Download or read book Dynamic Performance of Slurry Biological Reactor Systems for Nitrification and Dentrification written by John Roberts and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dynamic Performance of Slurry Biological Reactor Systems for Nitrification and Dentrification written by John Roberts (Chemist) and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reexamining the Engineered Nitrogen Cycle written by George Fraser Wells and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological wastewater treatment is a multi-billion dollar industry--the largest application of biotechnology in the world. Nitrification systems in these wastewater treatment plants are critically important barriers to nitrogen pollution, thereby protecting natural systems from ammonium toxicity, excess emissions of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide, nitrogenous oxygen demand, and N-stimulated eutrophication. Despite the environmental and economic importance of these processes, surprisingly little is known about the nature of the key biocatalysts (microbial communities) within nitrifying wastewater treatment bioreactors. The body of research presented in this dissertation targets three knowledge gaps in the microbial ecology of biological nutrient removal systems: microbial community dynamics and associated deterministic drivers; microbial diversity--namely, the 'core' and 'dispensable' microbiome in activated sludge and the relative importance therein of different groupings of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms to nitrogen transformations; and the importance of microbial immigration in structuring engineered microbial communities. In Chapter 2, I investigate the diversity, population dynamics, and relative importance of two key types of microorganisms in nitrogen removal processes--ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and newly-discovered ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA)--in a one-year time series of weekly activated sludge samples from a nitrifying wastewater treatment plant in California. I demonstrate that AOB predominate by 3 orders of magnitude over AOA in this system--an important result, given recent reports of natural environments dominated by AOA, and the first quantitative comparison of AOA and AOB in activated sludge. Moreover, my results reveal a predominance in the AOB community of a novel Nitrosomonas-like lineage and strong associations between AOB community dynamics and temperature, dissolved oxygen, influent nitrite concentrations, and primary influent chromium concentrations. In Chapter 3, I employ molecular fingerprinting analyses (T-RFLP) to characterize overall bacterial dynamics in activated sludge over the same one-year time period and to test a fundamental prediction of macroecological theory--the "Species-Time Curve"--In engineered microbial systems. My results reveal surprisingly strong long-term temporal dynamics in the activated sludge bacterial assemblage during a period of stable performance, with a gradual succession away from initial conditions likely linked to variations in dissolved oxygen, temperature, influent silver, biomass levels, and influent nitrite concentrations. I also provide significant support for a power-law taxa-time relationship (TTR) in activated sludge systems, as predicted by macroecological theory, with a power-law exponent (w=0.209) well in-line with those observed in macrobial systems. In Chapter 4, I detail an astonishingly high reservoir of overall microbial phylogenetic and functional diversity and unexpectedly large community dynamics in activated sludge via application of cutting-edge phylogenetic (PhyloChip) and functional gene (GeoChip) microarrays. While nearly 2,500 distinct microbial taxa distributed throughout 48 bacterial and archaeal phyla were observed in 12 monthly samples from a full-scale wastewater treatment bioreactor, the set of taxa that were present in all samples--the "core" microbiome--was limited to ~700 taxa. Dynamics in the ~1800 taxa present in only a subset of samples--the "dispensable" microbiome--were significantly associated with temperature and influent nitrite. Of 10,267 unique functional genes in 266 gene families that showed statistically significant hybridization signals to our functional gene microarray platform, only 66 unique functional genes were detected in all samples. In contrast, representatives from 63% of detected functional gene families were present in all samples. This core functional gene set encoded for resistance to several metals, specific organic degradation functions, cellulose degradation, nitrification, denitrification, and, surprisingly, sulfate reduction and methanogenesis. This first examination of the core and dispensable microbiome in an activated sludge bioreactor suggests that activated sludge microbial communities are functionally and phylogenetically highly diverse, but that only a fraction of this diversity constitutes a true core microbiome. In Chapter 5, I resolve a puzzling connection in Chapters 2-4 between microbial community dynamics and small levels of nitrite in the bioreactor influent by demonstrating intra-plant microbial immigration between coupled process units at a full-scale wastewater treatment plant. I provide converging lines of retrospective and prospective evidence that these microbial immigrants may be significant drivers of microbial community dynamics in engineered systems. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses demonstrated accumulation of AOB in a BOD--removal trickling filter and significant immigration to a downstream activated sludge bioreactor. T-RFLP analyses corroborated by clone libraries showed that Nitrosomonas europaea dominated the trickling filter, while a 'Nitrosomonas-like' lineage dominated in activated sludge. N. europaea was previously shown to predominate in activated sludge during elevated bioreactor influent NO2- events, strongly suggesting that activated sludge AOB community dynamics are driven in part by immigration via sloughing from the upstream trickling filter. High-density phylogenetic microarray (PhyloChip) analyses revealed an overabundance of methanogens in the trickling filter relative to the activated sludge bioreactor and demonstrated transport of a diverse heterotrophic assemblage to the activated sludge via the trickling filter effluent. Our results indicate that immigration may play an unexpectedly significant role in the microbial community assembly process in activated sludge bioreactors, with potentially profound implications for design and operation of this widely-used, environmentally and economically important technology. Taken together, my research suggests the utility of coupling fundamental microbial ecology research to bioprocess engineering. I anticipate that, in the long term, the results of my work on bioreactor microbial ecology will lay the framework for enhanced "microbial resource management" strategies for wastewater treatment bioreactors, a critically important application of environmental biotechnology.

Download or read book Joint Volumes of Papers Presented to the Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly written by New South Wales. Parliament and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 2132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes various departmental reports and reports of commissions. Cf. Gregory. Serial publications of foreign governments, 1815-1931.

Download or read book Performance of Anoxic Oxic Sequencing Batch Reactor for Nitrification and Aerobic Denitrification written by Noemi Zaritzky and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The biological nitrogen removal (BNR) involves two processes: nitrification and denitrification. Denitrification occurs almost exclusively under facultative anaerobic or microaerophilic conditions; however, aerobic denitrification can occur in aerated reactors. In this chapter, the feasibility of achieving nitrogen removal using a lab-scale biological sequencing batch reactor (SBR) exposed to anoxic/oxic (AN/OX) phases is described in order to attain aerobic denitrification. The SBR was fed with acetate and ammonium sulfate. Nitrite generation was controlled in order to avoid the N2O production by nitrifier denitrification. Experiments under four different operating conditions were carried out: low and high aeration, each one with low and high organic loads. For all the tested conditions, a complete COD removal was achieved. The highest inorganic N removal close to 80% was obtained at pH = 7.5, high organic load (880 mg COD/(L day)) and high aeration given by 12 h cycle, AN/OX ratio = 0.5:1.0, and dissolved oxygen concentration higher than 4.0 mg O2/L. Nitrification followed by high-rate aerobic denitrification took place during the aerobic phase. Denitrification took place mainly from the intracellular reserves of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) during the aerobic phase. The proposed AN/OX system constitutes a simple and potentially eco-friendly process for biological nitrogen removal, providing N2 as the end product and decreasing the formation of N2O, a powerful greenhouse gas.

Download or read book The Journal of the Institution of Engineers Australia written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 1418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 2520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.

Download or read book Chemeca 77 written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bioelectrochemical Systems written by Korneel Rabaey and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the context of wastewater treatment, Bioelectrochemical Systems (BESs) have gained considerable interest in the past few years, and several BES processes are on the brink of application to this area. This book, written by a large number of world experts in the different sub-topics, describes the different aspects and processes relevant to their development. Bioelectrochemical Systems (BESs) use micro-organisms to catalyze an oxidation and/or reduction reaction at an anodic and cathodic electrode respectively. Briefly, at an anode oxidation of organic and inorganic electron donors can occur. Prime examples of such electron donors are waste organics and sulfides. At the cathode, an electron acceptor such as oxygen or nitrate can be reduced. The anode and the cathode are connected through an electrical circuit. If electrical power is harvested from this circuit, the system is called a Microbial Fuel Cell; if electrical power is invested, the system is called a Microbial Electrolysis Cell. The overall framework of bio-energy and bio-fuels is discussed. A number of chapters discuss the basics – microbiology, microbial ecology, electrochemistry, technology and materials development. The book continues by highlighting the plurality of processes based on BES technology already in existence, going from wastewater based reactors to sediment based bio-batteries. The integration of BESs into existing water or process lines is discussed. Finally, an outlook is provided of how BES will fit within the emerging biorefinery area.

Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Process Design Manual for Nitrogen Control written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Technology Transfer and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The MBR Book written by Simon Judd and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-04-18 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The MBR Book

Download or read book Innovative Wastewater Treatment Resource Recovery Technologies Impacts on Energy Economy and Environment written by Juan M. Lema and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-15 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the 3R concept applied to wastewater treatment and resource recovery under a double perspective. Firstly, it deals with innovative technologies leading to: Reducing energy requirements, space and impacts; Reusing water and sludge of sufficient quality; and Recovering resources such as energy, nutrients, metals and chemicals, including biopolymers. Besides targeting effective C,N&P removal, other issues such as organic micropollutants, gases and odours emissions are considered. Most of the technologies analysed have been tested at pilot- or at full-scale. Tools and methods for their Economic, Environmental, Legal and Social impact assessment are described. The 3R concept is also applied to Innovative Processes design, considering different levels of innovation: Retrofitting, where novel units are included in more conventional processes; Re-Thinking, which implies a substantial flowsheet modification; and Re-Imagining, with completely new conceptions. Tools are presented for Modelling, Optimising and Selecting the most suitable plant layout for each particular scenario from a holistic technical, economic and environmental point of view.

Download or read book Australian National Bibliography written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 1504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Microbial Electrochemical Technologies written by Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-01-06 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book encompasses the most updated and recent account of research and implementation of Microbial Electrochemical Technologies (METs) from pioneers and experienced researchers in the field who have been working on the interface between electrochemistry and microbiology/biotechnology for many years. It provides a holistic view of the METs, detailing the functional mechanisms, operational configurations, influencing factors governing the reaction process and integration strategies. The book not only provides historical perspectives of the technology and its evolution over the years but also the most recent examples of up-scaling and near future commercialization, making it a must-read for researchers, students, industry practitioners and science enthusiasts. Key Features: Introduces novel technologies that can impact the future infrastructure at the water-energy nexus. Outlines methodologies development and application of microbial electrochemical technologies and details out the illustrations of microbial and electrochemical concepts. Reviews applications across a wide variety of scales, from power generation in the laboratory to approaches. Discusses techniques such as molecular biology and mathematical modeling; the future development of this promising technology; and the role of the system components for the implementation of bioelectrochemical technologies for practical utility. Explores key challenges for implementing these systems and compares them to similar renewable energy technologies, including their efficiency, scalability, system lifetimes, and reliability.

Download or read book Water Energy Nexus in the Ecological Transition written by Vincenzo Naddeo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-12-15 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume includes selected contributions presented during the 3rd edition of the international conference on WaterEnergyNEXUS, which was held in Tunisia in December 2020. This conference was organized by the University of Sfax (Tunisia), in cooperation with the Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED) of the University of Salerno (Italy), the Advanced Institute of Water Industry at Kyungpook National University (Korea) and The Energy and Resources Institute, TERI (India). The WaterEnergyNEXUS series of conferences are supported by the UNESCO World Water Association Programme (WWAP) and the International Water Association (IWA). It also enjoys the patronage of several international scientific societies, associations and organizations and has established a publishing partnership with Springer Nature. With the support of international experts invited as plenary and keynote speakers, the conference aimed to give a platform for Euro-Mediterranean countries to share and discuss key topics on such water-energy issues through the presentation of nature-based solutions, advanced technologies and best practices for a more sustainable environment within the framework of the ecological transition. This volume gives a general and brief overview of current research focusing on emerging Water-Energy-Nexus issues and challenges and their potential applications to various environmental problems impacting the Euro-Mediterranean zone and surrounding regions. A selection of novel and alternative solutions applied worldwide are included. The volume contains over about one hundred carefully refereed contributions from 48 Countries worldwide selected for the conference. Topics covered in the book include: Nexus framework and governance; Economic evalu ations for investment projects in the water and energy sectors; Innovation of renewable energies and challenges for the mitigation of climate change impact in the water-energy-food-nexus; Advanced technologies and nature-based solutions for the environmental sustainability of the water sector; Water and wastewater technologies for developing countries; Green technologies for sustainable water and wastewater management; Advanced technologies and nature-based solutions in water cycle; Control of hazardous substances and recovery of renewable/valuable resources; Renewable/valuable resources for recovery and utilization; Control of nutrients and hazardous compounds; Energy-saving technologies and future clean energy solutions; Future urban-energy systems with considerations of water and food security; Environmental Biotechnology and Bioenergy; Implementation and best practices. This volume is also an invaluable guide for industry professionals and policymakers working in the water and energy sectors.