - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the ocean's meridional overturning circulation (MOC), both of which are critical processes that drive global climate variability on a range of time-scales. This dissertation makes a number of contributions to our understanding of equatorial ocean dynamics, lateral and vertical mixing at the equator, the behavior of equatorial waves and deep equatorial mixing, with implications for both ENSO and the MOC. The main contributions are: 1) Tropical instability waves (TIWs), the main drivers of lateral eddy mixing in the eastern equatorial Pacific, share a number of dynamical features with submesoscale flows in the mid-latitudes. In particular, their formation depends on the detailed frontal dynamics and sharp vertical gradients around their fringes, with implications for TIW energetics and the accurate representation of TIWs in low-resolution ocean models. 2) TIWs drive modulations in vertical mixing by altering the vertical shear of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) through horizontal vortex stretching. This modulation can drive net sea surface cooling over the eastern Pacific cold tongue that may partially offset the warming driven by TIW lateral mixing. The magnitude of the net cooling depends on the mixing scheme used to parameterize vertical mixing, with implications for the role of TIWs in the mixed-layer heat budget in different ocean models. 3) Downwelling (upwelling) equatorial Kelvin waves can drive large decreases (increases) in the amplitude of the TIW field in the eastern equatorial Pacific and thus TIW-driven lateral and vertical mixing. The Kelvin waves alter the strength and structure of the background flow from which the TIWs gain energy, resulting in complex changes to the TIW energy budget. One major sink of TIW energy, the downward radiation of waves, is strongly altered with implications for deep and abyssal equatorial ocean circulation. 4) Mixing in the abyssal equatorial Pacific can exhibit a seafloor-intensified vertical structure even over smooth topography. The generation and breaking of lee waves over smooth topography at low latitudes is one possible mechanism that could contribute to this mixing. However, downward-propagating equatorial waves generated at the surface by TIWs or wind events could also supply energy for seafloor-intensified mixing through two possible mechanisms, wave trapping due to the horizontal component of Earth's rotation and inertial instability initiated by wave-driven displacement of fluid away from the equator. These results suggest that more attention should be devoted to measuring and understanding mixing over smooth topography in the abyssal equatorial oceans because of its potential role in the global overturning circulation.

Download or read book Tropical Instability Waves and Effects Related to Them written by G. S. Dvoryaninov and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ocean Wave Dynamics written by Ian Young and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2020-03-20 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocean Wave Dynamics is the most up-to-date book of its kind on the three main processes responsible for the generation and evolution of ocean waves: (i) atmospheric input from the wind, (ii) wave breaking and (iii) nonlinear interactions.Ocean waves are important for many reasons. They are the major environmental impact on in the design of coastal or offshore structures. Ocean waves are also fundamental to the processes of coastal flooding and beach erosion. They will play a major role in storm related coastal flooding which will rise in frequency as a result of sea level rise. Ocean waves are also an important part of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system. They determine the roughness of the ocean surface and hence have an impact on winds, fluxes of energy, gases and heat to the ocean and even the stability of ice sheets.Containing the latest research on ocean waves, it is a valuable resource for an overview of knowledge in this important field.Related Link(s)

Download or read book High Resolution Numerical Modelling of the Atmosphere and Ocean written by Kevin Hamilton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-25 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly relevant text documents the first international meeting focused specifically on high-resolution atmospheric and oceanic modeling. It was held recently at the Earth Simulator Center in Yokohama, Japan. Rather than producing a standard conference proceedings volume, the editors have decided to compose this volume entirely of papers written by invited speakers at the meeting, who report on their most exciting recent results involving high resolution modeling.

Download or read book Impact of Tropical Instability Waves in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific written by Balachandrudu Narapusetty and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Impact of Tropical Instability Waves on Nutrient and Chlorophyll Distributions in the Equatorial Pacific written by William Wiley Evans and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical instability waves (TIWs) are prominent seasonal features in both the equatorial Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. This work quantifies their role in modulating the distributions of nutrients and phytoplankton biomass. Using an eight year record of biannual ship observations along the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) buoy array, cruise sections crossing TIWs were identified. Both a case study approach of individual TIWs and a first attempt at calculating their average effect on mixed layer properties were performed. Examination of individual TIWs demonstrates that their effect on nutrient and chlorophyll distributions is a function of the TIW intensity. Both strong and weak TIWs drive elevated nutrient concentrations directly on the equator, but strong TIWs possess enhanced recirculation which advects nutrient- and chlorophyll-poor waters from adjacent to the upwelling zone equatorward. This decreases nutrient concentrations from approximately 2°N to 8°N. Weak TIWs retain elevated nutrient concentrations in this latitudinal band due to less recirculation in TIW vortices, permitting chlorophyll increases. These differences between strong and weak TIWs were only observed north of the equator. Less recirculation was observed in TIW vortices south of the equator. This resulted in nutrient enhancements from TIWs along the southern portions of the cruise sections, especially in the eastern Pacific. The differences between northern and southern TIW dynamics suggest strong differences in TIW modulated carbon cycling between the two hemispheres. Seasonal modification of the equatorial currents also influences the extent to which TIWs alter nutrient and chlorophyll distributions. TIWs observed during boreal winter demonstrated enhanced nutrient and chlorophyll concentrations north of the equator. This resulted from the water mass north of the upwelling zone containing elevated nutrient and chlorophyll concentrations due to a shallow thermocline. Thermocline shoaling in boreal winter is the result of a slowing in the South Equatorial Current and North Equatorial Countercurrent caused by the seasonal decrease in westward trade wind velocities. These results suggest that there is a synergistic effect from TIWs and the seasonal shoaling of the thermocline which may be important for carbon cycling north of the equator. Composites of average mixed layer nutrient concentrations show TIW-induced nutrient enhancement on and south of the equator along most of the TAO lines, but no subsequent increase in mixed layer chlorophyll. This is likely due to the lag time between nutrient enhancement and biomass increase and/or chlorophyll increases in unsampled portions of the vortex. Regions of elevated chlorophyll concentrations were observed in SeaWiFS composites in unsampled portions of TIWs, which suggests that TIW induced lateral transport of nutrients may be driving important episodic export events south of the equator.

Download or read book Tropical Atmospheric Dynamics Modulated by Large scale Flows written by Amanda Corinne Back and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zonally long tropical wave dynamics in the presence of large-scale meridional and vertical overturning circulation are studied in an idealized model based on the Intraseasonal Multiscale Moist Dynamics (IMMD) asymptotic theory. The model consists of coupled systems of shallow water equations describing interacting barotropic and first baroclinic vertical modes advected by a zonally symmetric, temporally invariant background circulation. The long zonal scaling of the perturbation waves is suitable for studying the gross features of the Madden-Julian Oscillation; the planetary-scale background circulation mimics the meridional and vertical branches of Hadley cell. Equatorially-trapped baroclinic Rossby waves become coupled to planetary, barotropic free Rossby waves. The Kelvin wave's barotropic component does not penetrate the tropical wave guide but effects a westward tilted vertical structure, such that curves of constant phase tend westward with height. Under the assumptions of zonal and temporal invariance for the background circulation, all perturbation waves are found to be neutrally stable, conserving energy. A critical layer exists at latitudes where the meridional background flow vanishes, resulting in a minimum frequency cut-off for physically feasible waves. During Austral winter, equatorial Kelvin wave activity in the western Pacific is preceded by extratropical Rossby waves propagating into the region. To investigate this phenomenon, dry dynamical multiscale equations are here developed describing synoptic-scale waves modulated by a meridionally and vertically sheared subequatorial jet. Eigensolutions of the system include the classic Matsuno modes, westward-propagating barotropic plane waves, shear-trapped off-equatorial Rossby waves, and off-equatorial Rossby waves moving at approximately Kelvin wave speed which feature a Kelvin-like signature near the equator. Thus the true Kelvin wave, which remains stable, is shown to coexist with the hybrid Rossby-Kelvin wave, which may destabilize. Furthermore, the hybrid wave is found to exist across a wide selection of parameters. Waves are studied for zonal wave numbers between 4 and 8, in jets of varying vertically-averaged strength and baroclinic shear strength--sufficient to transport jet-driven modes to eastward propagation and wave speeds similar to that of the Kelvin wave--and of latitude varying from 20° to 40° south of the equator. Jet-driven waves with large projections onto the equator can be found in all of these instances. However, the amplitude of the projection onto the equator is strongest for the lowest-latitude jets, and the range of wave speeds at which the projection is substantial increases with decreasing zonal wave number. At the same time, the modes destabilize according to the customs of jet-trapped midlatitude perturbations, as instability increases with jet latitude and vertical shear.

Download or read book Tropical Wave Dynamics written by Chih-Pei Chang and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research may be divided into the following three parts: (a) waves forced by condensation heating in the troposphere, (b) the local barotropic instability produced by a spatially varying basic flow, (c) the numerical modeling of the wave-basic flow interactine system. In the first part, the problem of the vertical structure of tropical waves generated by cumulus heating is treated for the following two cases: (1) heating is controlled by large-scale low-level convergence and (2) heating receives no feedback from large-scale motion. In the first case it is shown that waves which have a short vertical wavelength relative to the vertical scale of heating are stable, and the structure of the most unstable solution is computed. In the second case it is shown that the forcing is most efficient for the longest zonal wavelength and that the most favored vertical wavelength is about twice the vertical scale of the heating. The effect of cumulus damping on planetary-scale Kelvin-like oscillation gives solution which resembles certain observed tropical circulation.

Download or read book Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics written by Geoffrey K. Vallis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-11-06 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluid dynamics is fundamental to our understanding of the atmosphere and oceans. Although many of the same principles of fluid dynamics apply to both the atmosphere and oceans, textbooks tend to concentrate on the atmosphere, the ocean, or the theory of geophysical fluid dynamics (GFD). This textbook provides a comprehensive unified treatment of atmospheric and oceanic fluid dynamics. The book introduces the fundamentals of geophysical fluid dynamics, including rotation and stratification, vorticity and potential vorticity, and scaling and approximations. It discusses baroclinic and barotropic instabilities, wave-mean flow interactions and turbulence, and the general circulation of the atmosphere and ocean. Student problems and exercises are included at the end of each chapter. Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics: Fundamentals and Large-Scale Circulation will be an invaluable graduate textbook on advanced courses in GFD, meteorology, atmospheric science and oceanography, and an excellent review volume for researchers. Additional resources are available at www.cambridge.org/9780521849692.

Download or read book Dynamics of the Tropical Atmosphere and Oceans written by Peter J. Webster and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-06-08 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a unique and comprehensive view of the fundamental dynamical and thermodynamic principles underlying the large circulations of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system Dynamics of The Tropical Atmosphere and Oceans provides a detailed description of macroscale tropical circulation systems such as the monsoon, the Hadley and Walker Circulations, El Niño, and the tropical ocean warm pool. These macroscale circulations interact with a myriad of higher frequency systems, ranging from convective cloud systems to migrating equatorial waves that attend the low-frequency background flow. Towards understanding and predicting these circulation systems. A comprehensive overview of the dynamics and thermodynamics of large-scale tropical atmosphere and oceans is presented using both a “reductionist” and “holistic” perspectives of the coupled tropical system. The reductionist perspective provides a detailed description of the individual elements of the ocean and atmospheric circulations. The physical nature of each component of the tropical circulation such as the Hadley and Walker circulations, the monsoon, the incursion of extratropical phenomena into the tropics, precipitation distributions, equatorial waves and disturbances described in detail. The holistic perspective provides a physical description of how the collection of the individual components produces the observed tropical weather and climate. How the collective tropical processes determine the tropical circulation and their role in global weather and climate is provided in a series of overlapping theoretical and modelling constructs. The structure of the book follows a graduated framework. Following a detailed description of tropical phenomenology, the reader is introduced to dynamical and thermodynamical constraints that guide the planetary climate and establish a critical role for the tropics. Equatorial wave theory is developed for simple and complex background flows, including the critical role played by moist processes. The manner in which the tropics and the extratropics interact is then described, followed by a discussion of the physics behind the subtropical and near-equatorial precipitation including arid regions. The El Niño phenomena and the monsoon circulations are discussed, including their covariance and predictability. Finally, the changing structure of the tropics is discussed in terms of the extent of the tropical ocean warm pool and its relationship to the intensity of global convection and climate change. Dynamics of the Tropical Atmosphere and Oceans is aimed at advanced undergraduate and early career graduate students. It also serves as an excellent general reference book for scientists interested in tropical circulations and their relationship with the broader climate system.

Download or read book Essentials of Atmospheric and Oceanic Dynamics written by Geoffrey K. Vallis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-24 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a modern, introductory textbook on the dynamics of the atmosphere and ocean, with a healthy dose of geophysical fluid dynamics. It will be invaluable for intermediate to advanced undergraduate and graduate students in meteorology, oceanography, mathematics, and physics. It is unique in taking the reader from very basic concepts to the forefront of research. It also forms an excellent refresher for researchers in atmospheric science and oceanography. It differs from other books at this level in both style and content: as well as very basic material it includes some elementary introductions to more advanced topics. The advanced sections can easily be omitted for a more introductory course, as they are clearly marked in the text. Readers who wish to explore these topics in more detail can refer to this book's parent, Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics: Fundamentals and Large-Scale Circulation, now in its second edition.

Download or read book Dynamics of the Equatorial Ocean written by John P. Boyd and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first comprehensive introduction to the theory of equatorially-confined waves and currents in the ocean. Among the topics treated are inertial and shear instabilities, wave generation by coastal reflection, semiannual and annual cycles in the tropic sea, transient equatorial waves, vertically-propagating beams, equatorial Ekman layers, the Yoshida jet model, generation of coastal Kelvin waves from equatorial waves by reflection, Rossby solitary waves, and Kelvin frontogenesis. A series of appendices on midlatitude theories for waves, jets and wave reflections add further material to assist the reader in understanding the differences between the same phenomenon in the equatorial zone versus higher latitudes.

Download or read book Environmental Hazards written by Henry Keith Moffatt and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the priority areas of ICSU (The International Council for Science) is “Natural and Human-Induced Environmental Hazards and Disasters”. The School — held at the Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Singapore from 20 April to 2 May 2009 — on which this volume is based on was sponsored by ICSU and by its members from IUTAM (the International Union of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics) and IUGG (the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics).This volume provides an indepth graduate-level introduction to the fluid dynamics and geophysics of hazards such as tropical cyclones, flooding, atmospheric pollution and tsunamis. It also includes discussion of the possible effects of climate change on these phenomena. Indeed, the current importance of this area is of great public concern.

Download or read book Ocean Mixing written by Michael Meredith and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-09-16 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocean Mixing: Drivers, Mechanisms and Impacts presents a broad panorama of one of the most rapidly-developing areas of marine science. It highlights the state-of-the-art concerning knowledge of the causes of ocean mixing, and a perspective on the implications for ocean circulation, climate, biogeochemistry and the marine ecosystem. This edited volume places a particular emphasis on elucidating the key future questions relating to ocean mixing, and emerging ideas and activities to address them, including innovative technology developments and advances in methodology. Ocean Mixing is a key reference for those entering the field, and for those seeking a comprehensive overview of how the key current issues are being addressed and what the priorities for future research are. Each chapter is written by established leaders in ocean mixing research; the volume is thus suitable for those seeking specific detailed information on sub-topics, as well as those seeking a broad synopsis of current understanding. It provides useful ammunition for those pursuing funding for specific future research campaigns, by being an authoritative source concerning key scientific goals in the short, medium and long term. Additionally, the chapters contain bespoke and informative graphics that can be used in teaching and science communication to convey the complex concepts and phenomena in easily accessible ways. Presents a coherent overview of the state-of-the-art research concerning ocean mixing Provides an in-depth discussion of how ocean mixing impacts all scales of the planetary system Includes elucidation of the grand challenges in ocean mixing, and how they might be addressed