Download or read book Dynamic Pricing in Declining Demand written by Rui Ota and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study is to investigate what theory predicts about price dynamics when firms face a decline in demand for their product due to an arrival of a new substitutable product. To this end, this paper constructs a dynamic duopoly model and simulates price paths. The study demonstrates that the price path is non monotonic and could be divided into three stages. The basic mechanism of generating the path is a trade off between two counteracting motives to set the price: Pricing lower to delay the adoption of the new product, and pricing higher to exploit price-insensitive consumers.
Download or read book Dynamic Pricing in Declining Demand written by Rui Ota and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study is to investigate what theory predicts about price dynamics when firms face a decline in demand for their product due to an arrival of a new substitutable product. To this end, this paper constructs a dynamic duopoly model and simulates price paths. The study demonstrates that the price path is nonmonotonic and could be divided into three stages. The basic mechanism of generating the path is a tradeoff between two counteracting motives to set the price: pricing lower to delay the adoption of the new product, and pricing higher to exploit price-insensitive consumers.
Download or read book Pricing and Equilibrium written by Erich Schneider and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume analyses value and equilibrium. Chapters on the decisions of household and on the theory of the firm (including short and long-term planning and investment) include both static and dynamic analysis. * Based on the enlarged sixth German edition this English edition contains many diagrams and an introduction to linear programming, as well as full treatment of the author's well-known theory of production.
Download or read book Dynamic Pricing Implications of Uncertainity about Demand written by Eric Gordon Wruck and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dynamic Pricing Implications of Uncertainty about Demand written by Eric Gordon Wruck and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pricing and Revenue Optimization written by Robert Lewis Phillips and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2005-08-05 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written for MBA students and practitioners, this book is a comprehensive introduction to the theory and application of pricing and revenue optimization.
Download or read book Dynamic Pricing in Retail Gasoline Markets written by Severin Borenstein and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper tests for price patterns in retail gasoline markets consistent with those predicted by models of implicit collusion among firms. Recent supergame models show that the highest supportable collusive price is a function of today's profit relative to expected future profit: collusive prices are higher when predictable changes in demand or cost lead firms to expect that collusive profits are increasing rather than declining. Ceteris paribus, collusive profits will be expected to increase when demand is expected to increase and/or costs are expected to decline. Using panel data on sales volume, and retail and wholesale prices in 59 cities over 72 months, we find results consistent with these predictions. Controlling for current demand and input price, the elasticity of current retail margins with respect to expected next-month demand is about 0.37. The elasticity of current margins with respect to next-month wholesale price is about -0.37. The results are inconsistent with inventory effects.
Download or read book Supermodularity and Complementarity written by Donald M. Topkis and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-02-11 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economics literature is replete with examples of monotone comparative statics; that is, scenarios where optimal decisions or equilibria in a parameterized collection of models vary monotonically with the parameter. Most of these examples are manifestations of complementarity, with a common explicit or implicit theoretical basis in properties of a super-modular function on a lattice. Supermodular functions yield a characterization for complementarity and extend the notion of complementarity to a general setting that is a natural mathematical context for studying complementarity and monotone comparative statics. Concepts and results related to supermodularity and monotone comparative statics constitute a new and important formal step in the long line of economics literature on complementarity. This monograph links complementarity to powerful concepts and results involving supermodular functions on lattices and focuses on analyses and issues related to monotone comparative statics. Don Topkis, who is known for his seminal contributions to this area, here presents a self-contained and up-to-date view of this field, including many new results, to scholars interested in economic theory and its applications as well as to those in related disciplines. The emphasis is on methodology. The book systematically develops a comprehensive, integrated theory pertaining to supermodularity, complementarity, and monotone comparative statics. It then applies that theory in the analysis of many diverse economic models formulated as decision problems, noncooperative games, and cooperative games.
Download or read book Dynamic Pricing with Demand Learning and Reference Effects written by Arnoud den Boer and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We consider a seller's dynamic pricing problem with demand learning and reference effects. We first study the case where customers are loss-averse: they have a reference price that can vary over time, and the demand reduction when the selling price exceeds the reference price dominates the demand increase when the selling price falls behind the reference price by the same amount. Thus, the expected demand as a function of price has a time-varying "kink" and is not differentiable everywhere. The seller neither knows the underlying demand function nor observes the time-varying reference prices. In this setting, we design and analyze a policy that (i) changes the selling price very slowly to control the evolution of the reference price, and (ii) gradually accumulates sales data to balance the tradeoff between learning and earning. We prove that, under a variety of reference-price updating mechanisms, our policy is asymptotically optimal; i.e., its T-period revenue loss relative to a clairvoyant who knows the demand function and the reference-price updating mechanism grows at the smallest possible rate in T. We also extend our analysis to the case of a fixed reference price, and show how reference effects increase the complexity of dynamic pricing with demand learning in this case. Moreover, we study the case where customers are gain-seeking and design asymptotically optimal policies for this case. Finally, we design and analyze an asymptotically optimal statistical test for detecting whether customers are loss-averse or gain-seeking.
Download or read book Context Based Dynamic Pricing with Separable Demand Models written by Jinzhi Bu and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dynamic Pricing Strategies in the Presence of Demand Shifts written by Omar Besbes and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many factors introduce the prospect of changes in the demand environment that a firm faces, with the specifics of such changes not necessarily known in advance. If and when realized, such changes affect the delicate balance between demand and supply and thus current prices should account for these future possibilities. We study the dynamic pricing problem of a retailer facing the prospect of a change in the demand function during a finite selling season with no inventory replenishment opportunity. In particular, the time of the change and the postchange demand function are unknown upfront, and we focus on the fundamental trade-off between collecting revenues from current demand and doing so for postchange demand, with the capacity constraint introducing the main tension. We develop a formulation that allows for isolating the role of dynamic pricing in balancing inventory consumption throughout the horizon. We establish that, in many settings, optimal pricing policies follow a monotone path up to the change in demand. We show how one may compare upfront the attractiveness of pre- and postchange demand conditions and how such a comparison depends on the problem primitives. We further analyze the impact of the model inputs on the optimal policy and its structure, ranging from the impact of model parameter changes to the impact of different representations of uncertainty about future demand.
Download or read book Empirical Dynamic Asset Pricing written by Kenneth J. Singleton and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-12-13 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by one of the leading experts in the field, this book focuses on the interplay between model specification, data collection, and econometric testing of dynamic asset pricing models. The first several chapters provide an in-depth treatment of the econometric methods used in analyzing financial time-series models. The remainder explores the goodness-of-fit of preference-based and no-arbitrage models of equity returns and the term structure of interest rates; equity and fixed-income derivatives prices; and the prices of defaultable securities. Singleton addresses the restrictions on the joint distributions of asset returns and other economic variables implied by dynamic asset pricing models, as well as the interplay between model formulation and the choice of econometric estimation strategy. For each pricing problem, he provides a comprehensive overview of the empirical evidence on goodness-of-fit, with tables and graphs that facilitate critical assessment of the current state of the relevant literatures. As an added feature, Singleton includes throughout the book interesting tidbits of new research. These range from empirical results (not reported elsewhere, or updated from Singleton's previous papers) to new observations about model specification and new econometric methods for testing models. Clear and comprehensive, the book will appeal to researchers at financial institutions as well as advanced students of economics and finance, mathematics, and science.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Business black and White written by Stephen J. Skripak and published by . This book was released on 2016-07-29 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Black & White version) Fundamentals of Business was created for Virginia Tech's MGT 1104 Foundations of Business through a collaboration between the Pamplin College of Business and Virginia Tech Libraries. This book is freely available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/70961 It is licensed with a Creative Commons-NonCommercial ShareAlike 3.0 license.
Download or read book Pricing and Equilibrium written by Erich Schneider and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-05 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume analyses value and equilibrium. Chapters on the decisions of household and on the theory of the firm (including short and long-term planning and investment) include both static and dynamic analysis. * Based on the enlarged sixth German edition this English edition contains many diagrams and an introduction to linear programming, as well as full treatment of the author's well-known theory of production.
Download or read book Innovative Pricing Strategies to Increase Profi ts written by Daniel Marburger and published by Business Expert Press. This book was released on 2012-08-09 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the economic theory of the firm, businesses strive to determine the single price that maximizes profits. In fact, many firms can extract more revenue and increase profits with pricing strategies that are far more innovative than the single-price strategy. However, in the world of pricing, there is no “one size fits all” strategy. Some pricing strategies are better suited to some situations than others. Sam’s Clubs, owned by Walmart Stores, Inc., for example, charge a membership fee for the right to purchase the store’s inventory whereas Walmart Supercenters do not. If Suddenlink Communications bundles Internet, cable, and phone service to increase profits, why does it also sell the same items separately? Is it true that passengers seated next to each other on the same flight might pay dramatically different fares? Inside you’ll learn how various pricing strategies, including price discrimination, two-part tariffs, bundling, peak-load pricing, and dynamic pricing need specific and necessary ingredients in order to succeed. The authors show you how to use microeconomic theory to determine which pricing strategies will succeed, and under what conditions.
Download or read book Innovative Pricing Strategies to Increase Profits Second Edition written by Daniel Marburger and published by Business Expert Press. This book was released on 2015-09-08 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perhaps the most confounding characteristic of the competitive marketplace is that everyone wants a piece of the action. If a firm successfully enters a new market, creates a new product, or designs new innovations for an existing product, it's just a matter of time before competitors follow suit. And the influx of competition inevitably places downward pressure on both price and profitability. Whether you're an economics student or a manager with absolutely no background in economics, this book will help you make better decisions and learn more about the Five Forces Model, (first published in 1979 by Harvard economist Michael Porter) which identifies the characteristics that can help insulate a firm from competitive forces. This book brings microeconomic theory into the world of the business manager rather than the other way around. The author expounds on microeconomic theory, enabling economists to take the knowledge back to the office and apply it.
Download or read book Dynamic Pricing for Non Perishable Products with Demand Learning written by Victor F. Araman and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A retailer is endowed with a finite inventory of a non-perishable product. Demand for this product is driven by a price-sensitive Poisson process that depends on an unknown parameter, theta; a proxy for the market size. If theta is high then the retailer can take advantage of a large market charging premium prices, but if theta is small then price markdowns can be applied to encourage sales. The retailer has a prior belief on the value of theta which he updates as time and available information (prices and sales) evolve. We also assume that the retailer faces an opportunity cost when selling this non-perishable product. This opportunity cost is given by the long-term average discounted profits that the retailer can make if he switches and starts selling a different assortment of products.The retailer's objective is to maximize the discounted long-term average profits of his operation using dynamic pricing policies. We consider two cases. In the first case, the retailer is constrained to sell the entire initial stock of the non-perishable product before a different assortment is considered. In the second case, the retailer is able to stop selling the non-perishable product at any time to switch to a different menu of products. In both cases, the retailer's pricing policy trades-off immediate revenues and future profits based on active demand learning. We formulate the retailer's problem as a (Poisson) intensity control problem and derive structural properties of an optimal solution which we use to propose a simple approximated solution. This solution combines a pricing policy and a stopping rule (if stopping is an option) depending on the inventory position and the retailer's belief about the value of theta. We use numerical computations, together with asymptotic analysis, to evaluate the performance of our proposed solution.
