Download or read book Dynamic Trajectory Based Couch Motion for Improvement of Radiation Therapy Trajectories written by Robert Lee MacDonald and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Treatment Plan Optimization and Delivery Using Dynamic Gantry couch Trajectories written by Joel Mullins and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In radiation therapy, trajectory-based delivery involves the dynamic motion of linear accelerator components combined with continuous arc radiation delivery. The increased complexity of the delivery may yield dosimetric advantages, but the delivery technique has not seen clinical implementation. The purpose of this thesis work is to provide support for clinical implementation of trajectory-based treatment delivery, through the application of novel trajectories, implementation of a trajectory-based optimization algorithm, and verification of the treatment delivery accuracy under dynamic conditions.The initial study in this thesis applied translational couch trajectories to reduce the effective source-to-axis distance (SAD), with potential benefits due to the decreased projected size of the multileaf collimator and an increased effective dose rate. A noncoplanar trajectory was applied to patients presented with cranial targets, and treatment plans were optimized at shortened and standard SAD. Through comparisons to clinical treatment plans, the shortened SAD treatment plans yielded a fraction size dependent decrease in the treatment delivery time due to the increased effective dose rate. The noncoplanar trajectories yielded comparable plan quality to the clinical deliveries.The next study focused on the novel implementation of a trajectory optimization algorithm for concurrent gantry and couch rotation. The optimization algorithm implemented uses the column generation approach to simultaneously determine the trajectory path during volumetric modulated arc therapy optimization (simTr-VMAT). With comparisons to coplanar VMAT plans and to randomly generated trajectories that represent the solution space for the optimization problem, the simTr-VMAT optimization methodology was validated.The complex trajectory paths resulting from the simTr-VMAT optimizations were observed as a potential source of dose delivery inaccuracy. A trajectory smoothing procedure was implemented, and the base and smoothed treatment plans were delivered on the TrueBeam linear accelerator. The trajectory smoothing retained the treatment plan quality of the base trajectories. The delivery accuracy was largely within combined standard uncertainty. A systematic difference between measurement and calculation was observed that requires further investigation. The smoothed trajectory plans yielded improved agreement with measurement compared to the base trajectory plans.The final study investigated the gantry-couch rotation angle coordinate system. Trajectory optimizations were performed under a cartesian and spherical coordinate system for seven patient cases, using a overlap score map approach. The arclength between adjacent control points showed less variation for cases where the cartesian trajectory included arc segments with couch-only rotations. The objective function value was improved for 4 out of 7 patient cases for the spherical trajectories, but limitations of two-step trajectory optimization approaches were observed.Through the research presented in this thesis, clinical advantages of trajectory-based delivery were demonstrated, as well as the importance of trajectory smoothing to improve the accuracy of dose delivery. This work helps to pave the way towards the clinical implementation of trajectory-based treatment delivery"--
Download or read book Computational Science and Its Applications ICCSA 2019 written by Sanjay Misra and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-28 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The six volumes LNCS 11619-11624 constitute the refereed proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications, ICCSA 2019, held in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in July 2019. The 64 full papers, 10 short papers and 259 workshop papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected form numerous submissions. The 64 full papers are organized in the following five general tracks: computational methods, algorithms and scientific applications; high performance computing and networks; geometric modeling, graphics and visualization; advanced and emerging applications; and information systems and technologies. The 259 workshop papers were presented at 33 workshops in various areas of computational sciences, ranging from computational science technologies to specific areas of computational sciences, such as software engineering, security, artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies.
Download or read book Development and Implementation of Trajectory Optimization Technologies for Cranial Stereotactic Radiation Therapy written by R Lee MacDonald and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiotherapy treatment planning optimization employs metrics for the quantification of plan quality indicators based on a set of input desired criteria by the planner. Patient-specificity in current practice is limited to the customization and refinement of input optimization criteria to contextualize relative urgency. The arc geometry and machine trajectory in radiotherapy planning can create additional opportunities for optimization on a patient-specific basis. This work proposes novel technologies capable of leveraging new degrees of freedom in the domain of radiotherapy to improve radiotherapy plan quality. A series of four manuscripts form the basis for this thesis. The first manuscript, "Overlap Guided Fixed Patient Support Positioning Optimization for Cranial SRT", is an investigation into the optimization of couch rotation angle in the standard cranial stereotactic VMAT template to reduce the presence of overlap of sensitive structures with the targeted tissues in the aperture of the radiation beam. The second manuscript, "Dynamic Collimator Trajectory Algorithm for Multiple Metastases Dynamic Conformal Arc Treatment Planning", demonstrates a novel method of reducing the presence of uncollimated non-target anatomy from the aperture of the radiation beam and increases the efficacy of collimation by optimizing the rotation angles of the multi-leaf collimator. Additionally, it proposes the use of dynamically updated collimator angle throughout delivery to maximize the capacity of this optimization. The third manuscript, "Intra-Arc Binary Collimation Algorithm for the Optimization of Stereotactic Radiotherapy Treatment of Multiple Metastases with Multiple Prescriptions", demonstrates a novel method of aperture design in multiple metastases cranial radiosurgery which maximizes the presence of conformal aperture to increase the efficiency of monitor units, while regularly shielding targets completely to modulate dose to meet target prescription and healthy tissues sparing. Finally, the fourth manuscript, "CODA: Combined Optimization of Dynamic Axes", is the first investigation into the synergistic optimization of the rotation angle of the collimator, the rotation angle of the treatment couch, and the rotation angle of the gantry to accomplish the objectives of normal tissue sparing and treatment efficiency using a novel organization of cost function and trajectory design. These manuscripts form the basis for automated optimization of linear accelerator trajectories in cranial radiosurgery. Their implementation can result in significant increases in plan quality when compared to state of the art conventional treatment planning. The introduction of these additional forms of optimization can be used to mitigate the effects of inter-planner variation in plan quality by automating the steps performed in expert-planning.
Download or read book Evaluation of Dose Calculations and Couch Positional Accuracy in the Context of Dynamic Couch Trajectories written by Joel Mullins and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Varian TrueBeam STx linear accelerator features a developer's mode in which treatment plans can be programmed that include patient couch motion during radiation delivery. The combination of synchronous couch/gantry trajectories with Varian volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) optimizations, called RapidArc, can result in a treatment technique that has been designated Virtual Isocenter RapidArc (VIRA). Prior to its implementation, the accuracy of dose calculations in the Varian Eclipse treatment planning system, on which the RapidArc optimization depends, must be validated, as well as the positional accuracy of the TrueBeam patient couch. The dose calculation accuracy was evaluated extrinsically through the delivery of clinical dynamic multileaf collimator (DMLC) intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) treatment plans as a function of source-to-surface distance (SSD) and measurement with ionization chamber and Gafchromic EBT3 film. Parameters intrinsic to dose calculations in Eclipse, the dosimetric leaf gap (DLG) and leaf transmission (LT), were also investigated for their dependence on SSD. The positional accuracy of the treatment couch was assessed through the generation of treatment plans with static couch/gantry, static couch/rotating gantry, and synchronous couch and gantry motion, with measurement of the real-time ionization chamber current positioned in a cylindrical phantom during radiation delivery. The relative agreement of ionization chamber measurements to Eclipse dose calculations for DMLC IMRT treatment plans decreased by 1.5±0.3% over SSDs in the range of 85 cm to 135 cm (less than 1.0% deviation from standard clinical reference conditions of 100 cm SSD). Gafchromic EBT3 film measurements were consistent with ionization chamber results, though noise in the film data at low doses resulted in large uncertainties. Measurements of DLG were independent of SSD, following corrections for geometric projection. LT showed a dependence on SSD of 0.09±0.02% over the SSD range investigated. The ionization chamber current measurements for synchronous couch and gantry rotation, analogous to the proposed VIRA technique, indicated a maximum deviation of 0.2 cm relative to treatment isocenter, equal to the deviation observed for the rotating gantry/static couch treatment, analogous to conventional VMAT delivery. These results indicate that the Varian TrueBeam and Eclipse maintain the necessary positional and dosimetric accuracy required for VMAT treatments involving dynamic couch trajectories." --
Download or read book Adaptive Motion Compensation in Radiotherapy written by Martin J. Murphy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-12-14 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: External-beam radiotherapy has long been challenged by the simple fact that patients can (and do) move during the delivery of radiation. Recent advances in imaging and beam delivery technologies have made the solution-adapting delivery to natural movement-a practical reality. Adaptive Motion Compensation in Radiotherapy provides the first detailed
Download or read book Techniques to Minimize the Dosimetric Impact of Intrafractional Motion with Improved Treatment Accuracy and Efficiency on a C arm Medical Linear Accelerator written by Cody Church and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stereotactic radiosurgery is a high-dose therapeutic technique for treating cranial lesions. To ensure that treatment is safe and effective several techniques are employed, namely: (1) Image guidance to ensure accurate patient positioning (e.g. pre-treatment cone-beam computed tomography); (2) Use of immobilization devices (e.g. invasive frames or non-invasive thermoplastic masks) that fixate the patient to the treatment couch during therapy. Despite these efforts, intra-fraction motion on the order of several millimetres or degrees can occur that could impact target coverage, and dose received to healthy tissues. This work aims to quantify the dosimetric impact of motion during radiosurgery and develop two methodologies for addressing motion: 1) megavoltage (MV) imaging with region of interest (ROI) apertures to detect and correct for motion with couch translations. 2) Dynamic couch trajectories to minimize treatment distances during delivery which could improve treatment efficiency, potentially minimizing the magnitude and/or frequency of motion.
Download or read book Treatment Planning Optimization for Non coplanar Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy written by Franklin Okoli and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-coplanar VMAT has the potential to treat tumors that are located in close proximity of critical organs or that are partially surrounded by normal tissues. The use of dynamic couch-gantry trajectories offers an opportunity for more precise and accurate delivery of radiation during cancer treatments.Despite the improvements that have been seen in non-coplanar VMAT, challenges still persist.In this thesis, we present a methodology for the determination of collision free couch-gantry orientations. This methodology is proposed to avoid the possibility of a collision during the motion of the couch and gantry during treatment.We propose an algorithm based on simulated annealing for non-coplanar VMAT treatment planning. This algorithm is used to select the best possible beam orientations for the accurate delivery of the prescribed dose.We also propose a RRT inspired algorithm for generating the trajectory for the non-coplanarVMAT plan delivery. The algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of the addition of intermediate beam orientations observed in beam selection methods.From the results of studies on the proposed methods, improvements to collision detection, global optimization and trajectory generation for non-coplanar VMAT treatment planning were observed. These improvements include a better dosimetry with respect to reductions in mean dose to the organs-at-risk and a more efficient delivery trajectory.Our studies indicate that there exists a reasonable trade-off between treatment plan quality and plan deliverability if the dosimetry of the VMAT treatment plan is continuously monitored during trajectory generation.
Download or read book Handbook of Robotic and Image Guided Surgery written by Mohammad Hossein Abedin Nasab and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-09-25 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Robotic and Image-Guided Surgery provides state-of-the-art systems and methods for robotic and computer-assisted surgeries. In this masterpiece, contributions of 169 researchers from 19 countries have been gathered to provide 38 chapters. This handbook is 744 pages, includes 659 figures and 61 videos. It also provides basic medical knowledge for engineers and basic engineering principles for surgeons. A key strength of this text is the fusion of engineering, radiology, and surgical principles into one book. - A thorough and in-depth handbook on surgical robotics and image-guided surgery which includes both fundamentals and advances in the field - A comprehensive reference on robot-assisted laparoscopic, orthopedic, and head-and-neck surgeries - Chapters are contributed by worldwide experts from both engineering and surgical backgrounds
Download or read book Radiation Therapy Physics written by Alfred R. Smith and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to provide a uniquely comprehensive source of information on the entire field of radiation therapy physics. The very significant advances in imaging, computational, and accelerator technologies receive full consideration, as do such topics as the dosimetry of radiolabeled antibodies and dose calculation models. The scope of the book and the expertise of the authors make it essential reading for interested physicians and physicists and for radiation dosimetrists.
Download or read book Radiation Oncology A Physicist s Eye View written by Michael Goitein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-14 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers collected in this hugely useful volume cover the principle physical and biological aspects of radiation therapy and in addition, address practical clinical considerations in the planning and delivering of that therapy. The importance of the assessment of uncertainties is emphasized. Topics include an overview of the physics of the interactions of radiation with matter and the definition of the goals and the design of radiation therapy approaches.
Download or read book Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy written by S. Webb and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-05-06 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical conformal radiotherapy is the holy grail of radiation treatment and is now becoming a reality through the combined efforts of physical scientists and engineers, who have improved the physical basis of radiotherapy, and the interest and concern of imaginative radiotherapists and radiographers. Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy de
Download or read book Image Guided Cancer Therapy written by Damian E. Dupuy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-08-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Image-Guided Cancer Therapy: A Multidisciplinary Approach provides clinicians with in-depth coverage of the growing, dynamic field of interventional oncology. Combining the knowledge of expert editors and authors into one powerhouse reference, this book looks at tumor ablation, HIFU, embolic therapies, emerging technologies, and radiation therapy throughout the body (liver, bone, breast, gynecologic and prostate cancers, to name just a few) , and includes discussion of different imaging modalities. In the words of Peter Mueller, MD, author of the book’s Foreword: “... The senior authors are all world renowned experts in interventional oncology, which is another example of the high quality authorship and experience that is brought to this book. The later chapters discuss therapies that are simply not covered in any other source. Everyone who is doing or wants to do ablation therapies and interventional oncology will face a time when they will be asked to use their expertise in less used and less investigated areas. There is nowhere else where the reader can get information on the prostate, breast, and gynecologic areas, and especially pediatrics....This book is an outstanding contribution to the literature and will become a ‘must read’ for all physicians who are interested in Interventional Oncology.”
Download or read book The Physics of Radiation Therapy written by Faiz M. Khan and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2012-03-28 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Khan's classic textbook on radiation oncology physics is now in its thoroughly revised and updated Fourth Edition. It provides the entire radiation therapy team—radiation oncologists, medical physicists, dosimetrists, and radiation therapists—with a thorough understanding of the physics and practical clinical applications of advanced radiation therapy technologies, including 3D-CRT, stereotactic radiotherapy, HDR, IMRT, IGRT, and proton beam therapy. These technologies are discussed along with the physical concepts underlying treatment planning, treatment delivery, and dosimetry. This Fourth Edition includes brand-new chapters on image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT) and proton beam therapy. Other chapters have been revised to incorporate the most recent developments in the field. This edition also features more than 100 full-color illustrations throughout. A companion Website will offer the fully searchable text and an image bank.
Download or read book Accuracy Requirements and Uncertainties in Radiotherapy written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2017-04-12 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accuracy requirements in radiation oncology have been defined in multiple publications; however, these have been based on differing radiation technologies. In the meantime, the uncertainties in radiation dosimetry reference standards have been reduced and more detailed patient outcome data are available. No comprehensive literature on accuracy and uncertainties in radiotherapy has been published so far. The IAEA has therefore developed a new international consensus document on accuracy requirements and uncertainties in radiation therapy, to promote safer and more effective patient treatments. This publication addresses accuracy and uncertainty issues related to the vast majority of radiotherapy departments including both external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy. It covers clinical, radiobiological, dosimetric, technical and physical aspects.
Download or read book Proton Therapy Physics written by Harald Paganetti and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 691 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proton Therapy Physics goes beyond current books on proton therapy to provide an in-depth overview of the physics aspects of this radiation therapy modality, eliminating the need to dig through information scattered in the medical physics literature. After tracing the history of proton therapy, the book summarizes the atomic and nuclear physics background necessary for understanding proton interactions with tissue. It describes the physics of proton accelerators, the parameters of clinical proton beams, and the mechanisms to generate a conformal dose distribution in a patient. The text then covers detector systems and measuring techniques for reference dosimetry, outlines basic quality assurance and commissioning guidelines, and gives examples of Monte Carlo simulations in proton therapy. The book moves on to discussions of treatment planning for single- and multiple-field uniform doses, dose calculation concepts and algorithms, and precision and uncertainties for nonmoving and moving targets. It also examines computerized treatment plan optimization, methods for in vivo dose or beam range verification, the safety of patients and operating personnel, and the biological implications of using protons from a physics perspective. The final chapter illustrates the use of risk models for common tissue complications in treatment optimization. Along with exploring quality assurance issues and biological considerations, this practical guide collects the latest clinical studies on the use of protons in treatment planning and radiation monitoring. Suitable for both newcomers in medical physics and more seasoned specialists in radiation oncology, the book helps readers understand the uncertainties and limitations of precisely shaped dose distribution.
Download or read book Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer written by K. S. Clifford Chao and published by Lippincott Raven. This book was released on 2003 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first clinical book on the hottest topic in radiation oncology, this timely teaching text offers step-by-step guidance in use of IMRT for cancers at each subsite of the head and neck. The book's high-end content gives readers the clinical decision-making expertise and technical proficiency to incorporate this state-of-the-art radiation treatment technique into practice. Unique to this text is the site-specific instruction on target determination and delineation, to ensure adequate treatment of the tumor target while sparing adjacent normal tissue. More than 250 detailed full-color and black-and-white illustrations clarify each step in clinical implementations of head and neck cancer treatment, especially IMRT. The book provides a concise, pertinent overview of the natural course, lymph node spread, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic options for each head and neck cancer subsite. Numerous tables provide extensive summaries of the IMRT literature. Figures with succinct explanatory text demonstrate the patterns of direct tumor extension and nodal metastasis with which target volumes are determined and delineated. Clinical outcomes for patients treated with IMRT and with conventional techniques are also included.
