Download or read book Dynamic Pricing Strategies in the Presence of Demand Shifts written by Omar Besbes and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many factors introduce the prospect of changes in the demand environment that a firm faces, with the specifics of such changes not necessarily known in advance. If and when realized, such changes affect the delicate balance between demand and supply and thus current prices should account for these future possibilities. We study the dynamic pricing problem of a retailer facing the prospect of a change in the demand function during a finite selling season with no inventory replenishment opportunity. In particular, the time of the change and the postchange demand function are unknown upfront, and we focus on the fundamental trade-off between collecting revenues from current demand and doing so for postchange demand, with the capacity constraint introducing the main tension. We develop a formulation that allows for isolating the role of dynamic pricing in balancing inventory consumption throughout the horizon. We establish that, in many settings, optimal pricing policies follow a monotone path up to the change in demand. We show how one may compare upfront the attractiveness of pre- and postchange demand conditions and how such a comparison depends on the problem primitives. We further analyze the impact of the model inputs on the optimal policy and its structure, ranging from the impact of model parameter changes to the impact of different representations of uncertainty about future demand.

Download or read book Dynamic Pricing Under Demand Uncertainty in the Presence of Strategic Consumers written by Yinhan Meng and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the effect of strategic consumer behavior on pricing, inventory decisions, and inventory release policies of a monopoly retailer selling a single product over two periods facing uncertain demand. We consider the following three-stage two-period dynamic pricing game. In the first stage the retailer sets his inventory level and inventory release policy; in the second stage the retailer faces uncertain demand that consists of both myopic and strategic consumers. The former type of consumers purchase the good if their valuations exceed the posted price, while the latter type of consumers consider future realizations of prices, and hence their future surplus, before deciding when to purchase the good; in the third stage, the retailer releases its remaining inventory according to the release policy chosen in the first stage. Game theory is employed to model strategic decisions in this setting. Each of the strategies available to the players in this setting (the consumers and the retailer) are solved backward to yield the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium, which allows us to derive the equilibrium pricing policies. This work provides three primary contributions to the fields of dynamic pricing and revenue management. First, if, in the third stage, inventory is released to clear the market, then the presence of strategic consumers may be beneficial for the retailer. Second, we find the optimal inventory release strategy when retailers have capacity limitation. Lastly, we numerically demonstrate the retailer's optimal decisions of both inventory level and the inventory release strategy. We find that market clearance mechanism and intermediate supply strategy may emerge as the retailers optimal choice.

Download or read book Dynamic Pricing in a Distribution Channel in the Presence of Switching Costs written by Koray Cosguner and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We advance the literature on dynamic oligopoly pricing models in the presence of switching costs by additionally modeling the strategic pricing role of the retailer within the distribution channel. In doing this, we study the relative dynamic pricing implications of how current retail and wholesale prices for a brand must optimally take into account past and future demand, respectively, for the brand. Using scanner data from the cola market, we find that while the retailer exploits the benefit of inertial demand by appropriately increasing the retail profit margin, the cost of investing is borne entirely by the manufacturers. We use simulation studies to show how the retailer will lose its ability to leverage the benefits of inertial demand as consumers become more price sensitive. We also show that when inertia of the more price-sensitive customer segment increases, the aggregate welfare of consumers, the retailer, and manufacturers may increase.

Download or read book Pricing and Equilibrium written by Erich Schneider and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dynamic Pricing in the Presence of Strategic Consumers written by Mirko Kremer and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We investigate the impact of strategic consumer behavior on retailers' dynamic pricing decisions. We present a stylized two-period model, and test the equilibrium predictions in a set of behavioral experiments in which human subjects played the role of pricing managers. Our main insight is that relative to equilibrium predictions, subjects underprice in the main selling season. Consequently, they sell more inventory and obtain higher revenue in that season. However, by doing so they significantly limit their ability to generate revenue in the markdown season, which, in the presence of strategic consumers is a major source of revenue.

Download or read book Dynamic Pricing in the Presence of Strategic Consumer with Product and Intertemporal Substitution written by EunMi Lee and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study develops a dynamic pricing model with a quality substitutable product, taking into account strategic and myopic consumers. In each of the two periods, the firm can choose between offering a high quality product, a low quality product or both and the corresponding price for the product. Strategic consumers compare current utility with future utility in order to decide the time of purchase and the quality of the product in an attempt to maximize their utilities. Myopic consumers consider only current utility in purchasing of the products. We generate scenarios, prove whether a scenario is feasible and which scenario produces the best profit for the firm. Our result suggests that the firm obtains the best profit when it provides only high quality products in each of the two periods. In other words, the firm does not have to offer quality substitution as intertemporal substitution suffices to maximize the expected profit.

Download or read book Business to Business Pricing with High Fixed Costs and Inelastic Market Demand written by Hartwig Hermann Hagena and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dynamic Pricing of Experience Goods in Markets with Demand Uncertainty written by Yu-Hung Chen and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies a firm's optimal dynamic pricing strategies for its new experience goods inmarkets where the distribution of consumers' valuations is ex ante unknown. We examine whetherand how the firm facing information asymmetry and demand uncertainty can signal its high qualityand learn market demand through its pricing strategy. First, we find that a high-quality firm cancredibly reveal its true quality in the early period with either a skimming-pricing strategy or apenetration-pricing strategy under different conditions. Second, though a high-quality firm canbenefit more from learning market demand than a low-quality firm, the high-quality firm may inequilibrium adopt a penetration-pricing strategy to forgo the benefit of learning demand in orderto separate from the low-quality firm, who would adopt a skimming strategy to learn marketdemand. Third, although consumers have higher willing-to-pay for a high-quality product, thehigh-quality firm may in equilibrium charge a lower initial price than the low-quality firm. Fourth,interestingly, the high-quality firm may earn higher profits when its initial price is made underdemand uncertainty than under no uncertainty. Lastly, with perfect social learning (i.e., in the laterperiod, all consumers can learn the firm's quality from earlier customers), the high-quality firmcan in equilibrium signal its quality and learn market demand by adopting a skimming strategy.

Download or read book The Extinction of the Price Tag written by Sahaj Sharda and published by . This book was released on 2018-04-18 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Experience Curves and Dynamic Demand Models written by Robert J. Dolan and published by . This book was released on 1979* with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Optimal dynamic pricing for new products in the presence of network externalities written by Jinhong Xie and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dynamic Pricing Strategies for New Products with Extended Warranty Contracts written by Shengqiu Zhang and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Dynamic Pricing Strategies for New Products With Extended Warranty Contracts" by Shengqiu, Zhang, 张盛球, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: An extended warranty provides consumers the opportunity to rectify product failures at little or no cost after the expiry of the base warranty. Empirical evidence has shown that the selling of extended warranty contract (EWC) has become a profitable business in many manufacturing and retail industries. This thesis investigates the dynamic pricing problem for a new product with the option of purchasing an extended warranty contract (EWC). The research simultaneously determines the pricing strategies for both the product and the associated EWC, and the production rate to maximize the manufacturer's long-term total profit. The results show that the provision of EWC will significantly affect the optimal pricing strategy for the new product, and may also affect its optimal production plan. The research establishes three mathematical models for making optimal pricing decisions under different operational settings. The first model considers a centralized selling system in which the manufacturer sells the product and offers the associated EWC to the consumer directly. The second model extends the first one by incorporating the production and inventory decisions in the analysis. The third model considers a decentralized system in which the manufacturer sells the new product to consumers through an independent retailer. The EWC can be offered either by the manufacturer or by the retailer. It is shown that each scenario leads to a differential Stackelberg game in which the manufacturer and the retailer are players. For the first model, the Pontryagin maximum principle is used to derive the necessary condition for the optimal pricing strategies for both the new product and the associated EWC. Some properties for pricing the new product optimally are then studied. Apart from analysing the characteristics of the optimal pricing strategy under general demand conditions, closed-form solutions for the problem are also derived for some specific demand functions. In cases where closed-form solutions cannot be found, a gradient algorithm is applied to solve the problem numerically. In the second model, the production rate becomes a decision variable because the unit production cost depends on the chosen production rate. Results of the analysis show that the optimal selling price for the EWC remains the same as that in the first model, while the optimal selling price for the new product are affected by the production rate. The results also show that the gradient algorithm fails to converge, thus is no longer suitable for the second model due to the complexity caused by the boundary conditions. A more robust control vector parameterization method is then developed to compute the numerical solution. Analysing the third model theoretically indicates that some necessary conditions related to the optimal wholesale price and the optimal retail price must be satisfied for the existence of an open-loop Stackelberg equilibrium. Some important managerial insights are derived on the basis of the properties characterizing the optimal solution. The control vector parameterization method is then further developed to solve the differential game problem. Numerical experiments are then carried out to demonstrate which distribution channel results in the largest profit. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5435661 Subjects: Warranty Pricing

Download or read book Optimal Price Reaction Strategies in the Presence of Active and Passive Competitors written by Rainer Schlosser and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sales applications are characterized by competitive settings and changing market environments. Hence, prices have to be adjusted frequently. We analyze stochastic dynamic pricing models under competition for the sale of durable goods. Given a competitor's pricing strategy, we show how to derive optimal response strategies that take the anticipated competitors' price adjustments into account. We study resulting price cycles and the associated expected long-term profits. We show that reaction frequencies have a major impact on a strategy's performance. In order not to act predictable our model also allows to include randomized reaction times. Additionally, we study to which extent optimal response strategies of active competitors are affected by additional passive competitors that use constant prices. It turns out that optimized feedback strategies effectively avoid a decline in price. They help to gain profits, especially, when aggressive competitors are involved.

Download or read book Dynamic Pricing Strategies for Maximizing Customer Satisfaction written by Hershey H. Friedman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accountants are often asked for advice on pricing products, and their input is often quite helpful and necessary. Accountants, however, are very likely to focus on costs when trying to advise management on appropriate pricing strategies. Economists might focus on rules for maximizing short-run profits, i.e., set marginal revenue equal to marginal cost. This is because economists are more interested in studying the demand-curve for a product than in focusing on the actual costs; they are concerned with using demand (marginal revenue is derived from the demand curve) to determine the optimum price. Marketing executives, on the other hand, are more likely to focus on the different consumer segments since marketers are attuned to the idea of market segmentation. Market segmentation involves dividing the market into distinct groups of customers, each with their own needs, and considering each as a possible target market. The firm will then decide which segments to target and will provide the selected target markets with different products and/or different marketing mixes. Each of these approaches are valuable in pricing.The purpose of this paper is to introduce accountants to ideas from marketing and economics that can be quite helpful in determining the ideal price to charge for a product or service.

Download or read book New Developments in the Analysis of Market Structure written by International Economic Association and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1986 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These contributions discuss a number of important developments over the past decade in a newly established and important field of economics that have led to notable changes in views on governmental competition policies. They focus on the nature and role of competition and other determinants of market structures, such as numbers of firms and barriers to entry; other factors which determine the effective degree of competition in the market; the influence of major firms (especially when these pursue objectives other than profit maximization); and decentralization and coordination under control relationships other than markets and hierarchies.ContributorsJoseph E. Stiglitz, G. C. Archibald, B. C. Eaton, R. G. Lipsey, David Enaoua, Paul Geroski, Alexis Jacquemin, Richard J. Gilbert, Reinhard Selten, Oliver E. Williamson, Jerry R. Green, G. Frank Mathewson, R. A. Winter, C. d'Aspremont, J. Jaskold Gabszewicz, Steven Salop, Branko Horvat, Z. Roman, W. J. Baumol, J. C. Panzar, R. D. Willig, Richard Schmalensee, Richard Nelson, Michael Scence, and Partha Dasgupta

Download or read book Innovative Pricing Strategies to Increase Profi ts written by Daniel Marburger and published by Business Expert Press. This book was released on 2012-08-09 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the economic theory of the firm, businesses strive to determine the single price that maximizes profits. In fact, many firms can extract more revenue and increase profits with pricing strategies that are far more innovative than the single-price strategy. However, in the world of pricing, there is no “one size fits all” strategy. Some pricing strategies are better suited to some situations than others. Sam’s Clubs, owned by Walmart Stores, Inc., for example, charge a membership fee for the right to purchase the store’s inventory whereas Walmart Supercenters do not. If Suddenlink Communications bundles Internet, cable, and phone service to increase profits, why does it also sell the same items separately? Is it true that passengers seated next to each other on the same flight might pay dramatically different fares? Inside you’ll learn how various pricing strategies, including price discrimination, two-part tariffs, bundling, peak-load pricing, and dynamic pricing need specific and necessary ingredients in order to succeed. The authors show you how to use microeconomic theory to determine which pricing strategies will succeed, and under what conditions.

Download or read book Dynamic Pricing Implications of Uncertainity about Demand written by Eric Gordon Wruck and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: