Download or read book Dynamic Reservoir Tank Modeling with Coupled Wellbore Model written by Brandon G. Thomas and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Coupled Modeling of Dynamic Reservoir Well Interactions Under Liquid loading Conditions written by Akkharachai Limpasurat and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid loading in a gas well occurs when the upward gas flow rate is insufficient to lift the coproduced liquid to the surface, which results in an accumulation of liquid at the bottom of the well. The liquid column in the tubing creates backpressure on the formation, which decreases the gas production rate and may stop the well from flowing. To model these phenomena, the dynamic interaction between the reservoir and the wellbore must be characterized. Due to wellbore phase re-distribution and potential phase-reinjection into the reservoir, the boundary conditions must be able to handle changing flow direction through the connections between the two subsystems. This study presents a new formulation of the wellbore boundary condition used in reservoir simulators. The boundary condition uses the new state variable, the multiphase zero flow pressure (MPZFP, p0), to determine flow direction in the connection grid block. If the wellbore pressure is less than the p0, the connection is producing; otherwise, it is injecting. The volumetric proportion of the flow is always determined by the upstream side. The new reservoir simulator is used in coupled modeling associated with liquid loading phenomena. The metastable condition can be modeled in a simple manner without any limiting assumptions and numerical stability problems. We also applied this simulator for history matching of a gas well flowing with an intermittent production strategy. A basic transient wellbore model was developed for this purpose. The long-term tubinghead pressure (THP) history can be traced by our coupled simulation. Our modeling examples indicated that, the new wellbore boundary condition is suitable in modeling the dynamic interactions between reservoir and wellbore subsystems during liquid loading. The flow direction through the connection grid block can be automatically detected by our boundary condition without numerical difficulty during the course of the simulation. In addition, the capillary pressure can be accounted at the connection grid blocks when applying our new formulation in the reservoir simulator. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151699

Download or read book Development of a Coupled Wellbore reservoir Compositional Simulator for Horizontal Wells written by Mahdy Shirdel and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two-phase flow occurs during the production of oil and gas in the wellbores. Modeling this phenomenon is important for monitoring well productivity and designing surface facilities. Since the transient time period in the wellbore is usually shorter than reservoir time steps, stabilized flow is assumed in the wellbore. As such, semi-steady state models are used for modeling wellbore flow dynamics. However, in the case that flow variations happen in a short period of time (i.e., a gas kick during drilling) the use of a transient two-phase model is crucial. Over the last few years, a number of numerical and analytical wellbore simulators have been developed to mimic wellbore-reservoir interaction. However, some issues still remain a concern in these studies. The main issues surrounding a comprehensive wellbore model consist of fluid property calculations, such as black-oil or compositional models, governing equations, such as mechanistic or correlation-based models, effect of temperature variation and non-isothermal assumption, and methods for coupling the wellbore to the reservoir. In most cases, only standalone wellbore models for blackoil have been used to simulate reservoir and wellbore dynamic interactions. Those models are based on simplified assumptions that lead to an unrealistic estimation of pressure and temperature distributions inside the well. In addition, most reservoir simulators use rough estimates for the perforation pressure as a coupling condition between the wellbore and the reservoir, neglecting pressure drops in the horizontal section. In this study, we present an implementation of a compositional, pseudo steady-state, non-isothermal, coupled wellbore-reservoir simulator for fluid flow in wellbores with a vertical section and a horizontal section embedded on the producing reservoir. In addition, we present the implementation of a pseudo-compositional, fully implicit, transient two-fluid model for two-phase flow in wellbores. In this model, we solve gas/liquid mass balance, gas/liquid momentum balance, and two-phase energy equations in order to obtain the five primary variables: liquid velocity, gas velocity, pressure, holdup and temperature. In our simulation, we compared stratified, bubbly, intermittent flow effects on pressure and temperature distributions in either a transient or steady-state condition. We found that flow geometry variation in different regimes can significantly affect the flow parameters. We also observed that there are significant differences in flow rate prediction between a coupled wellbore-reservoir simulator and a stand-alone reservoir simulator, at the early stages of production. The outcome of this research leads to a more accurate and reliable simulation of multiphase flow in the wellbore, which can be applied to surface facility design, well performance optimization, and wellbore damage estimation.

Download or read book A Coupled Wellbore reservoir Simulator to Model Multiphase Flow and Temperature Distribution written by Peyman Pourafshary and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrocarbon reserves are generally produced through wells drilled into reservoir pay zones. During production, gas liberation from the oil phase occurs due to pressure decline in the wellbore. Thus, we expect multiphase flow in some sections of the wellbore. As a multi-phase/multi-component gas-oil mixture flows from the reservoir to the surface, pressure, temperature, composition, and liquid holdup distributions are interrelated. Modeling these multiphase flow parameters is important to design production strategies such as artificial lift procedures. A wellbore fluid flow model can also be used for pressure transient test analysis and interpretation. Considering heat exchange in the wellbore is important to compute fluid flow parameters accurately. Modeling multiphase fluid flow in the wellbore becomes more complicated due to heat transfer between the wellbore fluids and the surrounding formations. Due to mass, momentum, and energy exchange between the wellbore and the reservoir, the wellbore model should be coupled with a numerical reservoir model to simulate fluid flow accurately. This model should be non-isothermal to consider the effect of temperature. Our research shows that, in some cases, ignoring compositional effects may lead to errors in pressure profile prediction for the wellbore. Nearly all multiphase wellbore simulations are currently performed using the "black oil" approach. The primary objective of this study was to develop a non-isothermal wellbore simulator to model transient fluid flow and temperature and couple the model to a reservoir simulator called General Purpose Adaptive Simulator (GPAS). The coupled wellbore/reservoir simulator can be applied to steady state problems, such as production from, or injection to a reservoir as well as during transient phenomena such as well tests to accurately model wellbore effects. Fluid flow in the wellbore may be modeled either using the blackoil approach or the compositional approach, as required by the complexity of the fluids. The simulation results of the new model were compared with field data for pressure gradients and temperature distribution obtained from wireline conveyed pressure recorder and acoustic fluid level measurements for a gas/oil producer well during a buildup test. The model results are in good agreement with the field data. Our simulator gave us further insights into the wellbore dynamics that occur during transient problems such as phase segregation and counter-current multiphase flow. We show that neglecting these multiphase flow dynamics would lead to unreliable results in well testing analysis.

Download or read book Higher Order Time Discretization of Compartmentalized Reservoirs written by Dan Wang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reservoir tank modeling has traditionally been employed to simplify complicated reservoir simulation models and to reduce computational time whilst maintaining model accuracy. In this thesis, we refine this concept by replacing a simple tank model with a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to model the dynamic changes of well inflow, aquifer influx, fluid compressibility, and pore volume. A dual time step method is used to solve the system of equations, which is not included in the existing model. Well transmissibility and aquifer sizes are kept constant during small time steps in which pressures and flow rates are solved. The new pressure is then used to update the well indices and aquifer size over larger time steps. This new model is transient during a single large time step calculation and hence represents an enhancement over standard finite difference method formulations. The reservoir is subdivided into a number of subvolumes representing individual reservoir compartments and aquifers, which may or may not be in communication. Using the concepts of transmissibility and compressibility, the complex 3D reservoir system is converted into a model that establishes flow into wells and between compartments. Pressure loss due to friction along the well is also fully integrated in the model. The multiple reservoir compartments and flowing wellbore are coupled to provide influx and inter-compartment fluid transfer. Employing the fourth-order Runge-Kutta Method, the ordinary differential equations generated by the system of reservoir units, are solved accurately and efficiently. The new method is verified by comparing it with a standard reservoir simulation launcher (Eclipse Trademark of Schlumberger Technology Corporation). Case studies are utilized to illustrate the results of the method which predict oil/gas production with water encroachment from an aquifer. Sensitivity analysis is performed to understand the relationships between input variables and output results in the model. For black oil reservoirs, this model incorporates wellbore friction and up to fifty reservoir compartments, which allows us to more accurately predict the reservoir performance. In addition, this model incorporates and compares the effects of compressibility for gas reservoirs, the results show that for those gas reservoirs with high rock compressibility, the gas reservoir model with water compressibility and pore volume term considered must be used in order to obtain more realistic simulation results.

Download or read book Integration of Numerical and Machine Learning Protocols for Coupled Reservoir wellbore Models written by Venkataramana Putcha and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the reservoir pressure declines with time, many of the wells do not have adequate bottom-hole pressure to carry the fluids to the surface. Under such circumstances, artificial lift mechanisms must be employed. Amongst various artificial lift mechanisms, a significant proportion of wells utilize the gas-lift mechanism, which is an extension of the natural flow. In gas-lift implementation, high pressure gas is injected into the wellbore through a valve, where injected gas supports production by altering the composition and reducing the density, and increasing the velocity of the produced fluids. In order to design a gas-lift system, a study of the inflow performance of the fluid from the reservoir into the wellbore, combined with the outflow performance of the fluids from the bottom of the wellbore to the surface is necessary. For this purpose, existing technologies for optimization of gas-lift systems predominantly use empirical correlations in order to reduce the computational overhead. These systems use a single-equation based inflow performance relations and black-oil outflow performance correlations that have restricted applicability in systems where the fluid composition varies spatially and temporally. The contemporary protocols consider the oil flow rate, water cut and formation gas-liquid ratio and well productivity index at a given instant of time to calculate the optimal quantity of gas lift injection. Due to this methodology, the effects of pressure decline and subsequent variations in well performance are not adequately captured. This results in a solution which determines the maximum liquid flow rate expected for a given gas lift injection rate only for the instantaneous period at which the study has been performed. This optimal gas lift injection rate may or may not provide the maximum total output of oil over the producing life of the well. As a first step, a compositional coupled numerical reservoir and wellbore hydraulics models has been developed as a part of this work. These hard-computing tools simulate the variations in composition, pressure and production profiles of a gas lift well and its associated reservoir from inception to abandonment. One more advantage of this method is that it can predict the future performance of a well with or without the details of well production history. This capability can be useful when gas lift is introduced in a well immediately after its completion post a drilling or a work-over job. Soft computing tools have gained popularity in the petroleum industry due to their speed, simplicity, wide range of applicability, capacity to identify patterns and ability to provide inverse solutions. The fully numerical coupled reservoir-wellbore simulator developed is computationally expensive. In order to develop a faster system, firstly, an ANN based wellbore hydraulics tool is developed and coupled with the numerical reservoir simulator. The data utilized for training the ANN tool was generated using the numerical wellbore hydraulics tool. Both the numerical and ANN wellbore hydraulics models were validated against cases from the field and another compositional numerical model from the literature. The average relative deviation with respect to field data was observed to be 2.2% and 2.4% respectively for the ANN and numerical wellbore hydraulics model, respectively. When compared against another compositional numerical model, the average relative deviation for the ANN based model was observed to be between 3.3% and 7.1%, while it was between 2.3% and 8.1% for the numerical model developed in this work. While the ANN based wellbore hydraulics model maintained the accuracy of the numerical model, it outperformed its counterpart the numerical model, by four orders of magnitude in terms of speed-up. The ANN based wellbore model was also coupled with the numerical reservoir simulator. This resultant model which involves a coupled numerical-ANN system is faster than the fully numerical coupled system by about 160 times. This coupled tool was used to generate a gas lift database of cumulative oil production of a well with various reservoir and wellbore operating conditions under a range of operating gas lift injection depths and flow rates. This database was used to develop an ANN based gas lift model that is capable of generating performance curves plotting total oil produced during the producing life of a well as a function of gas lift injection rate. Blind testing of the ANN gas lift model showed an average absolute error of 16.6 % with respect to the predictions of the coupled numerical-ANN reservoir wellbore model. This fully ANN based gas lift model provided a speed-up by four orders of magnitude with respect to the coupled numerical-ANN based model. Hence, a fast, robust and versatile model has been developed for maximizing total primary oil recovery using gas lift optimization through integration of numerical and neuro-simulation.

Download or read book Development of an Integrated Compositional Wellbore reservoir Simulator for Flow Assurance Problems written by Ali Abouie and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flow assurance problems such as asphaltene and geochemical scale precipitation and deposition are among the major operational challenges encountered during oil production. The variations in thermodynamic conditions such as pressure, temperature, and/or fluid composition can result in formation and deposition of solid particles (e.g., asphaltene and scale particles) in the reservoir and wellbore. Although asphaltene and scale precipitation and deposition can occur in the reservoir and near-wellbore regions, this problem is mainly observed in the production wells. Precipitation and deposition of asphaltene and scale particles in the wellbore can cause partial or total plugging of tubing. Asphaltene and scale precipitation from the reservoir fluids can also cause formation damage problems (i.e., pore throat plugging and wettability alteration) in the reservoir and near-wellbore region. These factors affect the economics of the project by lowering the production rate and requiring remediation. Application of improved oil recovery techniques such as waterflooding and miscible gas flooding has also increased the chances of scale and asphaltene formation in the wellbore and near-wellbore region. In this dissertation, we developed an integrated compositional coupled wellbore-reservoir simulator to accurately predict the detrimental effects of asphaltene and scale deposition on production performance of the oilfields. The simulation results illustrate the time and the location at which asphaltene and scale deposition damage the efficiency and productivity of the production wells. This prediction is highly crucial to monitor the production performance of the field, to optimize the field operating condition which leads to minimum asphaltene or scale formation, and to propose the effective remediation techniques. The developed wellbore model has the flexibility to work in standalone mode or in conjunction with the reservoir simulator. To accurately model the asphaltene phase behavior as a function of pressure, temperature, and hydrocarbon fluid composition, PC-SAFT equation-of-state is implemented into a non-isothermal, multiphase, multi-component compositional wellbore simulator (UTWELL). PC-SAFT models asphaltene precipitation by performing a three-phase flash calculation to determine the formation of the second-liquid phase or asphaltene-rich phase. Flocculation and deposition models are also integrated with the thermodynamic models to mimic the dynamics of asphaltene deposition during multiphase flow in the wellbore. In addition, the computational time of the reservoir simulator (UTCOMP) with PC-SAFT EOS was improved by parallelizing the phase behavior module. To investigate the dynamics of asphaltene deposition under fluid flow condition, several mechanisms such as asphaltene precipitation, asphaltene deposition, porosity and permeability reduction, wettability alteration, and viscosity modification were included in the developed model. For mechanistic modeling of scale deposition in the wellbore, a detailed procedure is presented through which a comprehensive geochemical package, IPhreeqc, is integrated within the wellbore simulator. The integrated model has the capability to model reversible, irreversible, and ion exchange reactions under non-isothermal, non-isobaric, and local equilibrium or kinetic conditions inside the wellbore. In addition, the effects of hydrocarbon components and weak acids dissolutions in the aqueous phase are included in the integrated model to accurately predict scale deposition profile. Moreover, the developed wellbore model and the reservoir simulator were coupled to investigate the effects of key parameters such as pressure, temperature, hydrocarbon fluid composition, aqueous phase composition, breakthrough time, particle transportation, and flow dynamics on asphaltene/scale precipitation and deposition. The coupled wellbore-reservoir model can also be applied to achieve the optimum solution (e.g., operating condition, injection water composition, injection gas composition) with minimum asphaltene/scale problems in the production system. Finally, continuous chemical injection model was implemented within the wellbore simulator to investigate the effectiveness of chemical injection on prevention of asphaltene precipitation. The simulation results revealed that proper selection of the type and injection rate of solvent can minimize asphaltene deposition in the wellbore

Download or read book A Coupled Geomechanics and Reservoir Simulator and Its Application to Reservoir Development Strategies written by Chao Gao (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new Coupled Geomechanics and Reservoir Simulator, CGRS, and a wellbore stability model, WSM, are utilized to provide dynamic infill drilling strategies - where to drill, when to drill and how to drill - that greatly improve upon the traditional constant stress path method. The stress path, defined as the ratio of the change of far-field horizontal stress to change of pore pressure, has a profound influence on wellbore stability while drilling in a depleted reservoir. Based on the common assumptions of uniaxial strain and homogenous depletion, the traditional analytical stress path solution is a function of Biot's coefficient and Poisson's ratio. Pore pressure depletion, however, is location and time dependent, not homogeneous. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the wellbore stability of infill wells with a coupled geomechanics and reservoir simulator. Two wellbore stability models, first a conventional wellbore stability model (CWSM) and second a Coupled Geomechanics and Reservoir Simulator Wellbore Stability Model (CGRS-WSM), were developed. For CWSM, the analytical stress path solution is applied to get updated far-field horizontal stresses. CGRS-WSM, however, does not require changes in far-field horizontal stress with pressure depletion. Rather, CGRS gives the stress field of the whole reservoir, and those stress components at a specific point in Cartesian coordinates are used directly in CGRS-WSM to calculate the mud weight window. For CGRS, an in-house coupled geomechanics and reservoir simulator is developed that considers lateral displacements and inhomogeneous depletion of the reservoir. In addition, an Abaqus model is also developed to analyze the influence of plasticity and stress arching on pore pressure and stress change during depletion, which are used in CGRS-WSM to investigate wellbore stability. Different shear failure criteria are utilized in a new CGRS wellbore stability model. The upper bounds of shear failure are given by Drucker-Prager Inscribes and Griffith Theory, while the lower bound is given by Drucker-Prager Circumscribe. Several case studies for drilling in a depleted reservoir compare CWSM with CGRS-WSM. There is a significant difference in the two maximum mud weights, with operational consequences, for example, as related to potential lost circulation problems. For some examples, the narrower mud weight from CGRS-WSM, as compared to CWSM, is a more realistic unsafe region warning. CGRS-WSM can quantify the influence of azimuth on the minimum and the maximum mud weight during the depletion when initial maximum horizontal stress equals minimum horizontal stress. In addition, CGRS-WSM can give the output of a location-dependent mud weight map for the entire reservoir. Neither of the above two functions can be realized by a conventional wellbore stability model. The CGRS-WSM in this work is a significant step in drilling infill wells in depleted zones, owing to its ability to quantify horizontal displacements, inhomogeneous depletion, plasticity, and stress arching, which cannot be done with the traditional analytical stress path procedure. Moreover, the connection of a coupled geomechanics and reservoir simulator with a wellbore stability simulator provides dynamic information useful to quantify where to drill, when to drill and how to drill. This new model can be used to investigate 'what if' scenarios, parameter sensitivity studies, case study reviews, and previously drilled well critiques

Download or read book Modeling of Multiphase Flow in the Near wellbore Region of the Reservoir Under Transient Conditions written by He Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In oil and gas field operations, the dynamic interactions between reservoir and wellbore cannot be ignored, especially during transient flow in the near-wellbore region. As gas hydrocarbons are produced from underground reservoirs to the surface, liquids can come from condensate dropout, water break-through from the reservoir, or vapor condensation in the wellbore. In all three cases, the higher density liquid needs to be transported to the surface by the gas. If the gas phase does not provide sufficient energy to lift the liquid out of the well, the liquid will accumulate in the wellbore. The accumulation of liquid will impose an additional backpressure on the formation that can significantly affect the productivity of the well. The additional backpressure appears to result in a "U-shaped" pressure distribution along the radius in the near-wellbore region that explains the physics of the backflow scenario. However, current modeling approaches cannot capture this U-shaped pressure distribution, and the conventional pressure profile cannot explain the physics of the reinjection. In particular, current steady-state models to predict the arrival of liquid loading, diagnose its impact on production, and screen remedial options are inadequate, including Turner's criterion and Nodal Analysis. However, the dynamic interactions between the reservoir and the wellbore present a fully transient scenario, therefore none of the above solutions captures the complexity of flow transients associated with liquid loading in gas wells. The most satisfactory solution would be to couple a transient reservoir model to a transient well model, which will provide reliable predictive models to link the well dynamics with the intermittent response of a reservoir that is typical of liquid loading in gas wells. The modeling work presented here can be applied to investigate liquid loading mechanisms, and evaluate any other situation where the transient flow behavior of the near-wellbore region of the reservoir cannot be ignored, including system start-up and shut-down.

Download or read book An Introduction to Reservoir Simulation Using MATLAB GNU Octave written by Knut-Andreas Lie and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-08-08 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents numerical methods for reservoir simulation, with efficient implementation and examples using widely-used online open-source code, for researchers, professionals and advanced students. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Download or read book Reservoir Modelling written by Steve Cannon and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential resource to an integrated approach to reservoir modelling by highlighting both the input of data and the modelling results Reservoir Modelling offers a comprehensive guide to the procedures and workflow for building a 3-D model. Designed to be practical, the principles outlined can be applied to any modelling project regardless of the software used. The author - a noted practitioner in the field - captures the heterogeneity due to structure, stratigraphy and sedimentology that has an impact on flow in the reservoir. This essential guide follows a general workflow from data QC and project management, structural modelling, facies and property modelling to upscaling and the requirements for dynamic modelling. The author discusses structural elements of a model and reviews both seismic interpretation and depth conversion, which are known to contribute most to volumetric uncertainty and shows how large-scale stratigraphic relationships are integrated into the reservoir framework. The text puts the focus on geostatistical modelling of facies and heterogeneities that constrain the distribution of reservoir properties including porosity, permeability and water saturation. In addition, the author discusses the role of uncertainty analysis in the static model and its impact on volumetric estimation. The text also addresses some typical approaches to modelling specific reservoirs through a mix of case studies and illustrative examples and: -Offers a practical guide to the use of data to build a successful reservoir model -Draws on the latest advances in 3-D modelling software -Reviews facies modelling, the different methods and the need for understanding the geological interpretation of cores and logs -Presents information on upscaling both the structure and the properties of a fine-scale geological model for dynamic simulation -Stresses the importance of an interdisciplinary team-based approach Written for geophysicists, reservoir geologists and petroleum engineers, Reservoir Modelling offers the essential information needed to understand a reservoir for modelling and contains the multidisciplinary nature of a reservoir modelling project.

Download or read book Shared Earth Modeling written by John R. Fanchi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-08-25 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shared Earth Modeling introduces the reader to the processes and concepts needed to develop shared earth models. Shared earth modeling is a cutting-edge methodology that offers a synthesis of modeling paradigms to the geoscientist and petroleum engineer to increase reservoir output and profitability and decrease guesswork. Topics range from geology, petrophysics, and geophysics to reservoir engineering, reservoir simulation, and reservoir management.Shared Earth Modeling is a technique for combining the efforts of reservoir engineers, geophysicists, and petroleum geologists to create a simulation of a reservoir. Reservoir engineers, geophysicists, and petroleum geologists can create separate simulations of a reservoir that vary depending on the technology each scientist is using. Shared earth modeling allows these scientists to consolidate their findings and create an integrated simulation. This gives a more realistic picture of what the reservoir actually looks like, and thus can drastically cut the costs of drilling and time spent mapping the reservoir. - First comprehensive publication about Shared Earth Modeling - Details cutting edge methodology that provides integrated reservoir simulations

Download or read book Principles of Applied Reservoir Simulation written by John R. Fanchi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-12-08 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hottest, most important topic to reservoir engineers is reservoir simulation. Reservoir simulations are literally pictures of what a reservoir of oil or gas looks, or should look, like under the surface of the earth. A multitude of tools is available to the engineer to generate these pictures, and, essentially, the more accurate the picture, the easier the engineer can get the product out of the ground, and, thus, the more profitable the well will be. Completely revised and updated throughout, this new edition of a GPP industry standard has completely new sections on coalbed methane, CO2 sequestration (important for environmental concerns), Co2 Flood, more sophisticated petrophysical models for geoscientists, examples of subsidence, additional geomechanical calculations, and much more. What makes this book so different and valuable to the engineer is the accompanying software, used by reservoir engineers all over the world every day. The new software, IFLO (replacing WINB4D, in previous editions), is a simulator that the engineer can easily install in a Windows operating environment. IFLO generates simulations of how the well can be tapped and feeds this to the engineer in dynamic 3D perspective. This completely new software is much more functional, with better graphics and more scenarios from which the engineer can generate simulations. This book and software helps the reservoir engineer do his or her job on a daily basis, better, more economically, and more efficiently. Without simulations, the reservoir engineer would not be able to do his or her job at all, and the technology available in this product is far superior to most companies' internal simulation software. It is also much less expensive ($89.95 versus hundreds or even thousands of dollars) than off-the-shelf packages available from independent software companies servicing the oil and gas industry. It is, however, just as, or more accurate than these overpriced competitors, having been created by a high-profile industry expert and having been used by engineers in the real world with successful and profitable results. - This reference is THE industry standard to successfuly modelling reservoirs, obtaining maximum supply and profiting from oil and gas reservoirs - Includes dowloadable software of the new IFLO reservoir simulation software, that can save your company thousands of dollars - This edition has been updated to included new sections on environmentally important issues such as CO2 sequestration, coalbed methane, CO2 Flood - The third edition also provides more sophisticated petrophysical models, examples of subsidence and additional geomechanical calculations

Download or read book Reservoir Simulations written by Shuyu Sun and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2020-06-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reservoir Simulation: Machine Learning and Modeling helps the engineer step into the current and most popular advances in reservoir simulation, learning from current experiments and speeding up potential collaboration opportunities in research and technology. This reference explains common terminology, concepts, and equations through multiple figures and rigorous derivations, better preparing the engineer for the next step forward in a modeling project and avoid repeating existing progress. Well-designed exercises, case studies and numerical examples give the engineer a faster start on advancing their own cases. Both computational methods and engineering cases are explained, bridging the opportunities between computational science and petroleum engineering. This book delivers a critical reference for today's petroleum and reservoir engineer to optimize more complex developments.

Download or read book Proceedings of the International Field Exploration and Development Conference 2023 written by Jia’en Lin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 1731 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Gas field Deliverability Forecasting written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To determine if a gas contract can be satisified now and in the future, it is necessary to forecast the performance of the gas reservoir, the gas inflow into the sandface, the multiphase pressure losses in the wellbore and gathering system and the field facilities. Surface production models which rigorously model from the sandface to the plant gate are available. However, these surface packages model reservoirs simply, in most cases as tank-type reservoirs. Comprehensive 3 dimensional reservoir simulators are available, but typically only include simple surface networks which don't adequately model multiphase flow in complex gathering systems. This paper describes the procedures used in a joint venture by two software vendors to combine an existing reservoir simulator and an existing surface facilities model into a single forecasting tool. Relatively small changes were made to each program. In the new model, the black oil reservoir simulator provides the formation pressure and water to gas ratio for each well. The surface facilities model then calculates the multiphase flow pressure losses in the wellbore and gathering system, plus the corresponding flow rates for each well. The actual production required from each well to satisfy the pipeline contractual requirements, over each time step, is computed by the surface facilities model and relayed back to the reservoir simulator. The time step is determined dynamically according to the requirements of each program. The performance and results from the coupled model are compared to that of running each model separately for a gas storage field in the USA and for a gas production field with bottom-water. It is shown that running each model separately does not account for all the factors affecting the forecast.

Download or read book Use of Streamline Simulation in Large Scale Reservoir geomechanical Modeling of Reservoirs written by Behrooz Koohmareh Hosseini and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing demand for hydrocarbons and decreasing reserves have created the necessity to produce oil and gas more efficiently and economically. Increasingly, oil and gas companies are focusing on unconventional hydrocarbons; oil sands, shales and CBM. For this class of reservoir materials, the geomechanical response of the reservoir can play an important role in the recovery process. For naturally fractured, stress sensitive reservoirs or thermal recovery processes, geomechanical processes play an even greater role in efficient, economic recovery. For simulations of these processes, most research efforts have been focused on reservoir geomechanical simulations using conventional reservoir simulators coupled to geomechanical codes. While coupled reservoir-geomechanics modeling has been recently widely studied in the literature, there is no applicable methodology implemented or proposed to mitigate the challenging computational cost involved with the inclusion of geomechanics in large multimillion-cell reservoirs. Past studies so far have focused on different coupling schemes, but not on the efficient and robust simulation workflows. This research was conducted with the aim of development and application of various different strategies to include geomechanics into reservoir simulation workflows in large scale reservoirs and in a timely fashion process. The research was performed to allow the future simulators to perform high resolution reservoir-geomechanical simulations in a large scale (near field and far field) with long simulation time windows and lowest computational cost. Initially, analytical proxies were developed and recommending for implementation in lieu of complex reservoir simulations. The analytical model was for prediction of heavy oil geomechanical responses everywhere in the reservoir. The model adopted the use of the mathematical domain decomposition technique and a novel temperature front tracking developed in the very early stage of the research. As opposed to classical analytical models, the proxy predicted reservoir flow and mechanical behavior (on a synthetic case geometry with real hydraulic data) everywhere in the reservoir and in dynamic and transient flow regimes. Subsequent research was aimed at reservoir-geomechanics coupled model order reduction by use of a numerical proxy. The proxy took advantage of streamline linear space behavior and power in decomposition of the reservoir domain into sub-systems (delineation/drainage areas). The combination of localization and linearization allowed predicting both mechanical and fluid flow responses of the reservoir with only solving the pressure equation in Cartesian underlying 3D grids and the solution of saturation transport equation along only one streamline. Following this, a streamline-based reservoir-geomechanics coupling was proposed and was implemented within a Fortran-C++ based platform. The new developed technique was compared in terms of computational cost and results accuracy with the conventional hydromechanical coupling strategy that was developed on a C++ based platform by use of collocated FV-FEM discretization scheme. One of the final stages of the research explored different streamline-based reservoir-geomechanics coupling strategies for full-field reservoir simulations. Various coupling strategies including sequential coupling schemes and a semi-fully coupling scheme to embed geomechanics into streamline simulation workflow was developed and performed. Numerical software with advanced GUI was coded on QT programming language (C++ based) developed to couple mechanical simulator to streamline simulation engine. While streamline simulations were the center of the research, the last stage of research was conducted on numerical and physical stability, convergence and material balance errors of SL-based reservoir-geomechanics class of couplings. The results provided a solid foundation for proper selection of time-steps in SL-based coupling to ensure a numerically stable and physically robust hydromechanical simulation. As a result we showed that use of streamline simulation in both proxy forms and simulator forms have significant added value in full-field reservoir-geomechanics simulations.