Download or read book Dynamic Visual Servoing of Rotary Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles written by Hui Xie and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Visual servoing uses camera feedback to control a robot's motion. In particular, Image-based Visual Servoing (IBVS) laws minimize an error signal defined in the image space. This thesis considers IBVS design for rotary-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). This is a challenging problem due to the nonlinear perspective projection of image formation and the underactuated nonlinear dynamics of the UAV. Traditional IBVS approaches calculate the six Degrees of Freedom (DoF) velocity reference and feed it into an inner velocity tracking loop. This approach cannot be directly applied to IBVS of an underactuated UAV. To address this issue, all IBVS laws developed in this thesis consider the vehicle's dynamics, and this approach is termed as Dynamic Image-based Visual Servoing (DIBVS). As compared to traditional position regulation or tracking of UAVs, the nonlinear image kinematics leads to systems structure which makes the control problem challenging. In this thesis a state transformation is proposed to eliminate the time derivative of attitude in the image kinematics. This leads to a simpler system structure for control design. The state transformation is obtained by solving a system of first-order homogeneous Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). The existence of solutions is proven and the general solution provided. Using the transformed state, image moment features for a planar target with multiple points or parallel lines are proposed. The state transformation approach requires an attitude measurement which is commonly available for UAVs. However, this measurement contains small bias which results in state-transformation error and introduces a disturbance into the translational velocity dynamics. The state-transformation error is proven to be negligible. In this thesis, a quadrotor is adopted as the UAV platform to validate the proposed DIBVS schemes. The external force or torque is assumed to be the product of an aerodynamic gain and the square of the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal to the Electronic Speed Controller (ESC). This gain gradually decreases as battery voltage drops, and the resulting reduction in thrust has a noticeable effect on UAV motion in practise. The attitude bias, aerodynamic gain, and mass of the UAV are treated as unknown constants. Both Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) and adaptive DIBVS schemes are proposed to stabilize image feature error and are robust to this system uncertainty. Although in the transformed image state the convergence appears to remain in the camera Field of View (FoV), this may not be case for the actual camera image. To address this issue, a visual servoing scheme based on a nested saturation law is proposed to constrain the attitude of the quadrotor.
Download or read book Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Applications Challenges and Trends written by Mohamed Abdelkader and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-06-29 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a book that covers different aspects of UAV technology, including design and development, applications, security and communication, and legal and regulatory challenges. The book is divided into 13 chapters, grouped into four parts. The first part discusses the design and development of UAVs, including ROS customization, structured designs, and intelligent trajectory tracking. The second part explores diverse applications such as search and rescue, monitoring distributed parameter systems, and leveraging drone technology in accounting. The third part focuses on security and communication challenges, including security concerns, multi-UAV systems, and communications security. The final part delves into the legal and regulatory challenges of integrating UAVs into non-segregated airspace. The book serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and students in the field of unmanned aerial vehicles, providing a comprehensive understanding of UAV technology and its applications.
Download or read book Unmanned Aerial Vehicles written by Rogelio Lozano and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-04 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the basic tools required to obtain the dynamical models for aerial vehicles (in the Newtonian or Lagrangian approach). Several control laws are presented for mini-helicopters, quadrotors, mini-blimps, flapping-wing aerial vehicles, planes, etc. Finally, this book has two chapters devoted to embedded control systems and Kalman filters applied for aerial vehicles control and navigation. This book presents the state of the art in the area of UAVs. The aerodynamical models of different configurations are presented in detail as well as the control strategies which are validated in experimental platforms.
Download or read book Proceedings of 15th International Conference on Electromechanics and Robotics Zavalishin s Readings written by Andrey Ronzhin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-01 with total page 553 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book features selected papers presented at the 15th International Conference on Electromechanics and Robotics “Zavalishin's Readings” – ER(ZR) 2020, held in Ufa, Russia, on 15–18 April 2020. The contributions, written by professionals, researchers and students, cover topics in the field of automatic control systems, electromechanics, electric power engineering and electrical engineering, mechatronics, robotics, automation and vibration technologies. The Zavalishin's Readings conference was established as a tribute to the memory of Dmitry Aleksandrovich Zavalishin (1900–1968) – a Russian scientist, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences and founder of the school of valve energy converters based on electric machines and valve converters energy. The first conference was organized by the Institute of Innovative Technologies in Electromechanics and Robotics at the Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation in 2006.
Download or read book Aerial Robots written by Omar D Lopez Mejia and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-09-06 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few years ago, the topic of aerial robots was exclusively related to the robotics community, so a great number of books about the dynamics and control of aerial robots and UAVs have been written. As the control technology for UAVs advances, the great interaction that exists between other systems and elements that are as important as control such as aerodynamics, energy efficiency, acoustics, structural integrity, and applications, among others has become evident. Aerial Robots - Aerodynamics, Control, and Applications is an attempt to bring some of these topics related to UAVs together in just one book and to look at a selection of the most relevant problems of UAVs in a broader engineering perspective.
Download or read book Nonlinear Control of Fixed Wing UAVs with Time Varying and Unstructured Uncertainties written by Michail G. Michailidis and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-21 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces a comprehensive and mathematically rigorous controller design for families of nonlinear systems with time-varying parameters and unstructured uncertainties. Although the presented methodology is general, the specific family of systems considered is the latest, NextGen, unconventional fixed-wing unmanned aircraft with circulation control or morphing wings, or a combination of both. The approach considers various sources of model and parameter uncertainty, while the controller design depends not on a nominal plant model, but instead on a family of admissible plants. In contrast to existing controller designs that consider multiple models and multiple controllers, the proposed approach is based on the ‘one controller fits all models’ within the unstructured uncertainty interval. The book presents a modeling-based analysis and synthesis approach with additive uncertainty weighting functions for accurate realization of the candidate systems. This differs significantly from existing designs in that it is capable of handling time-varying characteristics. This research monograph is suitable for scientists, engineers, researchers and graduate students with a background in control system theory who are interested in complex engineering nonlinear systems.
Download or read book Dynamics Modeling of Agile Fixed wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles written by Waqas Khan and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Recent emergence of a special class of small fixed-wing UAVs called agile UAVs or highly maneuverable UAVs, has led to a renewed interest in modeling and understanding full-envelope fixed-wing aircraft dynamics. Agile UAVs are characterized by low weight and inertia, low aspect ratio surfaces with big control surfaces and large deflections, and a powerful thruster producing high thrust-to-weight ratio and a strong slipstream. Owing to this unique configuration, agile UAVs attain maneuverability that parallels that of rotary-wing and flapping-wing UAVs, therefore making them suitable for a wide range of tasks involving both conventional and extreme aerobatic flight. While RC pilots have long demonstrated the potential of agile UAVs, mimicking these capabilities autonomously remains at large a challenge, mainly because the behavior of these UAVs is not well understood. This work takes a first step towards understanding and simulating the behavior of agile UAVs for their full flight envelope. To this end, a six degree-of-freedom nonlinear dynamics model is presented. The model is validated for a YAK54 ARF Electric 3D Aerobat test platform having a wing span of 0.82 m. The inertial and geometric parameters are determined from measurements and a detailed CAD model. The agile UAV model incorporates aerodynamics based on a component breakdown approach. The full ± 180 deg. angle of attack and sideslip range is captured while also taking into account low aspect ratio as well as large control surface deflection effects both pre-stall and post-stall. The effect of quasi-steady and unsteady aerodynamics is also investigated. Aerodynamic interference between different components such as the wing, tail etc. is introduced in a simple fashion. Most of the aerobatic maneuvers of agile UAVs are possible due to its powerful thruster because it supports the aircraft weight, while its slipstream provides air over the aerodynamic and control surfaces to help maintain lift and control. In lieu of this, a detailed mathematical treatment for the thruster dynamics and the propeller slipstream effects have also been undertaken in the current work. A thruster dynamics model is developed by considering its components namely the battery, ESC, brushless DC motor, and propeller. Gyroscopic effects arising from large pitching and yawing of the thruster are also taken into account. For the slipstream, the effects of both axial and swirl components are considered. A novel model is presented to predict the axial velocity up to far downstream of the propeller.The last aspect of this work is the validation of the agile UAV model (implemented in Simulink). A multitude of experiments comprising of static bench tests and wind-tunnel tests are performed. A thorough validation is carried out against experimental data for the individual components as well as the overall agile UAV model. In general, the simulated results are in good agreement with experimental data. A final qualitative validation is also done by configuring the model to run in real-time with the pilot-in-loop and visual feedback provided through X-Plane. A professional RC pilot who has experience flying the real aircraft, tested the simulation by flying various RC maneuvers. His overall comments were that the simulation behaves much like the real aircraft." --
Download or read book Design of Control Laws and State Observers for Fixed Wing UAVs written by Arturo Tadeo Espinoza-Fraire and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-09-29 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Design of Control Laws and State Observers for Fixed-Wing UAVs: Simulation and Experimental Approaches provides readers with modeling techniques, simulations, and results from real-time experiments using linear and nonlinear controllers and state observers. The book starts with an overview of the history of UAVs and the equations of motion applied to them. Following chapters analyze linear and nonlinear controllers, state observers, and the book concludes with a chapter discussing testbed development and experimental results, equipping readers with the knowledge they need to conduct their own stable UAV flights whether in simulation or real-time. - Presents aerodynamic models for fixed-wing UAVs that can be used to design control laws and state observers - Applies linear and nonlinear control theories and state observers to fixed-wing UAVs - Provides real-time flight and simulation test results of fixed-wing UAVs with linear and nonlinear controllers
Download or read book Advanced Robust Nonlinear Control Approaches for Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle written by Moussa Labbadi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-14 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book studies selected advanced flight control schemes for an uncertain quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems in the presence of constant external disturbances, parametric uncertainties, measurement noise, time-varying external disturbances, and random external disturbances. Furthermore, in all the control techniques proposed in this book, it includes the simulation results with comparison to other nonlinear control schemes recently developed for the tracking control of a quadrotor UAV. The main contributions of the present book for quadrotor UAV systems are as follows: (i) the proposed control methods are based on the high-order sliding mode controller (SMC) and hybrid control algorithm with an optimization method. (ii) the finite-time control schemes are developed by using fast terminal SMC (FTSMC), nonsingular FTSMC (NFTSMC), global time-varying SMC, and adaptive laws. (iii) the fractional-order flight control schemes are developed by using the fractional-order calculus theory, super twisting algorithm, NFTSMC, and the SMC. This book covers the research history and importance of quadrotor system subject to system uncertainties, external wind disturbances, and noise measurements, as well as the research status of advanced flight control methods, adaptive flight control methods, and flight control based on fractional-order theory. The book would be interesting to most academic undergraduate, postgraduates, researchers on flight control for drones and applications of advanced controllers in engineering field. This book presents a must-survey for advanced finite-time control for quadrotor system. Some parts of this book have the potential of becoming the courses for the modelling and control of autonomous flying machines. Readers (academic researcher, undergraduate student, postgraduate student, MBA/executive, and education practitioner) interested in nonlinear control methods find this book an investigation. This book can be used as a good reference for the academic research on the control theory, drones, terminal sliding mode control, and related to this or used in Ph.D. study of control theory and their application in field engineering.
Download or read book Adaptive Hybrid Control of Quadrotor Drones written by Nihal Dalwadi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-01 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the dynamics of a tail-sitter quadrotor and biplane quadrotor-type hybrid unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and, based on it, various nonlinear controllers design like backstepping control (BSC), ITSMC (Integral Terminal Sliding Mode Control), and hybrid controller (BSC + ITSMC). It discusses single and multiple observer-based control strategies to handle external disturbances like wind gusts and estimate states. It covers the dynamics of slung load with a biplane quadrotor and a control architecture to handle the effect of partial rotor failure with wind gusts acting on it. An anti-swing control to prevent damage to the slung load and a deflecting surface-based total rotor failure compensation strategy to prevent damage to the biplane quadrotor are also discussed in this book. The monograph will be helpful for undergraduate and post-graduate students as well as researchers in their advanced studies.
Download or read book Aerial Manipulation written by Matko Orsag and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-19 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is a thorough treatment of the rapidly growing area of aerial manipulation. It details all the design steps required for the modeling and control of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) equipped with robotic manipulators. Starting with the physical basics of rigid-body kinematics, the book gives an in-depth presentation of local and global coordinates, together with the representation of orientation and motion in fixed- and moving-coordinate systems. Coverage of the kinematics and dynamics of unmanned aerial vehicles is developed in a succession of popular UAV configurations for multirotor systems. Such an arrangement, supported by frequent examples and end-of-chapter exercises, leads the reader from simple to more complex UAV configurations. Propulsion-system aerodynamics, essential in UAV design, is analyzed through blade-element and momentum theories, analysis which is followed by a description of drag and ground-aerodynamic effects. The central part of the book is dedicated to aerial-manipulator kinematics, dynamics, and control. Based on foundations laid in the opening chapters, this portion of the book is a structured presentation of Newton–Euler dynamic modeling that results in forward and backward equations in both fixed- and moving-coordinate systems. The Lagrange–Euler approach is applied to expand the model further, providing formalisms to model the variable moment of inertia later used to analyze the dynamics of aerial manipulators in contact with the environment. Using knowledge from sensor data, insights are presented into the ways in which linear, robust, and adaptive control techniques can be applied in aerial manipulation so as to tackle the real-world problems faced by scholars and engineers in the design and implementation of aerial robotics systems. The book is completed by path and trajectory planning with vision-based examples for tracking and manipulation.
Download or read book Advanced UAV Aerodynamics Flight Stability and Control written by Pascual Marqués and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-04-19 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensively covers emerging aerospace technologies Advanced UAV aerodynamics, flight stability and control: Novel concepts, theory and applications presents emerging aerospace technologies in the rapidly growing field of unmanned aircraft engineering. Leading scientists, researchers and inventors describe the findings and innovations accomplished in current research programs and industry applications throughout the world. Topics included cover a wide range of new aerodynamics concepts and their applications for real world fixed-wing (airplanes), rotary wing (helicopter) and quad-rotor aircraft. The book begins with two introductory chapters that address fundamental principles of aerodynamics and flight stability and form a knowledge base for the student of Aerospace Engineering. The book then covers aerodynamics of fixed wing, rotary wing and hybrid unmanned aircraft, before introducing aspects of aircraft flight stability and control. Key features: Sound technical level and inclusion of high-quality experimental and numerical data. Direct application of the aerodynamic technologies and flight stability and control principles described in the book in the development of real-world novel unmanned aircraft concepts. Written by world-class academics, engineers, researchers and inventors from prestigious institutions and industry. The book provides up-to-date information in the field of Aerospace Engineering for university students and lecturers, aerodynamics researchers, aerospace engineers, aircraft designers and manufacturers.
Download or read book Multi rotor Platform Based UAV Systems written by Franck Cazaurang and published by ISTE Press - Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-03-17 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multi-rotor Platform Based UAV Systems provides an excellent opportunity for experiential learning, capability augmentation and confidence-building for senior level undergraduates, entry-level graduates, engineers working in government agencies, and industry involved in UAV R&D. Topics in this book include an introduction to VTOL multi-copter UAV platforms, UAV system architecture, integration in the national airspace, including UAV classification and associated missions, regulation and safety, certification and air traffic management, integrated mission planning, including autonomous fault tolerant path planning and vision based auto landing systems, flight mechanics and stability, dynamic modeling and flight controller development. Other topics covered include sense, detect and avoid systems, flight testing, including safety assessment instrumentation and data acquisition telemetry, synchronization data fusion, the geo-location of identified targets, and much more. Provides an excellent opportunity for experiential learning, capability augmentation and confidence building for senior level undergraduates, entry-level graduates and engineers working in government, and industry involved in UAV R&D Includes MATLAB/SIMULINK computational tools and off-the-shelf hardware implementation tutorials Offers a student centered approach Provides a quick and efficient means to conceptualize, design, synthesize and analyze using modeling and simulations Offers international perspective and appeal for engineering students and professionals
Download or read book Autonomous Landing of Lightweight Helicopters on Moving Platforms Such as Ships written by Bilal Ahmed Arain and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents a novel position for rotary wing unmanned aerial vehicles (RUAVs) using a nonlinear control design technique called backstepping. The novelty of the research work is in extension of the backstepping approach to a class of underactuated mechanical systems like RUAV with significant flapping dynamics. The innovation in this research is in providing a correction dynamics by measuring the flapping angles. The work is experimentally tested in successful flight tests of RUAV. A higher-order RUAV model, including the rotor flap and the servo dynamics, is presented and validated using experimental flight data. The RUAV model presented in this thesis is suitable for designing an Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) of an RUAV. The nonlinear RUAV model is parameterized in such a way that most parameters are obtained from the linearized model by performing linear system identification about a few selected points. This identification process gives complete servo dynamics, geometric and inertial parameters, and velocity derivatives. The identified parameters of an RUAV model are verified using experimental flight data and are used to obtain its nonlinear model. The identified model is used to design a backstepping-based controller and its performance is tested using autonomous flight experimental results.
Download or read book Advances in Applied Nonlinear Dynamics Vibration and Control 2021 written by Xingjian Jing and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-23 with total page 1210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is to provide readers with up-to-date advances in applied and interdisciplinary engineering science and technologies related to nonlinear dynamics, vibration, control, robotics, and their engineering applications, developed in the most recent years. All the contributed chapters come from active scholars in the area, which cover advanced theory & methods, innovative technologies, benchmark experimental validations and engineering practices. Readers would benefit from this state-of-the-art collection of applied nonlinear dynamics, in-depth vibration engineering theory, cutting-edge control methods and technologies, and definitely find stimulating ideas for their on-going R&D work. This book is intended for graduate students, research staff and scholars in academics, and also provides useful hand-up guidance for professional and engineers in practical engineering missions.
Download or read book Unmanned Rotorcraft Systems written by Guowei Cai and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-01 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unmanned Rotorcraft Systems explores the research and development of fully-functional miniature UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) rotorcraft, and provides a complete treatment of the design of autonomous miniature rotorcraft UAVs. The unmanned system is an integration of advanced technologies developed in communications, computing, and control areas, and is an excellent testing ground for trialing and implementing modern control techniques. Included are detailed expositions of systematic hardware construction, software systems integration, aerodynamic modeling; and automatic flight control system design. Emphasis is placed on the cooperative control and flight formation of multiple UAVs, vision-based ground target tracking, and landing on moving platforms. Other issues such as the development of GPS-less indoor micro aerial vehicles and vision-based navigation are also discussed in depth: utilizing the vision-based system for accomplishing ground target tracking, attacking and landing, cooperative control and flight formation of multiple unmanned rotorcraft; and future research directions on the related areas.
Download or read book Selected papers from the 2nd International Symposium on UAVs Reno U S A June 8 10 2009 written by Kimon P. Valavanis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-11 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decade, signi?cant changes have occurred in the ?eld of vehicle motion planning, and for UAVs in particular. UAV motion planning is especially dif?cult due to several complexities not considered by earlier planning strategies: the - creased importance of differential constraints, atmospheric turbulence which makes it impossible to follow a pre-computed plan precisely, uncertainty in the vehicle state, and limited knowledge about the environment due to limited sensor capabilities. These differences have motivated the increased use of feedback and other control engineering techniques for motion planning. The lack of exact algorithms for these problems and dif?culty inherent in characterizing approximation algorithms makes it impractical to determine algorithm time complexity, completeness, and even soundness. This gap has not yet been addressed by statistical characterization of experimental performance of algorithms and benchmarking. Because of this overall lack of knowledge, it is dif?cult to design a guidance system, let alone choose the algorithm. Throughout this paper we keep in mind some of the general characteristics and requirements pertaining to UAVs. A UAV is typically modeled as having velocity and acceleration constraints (and potentially the higher-order differential constraints associated with the equations of motion), and the objective is to guide the vehicle towards a goal through an obstacle ?eld. A UAV guidance problem is typically characterized by a three-dimensional problem space, limited information about the environment, on-board sensors with limited range, speed and acceleration constraints, and uncertainty in vehicle state and sensor data.
