Download or read book Dynamic Modelling and Control of MEA written by Thanita Nittaya and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission control has been extensively studied over the past decade. One GHG mitigation alternative is post-combustion carbon dioxide (CO2) capture using chemical absorption, which is a promising alternative due to its proven technology and the relative ease to install on existing coal-fired power plants. Nevertheless, the implementation of commercial-scale CO2 capture plants faces several challenges, such as high energy consumption, commercial availability, and geological CO2 storage. Therefore, there is a great incentive to develop studies that provide insights needed to design and dynamically operate industrial-scale CO2 capture plants for coal-fired power plants. This work presents a mechanistic dynamic model of a pilot plant of a post-combustion CO2 capture plant using the monoethanolamine (MEA) absorption processes. This model was implemented in gPROMS. The process insights gained from the sensitivity analysis, on six manipulated variables and six potential controlled variables, was used to determine promising control schemes for this pilot plant. This study then proposed three decentralized control structures. The first control scheme was designed based on the traditional-RGA (Relative Gain Array) analysis, whereas the other two control schemes were designed using heuristics. The performance evaluation of those control structures were conducted under eight scenarios, e.g. changes in flue gas composition, set point tracking, valve stiction, reboiler heat duty constraint, and flue gas flow rate. Under the condition where the reboiler temperature is to be controlled, a control scheme obtained from the heuristic showed faster response to achieve the process control objectives (90% CO2 capture rate and 95 mol% CO2 purity in the CO2 product stream) than the RGA-based control scheme. Furthermore, this study describes a step-by-step method to scale-up an MEA absorption plant for CO2 capture from a 750 MW supercritical coal-fired power plants. This industrial-scale CO2 capture plant consists of three absorbers (11.8 m diameter, 34 m bed height) and two strippers (10.4 m diameter, 16 m bed height) to achieve 87% CO2 captured rate and 95% CO2 purity in the CO2 product stream. It was calculated that the reboiler heat duty of 4.1GJ is required to remove 1 tonne of CO2 at the base case condition (20 kmol/s of flue gas flow rate with 16.3 mol% of CO2). The mechanistic model of an industrial-scale CO2 capture plant including a proposed control structure was evaluated using different scenarios. The performance evaluation result revealed that this plant can accommodate a maximum flue gas flow rate of +22% from the nominal condition due to absorbers' flooding constraints. Moreover, it is able to handle different disturbances and offers prompt responses (After a plant is disturbed by an external perturbation, control variables in that plant are able to return to their set points in timely fashion using the adjustment of manipulated variables.) without significant oscillating signal or offset. In addition, this study highlights that the poor wetting in the strippers can be avoided by the implementation of a process scheduling, which has not been presented in any publications. Based on the above, the mechanistic models of CO2 absorption plants and proposed control structures provide insights regarding dynamic behaviour and controllability of these plants. In addition, the industrial-scale CO2 capture plant model can be used for future studies, i.e. integration of power plant and CO2 capture plant, feasibility of plant operation, and controllability improvement.
Download or read book Dynamic Modelling and Control of Monoethanolamine Absorption Processes for Carbon Dioxide Capture from Power Plants written by Thanita Nittaya and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission control has been extensively studied over the past decade. One GHG mitigation alternative is post-combustion carbon dioxide (CO2) capture using chemical absorption, which is a promising alternative due to its proven technology and the relative ease to install on existing coal-fired power plants. Nevertheless, the implementation of commercial-scale CO2 capture plants faces several challenges, such as high energy consumption, commercial availability, and geological CO2 storage. Therefore, there is a great incentive to develop studies that provide insights needed to design and dynamically operate industrial-scale CO2 capture plants for coal-fired power plants. This work presents a mechanistic dynamic model of a pilot plant of a post-combustion CO2 capture plant using the monoethanolamine (MEA) absorption processes.
Download or read book Dynamic Simulation of MEA Absorption Process for CO2 Capture from Power Plants written by Noorlisa Harun and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A dynamic MEA absorption process model has been developed to study the operability of this process in a dynamic fashion and to develop a control strategy to maintain the operation of the MEA scrubbing CO2 capture process in the presence of the external perturbations that may arise from the transient operation of the power plant. The novelty in this work is that a mechanistic model based on the conservation laws of mass and energy have been developed for the complete MEA absorption process. The model developed in this work was implemented in gPROMS. The process response of the key output variables to changes in the key input process variables, i.e., the flue gas flow rate and the reboiler heat duty, are presented and discussed in this study. In order to represent the actual operation of a power plant, the dynamic response of the MEA absorption process to a sinusoidal change in the flue gas flow rate was also considered in the present analysis. The mechanistic dynamic model was applied to develop a basic feedback control strategy. The implementation of a control strategy was tested by changing the operating conditions for the flue gas flow rate. The controlled variables, i.e., the percentage of CO2 absorbed in the absorber column and the reboiler temperature, were maintained around their nominal set point values by manipulating the valve stem positions, which determine the lean solvent feed flow rate at the top of the absorber column, and the reboiler heat duty, respectively. For the sinusoidal test, the amplitude of the oscillations observed for the controlled variables was smaller than those observed for the open-loop tests. This is because the variability of the controlled variables was transferred to the manipulated variable in the closed loop. The mechanistic dynamic model developed in this process can be potentially used as a practical tool that can provide insight regarding the dynamic operation of MEA absorption process. The model developed in this work can also be used as a basis to develop other studies related to the operability, controllability and dynamic flexibility of this process.
Download or read book Dynamic Modeling and Control of Engineering Systems written by Bohdan T. Kulakowski and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-07-02 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook is ideal for a course in engineering systems dynamics and controls. The work is a comprehensive treatment of the analysis of lumped parameter physical systems. Starting with a discussion of mathematical models in general, and ordinary differential equations, the book covers input/output and state space models, computer simulation and modeling methods and techniques in mechanical, electrical, thermal and fluid domains. Frequency domain methods, transfer functions and frequency response are covered in detail. The book concludes with a treatment of stability, feedback control (PID, lead-lag, root locus) and an introduction to discrete time systems. This new edition features many new and expanded sections on such topics as: solving stiff systems, operational amplifiers, electrohydraulic servovalves, using Matlab with transfer functions, using Matlab with frequency response, Matlab tutorial and an expanded Simulink tutorial. The work has 40% more end-of-chapter exercises and 30% more examples.
Download or read book Carbon Capture and Storage written by Mai Bui and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2019-11-29 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will provide the latest global perspective on the role and value of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in delivering temperature targets and reducing the impact of global warming. As well as providing a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the major sources of carbon dioxide emission and negative emissions technologies, the book also discusses technical, economic and political issues associated with CCS along with strategies to enable commercialisation.
Download or read book Dynamic Modeling Optimization and Control of Monoethanolamine Scrubbing for CO2 Capture written by Sepideh Ziaii Fashami and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work seeks to develop optimal dynamic and control strategies to operate post combustion CO2 capture in response to various dynamic operational scenarios. For this purpose, a rigorous dynamic model of absorption/stripping process using monothanolamine was created and then combined with a simplified steady state model of power cycle steam turbines and a multi-stage variable speed compressor in Aspen Custom Modeler. The dynamic characteristics and interactions were investigated for the plant using 30% wt monoethanolamine (MEA) to remove 90% of CO2 in the flue gas coming from a 100 MW coal-fired power plant. Two load reduction scenarios were simulated: power plant load reduction and reboiler load reduction. An ACM® optimization tool was implemented to minimize total lost work at the final steady state condition by adjusting compressor speed and solvent circulation rate. Stripper pressure was allowed to vary. Compressor surge limit, run off condition in rich and lean pumps, and maximum allowable compressor speed were found as constraints influencing the operation at reduced loads. A variable speed compressor is advantageous during partial load operations because of its flexibility for handling compressor surge and allowing the stripper and reboiler to run at optimal conditions. Optimization at low load levels demonstrated that the most energy efficient strategy to control compressor surge is gas recycling which is commonly applied by an anti-surge control system installed on compressors. Trade offs were found between initial capital cost and optimal operation with minimal energy use for large load reduction. The examples are, designing the stripper in a way that can tolerate the pressure two times larger than normal operating pressure, over sizing the pumps and over designing the compressor speed. A plant-wide control procedure was used to design an effective multi-loop control system. Five control configurations were simulated and compared in response to large load variations and foaming in the stripper and the absorber. The most successful control structure was controlling solvent rate, reboiler temperature, and stripper pressure by liquid valve, steam valve, and compressor speed respectively. With the investigated disturbances and employing this control scheme, development of an advanced multivariable control system is not required. This scheme is able to bring the plant to the targeted set points in about 6 minutes for such a system designed initially with 11 min total liquid holdup time. Frequency analysis used for evaluation of lean and rich tanks on the dynamic performances has shown that increasing the holdup time is not always helpful to damp the oscillations and rejecting the disturbances. It means there exists an optimum initial residence time in the tanks. Based on the results, a 5-minute holdup can be a reasonable number to fulfill the targets.
Download or read book Dynamic Scheduling and Control of MEA Absorption Processes for CO2 Capture Using GProms written by Farhan Ahmad and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are three general approaches for the mitigation of carbon emissions from fossil fuel fired power plants; pre-combustion, oxyfuel and post-combustion carbon capture. The post-combustion absorption process using MEA (methyl-ethanol-amine) is selected for this work due to its maturity in research and capability of it being retrofitted on existing power plants. Previous research included work on solvent development selections, model development, steady state simulation, dynamic simulation and control and optimization. A rigorous dynamic model used in this work is based on the model developed by (Nittaya, 2014) and (Harun, 2012) and includes six PI controllers implemented in gProms v5.1. 80% of the energy cost requirements by post combustion carbon capture system (PCCCS) are for the solvent regeneration. Due to the fluctuation in the electricity demand, appropriate scheduling of the PCCCS can reduce operating costs associated with carbon capture as demonstrated by (Alie, 2013). Controller performance analysis usually involves either disturbance rejection or servo-control tests but not a combination of both scenarios. Since the %CC schedule was developed to compliment a power generation schedule that generates flue-gas accordingly, this work evaluates the controller in the presence of both flue gas disturbances and %CC set-point changes simultaneously. It was found that the flue gas disturbances worked in favour of achieving the desired set-points and the controller performed better (~53%) than when evaluated without the influence of the disturbance. This work showed that tuning the controller for the intended schedule improved the response of the controller by about ~58% over the IMC tuned controller (that was estimated around similar operating conditions). It was determined that following the proposed schedule resulted in a decrease of 7% in energy consumption in comparison with capturing at a fixed capture rate. Fluctuations in the day-to-day electricity demand can be modelled using a correlation between the proposed schedule and the power generated. This work proposed a linear correlation between the two that resulted in a similar set-point schedule being generated. In conclusion, a series of PI controllers may be used to control the highly non-linear MEA based post-combustion carbon capture process provided the controllers are tuned in accordance to the set-point schedule.
Download or read book Journal of Dynamic Systems Measurement and Control written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publishes theoretical and applied original papers in dynamic systems. Theoretical papers present new theoretical developments and knowledge for controls of dynamical systems together with clear engineering motivation for the new theory. Applied papers include modeling, simulation, and corroboration of theory with emphasis on demonstrated practicality.
Download or read book Introduction to Modeling and Control of Internal Combustion Engine Systems written by Lino Guzzella and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internal combustion engines still have a potential for substantial improvements, particularly with regard to fuel efficiency and environmental compatibility. These goals can be achieved with help of control systems. Modeling and Control of Internal Combustion Engines (ICE) addresses these issues by offering an introduction to cost-effective model-based control system design for ICE. The primary emphasis is put on the ICE and its auxiliary devices. Mathematical models for these processes are developed in the text and selected feedforward and feedback control problems are discussed. The appendix contains a summary of the most important controller analysis and design methods, and a case study that analyzes a simplified idle-speed control problem. The book is written for students interested in the design of classical and novel ICE control systems.
Download or read book Feedback Systems written by Karl Johan Åström and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-02 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential introduction to the principles and applications of feedback systems—now fully revised and expanded This textbook covers the mathematics needed to model, analyze, and design feedback systems. Now more user-friendly than ever, this revised and expanded edition of Feedback Systems is a one-volume resource for students and researchers in mathematics and engineering. It has applications across a range of disciplines that utilize feedback in physical, biological, information, and economic systems. Karl Åström and Richard Murray use techniques from physics, computer science, and operations research to introduce control-oriented modeling. They begin with state space tools for analysis and design, including stability of solutions, Lyapunov functions, reachability, state feedback observability, and estimators. The matrix exponential plays a central role in the analysis of linear control systems, allowing a concise development of many of the key concepts for this class of models. Åström and Murray then develop and explain tools in the frequency domain, including transfer functions, Nyquist analysis, PID control, frequency domain design, and robustness. Features a new chapter on design principles and tools, illustrating the types of problems that can be solved using feedback Includes a new chapter on fundamental limits and new material on the Routh-Hurwitz criterion and root locus plots Provides exercises at the end of every chapter Comes with an electronic solutions manual An ideal textbook for undergraduate and graduate students Indispensable for researchers seeking a self-contained resource on control theory
Download or read book Process Intensification written by David Reay and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-06-05 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Process Intensification: Engineering for Efficiency, Sustainability and Flexibility is the first book to provide a practical working guide to understanding process intensification (PI) and developing successful PI solutions and applications in chemical process, civil, environmental, energy, pharmaceutical, biological, and biochemical systems. Process intensification is a chemical and process design approach that leads to substantially smaller, cleaner, safer, and more energy efficient process technology. It improves process flexibility, product quality, speed to market and inherent safety, with a reduced environmental footprint. This book represents a valuable resource for engineers working with leading-edge process technologies, and those involved research and development of chemical, process, environmental, pharmaceutical, and bioscience systems. - No other reference covers both the technology and application of PI, addressing fundamentals, industry applications, and including a development and implementation guide - Covers hot and high growth topics, including emission prevention, sustainable design, and pinch analysis - World-class authors: Colin Ramshaw pioneered PI at ICI and is widely credited as the father of the technology
Download or read book Process Dynamics and Control written by Dale E. Seborg and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-04-12 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third edition provides chemical engineers with process control techniques that are used in practice while offering detailed mathematical analysis. Numerous examples and simulations are used to illustrate key theoretical concepts. New exercises are integrated throughout several chapters to reinforce concepts. Up-to-date information is also included on real-time optimization and model predictive control to highlight the significant impact these techniques have on industrial practice. And chemical engineers will find two new chapters on biosystems control to gain the latest perspective in the field.
Download or read book Methods of Model Based Process Control written by R. Berber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Model based control has emerged as an important way to improve plant efficiency in the process industries, while meeting processing and operating policy constraints. The reader of Methods of Model Based Process Control will find state of the art reports on model based control technology presented by the world's leading scientists and experts from industry. All the important issues that a model based control system has to address are covered in depth, ranging from dynamic simulation and control-relevant identification to information integration. Specific emerging topics are also covered, such as robust control and nonlinear model predictive control. In addition to critical reviews of recent advances, the reader will find new ideas, industrial applications and views of future needs and challenges. Audience: A reference for graduate-level courses and a comprehensive guide for researchers and industrial control engineers in their exploration of the latest trends in the area.
Download or read book Dynamic Process Modeling written by and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-10-02 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inspired by the leading authority in the field, the Centre for Process Systems Engineering at Imperial College London, this book includes theoretical developments, algorithms, methodologies and tools in process systems engineering and applications from the chemical, energy, molecular, biomedical and other areas. It spans a whole range of length scales seen in manufacturing industries, from molecular and nanoscale phenomena to enterprise-wide optimization and control. As such, this will appeal to a broad readership, since the topic applies not only to all technical processes but also due to the interdisciplinary expertise required to solve the challenge. The ultimate reference work for years to come.
Download or read book Robot Dynamics And Control written by Mark W Spong and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-08-04 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This self-contained introduction to practical robot kinematics and dynamics includes a comprehensive treatment of robot control. It provides background material on terminology and linear transformations, followed by coverage of kinematics and inverse kinematics, dynamics, manipulator control, robust control, force control, use of feedback in nonlinear systems, and adaptive control. Each topic is supported by examples of specific applications. Derivations and proofs are included in many cases. The book includes many worked examples, examples illustrating all aspects of the theory, and problems.
Download or read book Control and Safety Analysis of Intensified Chemical Processes written by Dipesh Shikchand Patle and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-03-20 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Control and Safety Analysis of Intensified Chemical Processes Resource on the control and safety analysis of intensified chemical processes, ranging from general methods to specific applications Control and Safety Analysis of Intensified Chemical Processes covers the basic principles of and recent developments in control and safety analysis of intensified chemical processes, ranging from dynamic simulations and safety analysis to the design and control of important processes. The text discusses general methods and tools such as dynamic simulation, control and safety analysis as well as design aspects and analysis of important applications in order to provide scientists and engineers with an understanding of the design, control and safety considerations involved in intensified chemical processes. Sample topics covered in Control and Safety Analysis of Intensified Chemical Processes include: Simulation and optimization methods, common programs and simulators for simulation and optimization, and interfacing of simulators and optimizers Programs/simulators for dynamic simulation and control, tuning of controllers, and popular criteria for control assessment Control of a hybrid reactive-extractive distillation systems for ternary azeotropic mixtures, reactive distillation in recycle systems, and middle vessel batch distillation with vapor recompression Safety analysis of intensified processes (e.g. extractive distillation, dividing wall column, dividing wall column with mechanical vapor recompression, and algal biodiesel process) A comprehensive resource on the subject, Control and Safety Analysis of Intensified Chemical Processes is a highly valuable reference for researchers, students and practitioners interested in process intensification and their applications. The text can be adopted by instructors for use in advanced courses on process control and safety.
Download or read book Dynamical Modelling Estimation in Wastewater Treatment Processes written by D. Dochain and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2001-12-01 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental quality is becoming an increasing concern in our society. In that context, waste and wastewater treatment, and more specifically biological wastewater treatment processes play an important role. In this book, we concentrate on the mathematical modelling of these processes. The main purpose is to provide the increasing number of professionals who are using models to design, optimise and control wastewater treatment processes with the necessary background for their activities of model building, selection and calibration. The book deals specifically with dynamic models because they allow us to describe the behaviour of treatment plants under the highly dynamic conditions that we want them to operate (e.g. Sequencing Batch Reactors) or we have to operate them (e.g. storm conditions, spills). Further extension is provided to new reactor systems for which partial differential equation descriptions are necessary to account for their distributed parameter nature (e.g. settlers, fixed bed reactors). The model building exercise is introduced as a step-wise activity that, in this book, starts from mass balancing principles. In many cases, different hypotheses and their corresponding models can be proposed for a particular process. It is therefore essential to be able to select from these candidate models in an objective manner. To this end, structure characterisation methods are introduced. Important sections of the book deal with the collection of high quality data using optimal experimental design, parameter estimation techniques for calibration and the on-line use of models in state and parameter estimators. Contents Dynamical Modelling Dynamical Mass Balance Model Building and Analysis Structure Characterisation (SC) Structural Identifiability Practical Identifiability and Optimal Experiment Design for Parameter Estimation (OED/PE) Estimation of Model Parameters Recursive State and Parameter Estimation Glossary Nomenclature
