Download or read book Dynamical Phenomena at Surfaces Interfaces and Superlattices written by Manuel Cardona and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dynamical Phenomena at Surfaces Interfaces and Superlattices written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Structure and Dynamics of Surfaces I written by W. Schommers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last decade, surface research has clearly shifted its interest from the macroscopic to the microscopic scale; a wealth of novel experimental techniques and theoretical methods have been applied and developed successfully. The Topics volume at hand gives an account of this tendency. For the understanding of surface phenomena and their exploitation in tech nical applications, the theoretical and experimental analysis at the microscopic level is of particular interest. In heterogeneous catalysis, for example, a chemical reaction takes place at the interface of two phases, and the process occurring at the surface is composed of a sequence of individual microscopic steps. These individual steps include adsorption, desorption, surface diffusion, and reaction on the surface. These elementary steps are greatly influenced by the structure and the dynamics of the surface region. Especially the catalytic activity may strongly depend on the structure of the catalyst's surface. The necessity of per forming surface investigations on a microscopic scale is also reflected clearly in research work relating to metal-semiconductor interfaces which determine es sentially the properties of electronic device materials. The experimental probe on the atomic scale, coupled with parallel theoretical calculations, showed that the electronic properties of a metal-semiconductor interface strongly depend on the crystallographic structure of the semiconductor; in particular, it is im portant to know in this context the modification of the atomic arrangement in the surface region caused by the termination of the crystal by the surface.

Download or read book Dynamic Processes on Solid Surfaces written by Kenzi Tamaru and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When we see a jumbo jet at the airport, we sometimes wonder how such a huge, heavy plane can fly high in the sky. To the extent that we think in a static way, it is certainly not understandable. In such a manner, dynamics yields behavior quite different from statics. When we want to prepare an iron nitride, for example, one of the most orthodox ways is to put iron in a nitrogen atmosphere under pressures higher than the dissociation pressure of the iron nitride at temperatures sufficiently high to let the nitrogen penetrate into the bulk iron. This is the way thermodynamics tells us to proceed, which requires an elaborate, expensive high-pressure apparatus, sophisticated techniques, and great efforts. However, if we flow ammonia over the iron, even under low pressures, we can easily prepare the nitride-provided the hydrogen pressure is sufficiently low. Since the nitrogen desorption rate is the determining step of the ammonia decomposition on the iron surface, the virtual pressure of nitrogen at the surface can reach an extremely high level (as is generally accepted) because, in such a dynamic system, the driving force of the ammonia decomposition reaction pushes the nitrogen into the bulk iron to form the nitride. Thus, dynamics is an approach considerably different from statics.

Download or read book Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces written by Winfried Mönch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces deals with structural and electronic properties of semiconductor surfaces and interfaces. The first part introduces the general aspects of space-charge layers, of clean-surface and adatom-included surfaces states, and of interface states. It is followed by a presentation of experimental results on clean and adatom-covered surfaces which are explained in terms of simple physical and chemical concepts and models. Where available, results of more refined calculations are considered. A final chapter is devoted to the band lineup at semiconductor interfaces.

Download or read book Stability of Materials written by A. Gonis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineering materials with desirable physical and technological properties requires understanding and predictive capability of materials behavior under varying external conditions, such as temperature and pressure. This immediately brings one face to face with the fundamental difficulty of establishing a connection between materials behavior at a microscopic level, where understanding is to be sought, and macroscopic behavior which needs to be predicted. Bridging the corresponding gap in length scales that separates the ends of this spectrum has been a goal intensely pursued by theoretical physicists, experimentalists, and metallurgists alike. Traditionally, the search for methods to bridge the length scale gap and to gain the needed predictive capability of materials properties has been conducted largely on a trial and error basis, guided by the skill of the metallurgist, large volumes of experimental data, and often ad hoc semi phenomenological models. This situation has persisted almost to this day, and it is only recently that significant changes have begun to take place. These changes have been brought about by a number of developments, some of long standing, others of more recent vintage.

Download or read book Introduction to Surface and Superlattice Excitations written by Michael G. Cottam and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1989-04-06 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cottam and Tilley provide an introduction to the properties of wave-like excitations associated with surfaces and interfaces. The emphasis is on acoustic, optic and magnetic excitations, and, apart from one section on liquid surfaces, the text concentrates on solids. The important topic of superlattices is also discussed, in which the different kinds of excitation are considered from a unified point of view. Throughout the book the authors are careful to relate theory and experiment and all of the most important experimental techniques are described. The theoretical treatment assumes only a knowledge of undergraduate physics, except for Green function methods that are used in a few sections; these methods are developed in an appendix. The book also contains extensive references to enable the reader to consult the research and review literature, and problems are provided in each of the main chapters to allow the reader to develop topics presented in the text.

Download or read book Electronic Properties of Semiconductor Interfaces written by Winfried Mönch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using the continuum of interface-induced gap states (IFIGS) as a unifying theme, Mönch explains the band-structure lineup at all types of semiconductor interfaces. These intrinsic IFIGS are the wave-function tails of electron states, which overlap a semiconductor band-gap exactly at the interface, so they originate from the quantum-mechanical tunnel effect. He shows that a more chemical view relates the IFIGS to the partial ionic character of the covalent interface-bonds and that the charge transfer across the interface may be modeled by generalizing Pauling?s electronegativity concept. The IFIGS-and-electronegativity theory is used to quantitatively explain the barrier heights and band offsets of well-characterized Schottky contacts and semiconductor heterostructures, respectively.

Download or read book Molecular Beam Epitaxy written by Marian A. Herman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first-ever monograph on molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) gives a comprehensive presentation of recent developments in MBE, as applied to crystallization of thin films and device structures of different semiconductor materials. MBE is a high-vacuum technology characterized by relatively low growth temperature, ability to cease or initiate growth abruptly, smoothing of grown surfaces and interfaces on an atomic scale, and the unique facility for in situ analysis of the structural parameters of the growing film. The excellent exploitation parameters of such MBE-produced devices as quantum-well lasers, high electron mobility transistors, and superlattice avalanche photodiodes have caused this technology to be intensively developed. The main text of the book is divided into three parts. The first presents and discusses the more important problems concerning MBE equipment. The second discusses the physico-chemical aspects of the crystallization processes of different materials (mainly semiconductors) and device structures. The third part describes the characterization methods which link the physical properties of the grown film or structures with the technological parameters of the crystallization procedure. Latest achievements in the field are emphasized, such as solid source MBE, including silicon MBE, gas source MBE, especially metalorganic MBE, phase-locked epitaxy and atomic-layer epitaxy, photoassisted molecular layer epitaxy and migration enhanced epitaxy.

Download or read book Kinetics of Interface Reactions written by Michael Grunze and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the proceedings of the first Workshop on Interface Phenomena, organized jointly by the surface science groups at Dalhousie University and the University of Maine. It was our intention to concentrate on just three topics related to the kinetics of interface reactions which, in our opinion, were frequently obscured unnecessarily in the literature and whose fundamental nature warranted an extensive discussion to help clarify the issues, very much in the spirit of the Discussions of the Faraday Society. Each session (day) saw two principal speakers expounding the different views; the session chairmen were asked to summarize the ensuing discussions. To understand the complexity of interface reactions, paradigms must be formulated to provide a framework for the interpretation of experimen tal data and for the construction of theoretical models. Phenomenological approaches have been based on a small number of rate equations for the concentrations or mole numbers of the various species involved in a par ticular system with the relevant rate constants either fitted (in the form of the Arrheniusparametrization) to experimental data or calculated on the basis of microscopic models. The former procedure can at best serve as a guide to the latter, and is, in most cases, confined to ruling out certain reaction pathways rather than to ascertaining a unique answer.

Download or read book Elementary Physicochemical Processes on Solid Surfaces written by V.P. Zhdanov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: vi industrial process or a class of catalysts forms the basis of other books, with information on: fundamental science of the topic, the use of the pro cess or catalysts, and engineering aspects. Single topics in catalysis are also treated in the series, with books giving the theory of the underlying science, and relating it to catalytic practice. We believe that this approach is giving a collection of volumes that is of value to both academic and industrial workers. The series editors welcome comments on the series and suggestions of topics for future volumes. Martyn Twigg Michael Spencer Billingham and Cardiff Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . 1 . . . . . . . . Chapter 1. Vibrational Relaxation of Adsorbed Particles . . . .. . 5 1.1. General Approach to Describing Vibrational Relaxation ..... 5 1.2. Phonon Mechanism of Relaxation .................... 8 1.2.1. Relationship between the Simple Perturbation Theory and the Adiabatic Approximation .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . 9 . 1.2.2. One-Mode Approximation .................. . .. 11 1.2.3. Relaxation Caused by Correlation Potential Proportional to Displacement of Adsorbed Particle from Equilibrium ........................... 12 1.2.4. Relaxation Caused by Correlation Potential Proportional to Displacement of Surface Atom from Equilibrium ........................... 14 1.2.5. Results and Discussion ....................... 15 1.3. Vibrational Relaxation via Interaction with Conduction Electrons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 18 . . . . . . . . . 1.3.1. Dipole Approximation ......... '.' . . . . . . . . .. . . 18 .

Download or read book Surface Reactions written by R.J. Madix and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A treatment of the important aspects of physical chemistry on metal surfaces, including selective oxidation, desulfurization, cyclization, metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, alkane activation and hydrogen dissociation dynamics. Case studies focus on on the chemistry of selected systems, rather than the techniques, to convey the excitement of recent developments.

Download or read book Adsorption on Ordered Surfaces of Ionic Solids and Thin Films written by Hans-Joachim Freund and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adsorption on Ordered Surfaces of Ionic Solids and Thin Films introduces to a new and topical field of surface science for which rather little experience is available at present. It reviews the recent results of the employed analytical methods comprising all modern surface techniques including scanning tunneling microscopy and various kinds of electron spectroscopies. The present status of this new, clearly defined field of surface science is nearly completely overviewed by contributions from most of the research groups active in this field. The book is meant as a basis for the expected rapid development in this area with applications in catalysis, thin-film and semiconductor technology, sensors, electrochemistry, controlled preparation of ultrathin epitaxial surfaces, and interfaces of insultors as well as future molecular electronics.

Download or read book Surface Analysis Methods in Materials Science written by D.J. O'Connor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide to the use of surface analysis techniques, now in its second edition, has expanded to include more techniques, current applications and updated references. It outlines the application of surface analysis techniques to a broad range of studies in materials science and engineering. The book consists of three parts: an extensive introduction to the concepts of surface structure and composition, a techniques section describing 19 techniques and a section on applications. This book is aimed at industrial scientists and engineers in research and development. The level and content of this book make it ideal as a course text for senior undergraduate and postgraduate students in materials science, materials engineering, physics, chemistry and metallurgy.

Download or read book Ordering at Surfaces and Interfaces written by Akio Yoshimori and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the proceedings of the third in a series of biennial NEC Symposia on Fundamental Approaches to New Material Phases sponsored by the NEC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan. The symposium was held from October 7 to 11, 1990, at the Hakone Kanko H9tel in Hakone. About 40 invited participants stayed together, became involved in intense discussions, and freely exchanged ideas both in and out of the conference room, which faced Mt. Fuji, the beautiful lake Ashinoko, and the quiet landscape in the old crater. The title of this volume, Ordering at Surfaces and Interfaces, which was also the title of the third symposium, describes the aim of the symposium: to discuss ordering properties and their underlying mechanisms at surfaces and interfaces. The topics treated include the reconstruction of surfaces of semiconductors and metals, atomic and magnetic ordering at interfaces, theoretical tools to study or dering mechanisms at surfaces and interfaces, ordering in adsorbate-surface sys tems, such as alkali-adsorbed silicon surfaces, electric current effects on semicon ductor surfaces and many related STM (scanning tunneling microscopy) results.

Download or read book Helium Atom Scattering from Surfaces written by E. Hulpke and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High resolution helium atom scattering can be applied to study a number of interesting properties of solid surfaces with great sensitivity and accuracy. This book treats in detail experimental and theoretical aspects ofthis method as well as all current applications in surface science. The individual chapters - all written by experts in the field - are devoted to the investigation of surface structure, defect shapes and concentrations, the interaction potential, collective and localized surface vibrations at low energies, phase transitions and surface diffusion. Over the past decade helium atom scattering has gained widespread recognitionwithin the surface science community. Points in its favour are comprehensiveunderstanding of the scattering theory and the availability of well-tested approximation to the rigorous theory. This book will be invaluable to surface scientists wishing to make an informed judgement on the actual and potential capabilities of this technique and its results.

Download or read book Concepts in Surface Physics written by M-C. Desjonqueres and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook is intended as an introduction to surface science for graduate students. It began as a course of lectures that we gave at the University of Paris (Orsay). Its main objectives are twofold: to provide the reader with a compre hensive presentation of the basic principles and concepts of surface physics and to show the usefulness of these concepts in the real world by referring to experiments. It starts at a rather elementary level since it only requires a knowledge of solid state physics, quantum mechanics, thermodynamics and statistical physics which does not exceed the background usually taught to students early in their university courses. However, since it finally reaches an advanced level, we have tried to render it as self-contained as possible so that it remains accessible even to an unexperienced reader. Furthermore, the emphasis has been put on a pedagogical level rather than on a technical level. In this spirit, whenever possible, models which are simplified, but which contain the features that are essential to the appearance of the phenomena, have been set up and solved in a completely analytical way. The logic should be transparent enough for the reader although, most often, a more rigorous solution would need the use of a computer. To conclude, we have tried to give an account of surface physics which should be of use to the theoretician as well as to the experimentalist. The following comments can be made on the contents of this book.