Download or read book Dynamic Brain Imaging written by Hyder Fahmeed and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2014-11-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If a picture is worth a thousand words, then dynamic images of brain activity certainly warrant many, many more. This book will help users learn to decipher the dynamic imaging data that will be critical to our future understanding of complex brain functions. In recent years, there have been unprecedented methodological advancements in the imaging of brain activity. These techniques allow the measurement of everything from neural activity (e.g., membrane potential, ion ?ux, neurotransmitter ?ux) to energy metabolism (e.g., glucose consumption, oxygen consumption, creatine kinase ?ux) and functional hyperemia (e.g., blood ?ow, volume, oxygenation). This book deals with a variety of magnetic resonance, electrophysiology, and optical methods that are often used to measure some of these dynamic processes. All chapters were written by leading experts, spanning three continents, specializing in state-of-the-art methods. Brie?y, the book has ?ve sections. In the introductory section, there are two chapters; the ?rst one contains a brief pre- ble to dynamic brain imaging and the other presents a novel, analytical approach to processing of dynamically acquired data. The second section has four chapters and delves into a wide range of optical imaging methods. I am privileged to include a chapter from Lawrence B. Cohen, considered by many to be the authority on optical imaging and spectroscopy, both in vitro and in vivo [Cohen LB (1973) Physiol Rev.
Download or read book Magnetoencephalography written by Selma Supek and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-07 with total page 999 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is an invaluable functional brain imaging technique that provides direct, real-time monitoring of neuronal activity necessary for gaining insight into dynamic cortical networks. Our intentions with this book are to cover the richness and transdisciplinary nature of the MEG field, make it more accessible to newcomers and experienced researchers and to stimulate growth in the MEG area. The book presents a comprehensive overview of MEG basics and the latest developments in methodological, empirical and clinical research, directed toward master and doctoral students, as well as researchers. There are three levels of contributions: 1) tutorials on instrumentation, measurements, modeling, and experimental design; 2) topical reviews providing extensive coverage of relevant research topics; and 3) short contributions on open, challenging issues, future developments and novel applications. The topics range from neuromagnetic measurements, signal processing and source localization techniques to dynamic functional networks underlying perception and cognition in both health and disease. Topical reviews cover, among others: development on SQUID-based and novel sensors, multi-modal integration (low field MRI and MEG; EEG and fMRI), Bayesian approaches to multi-modal integration, direct neuronal imaging, novel noise reduction methods, source-space functional analysis, decoding of brain states, dynamic brain connectivity, sensory-motor integration, MEG studies on perception and cognition, thalamocortical oscillations, fetal and neonatal MEG, pediatric MEG studies, cognitive development, clinical applications of MEG in epilepsy, pre-surgical mapping, stroke, schizophrenia, stuttering, traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, autism, aging and neurodegeneration, MEG applications in cognitive neuropharmacology and an overview of the major open-source analysis tools.
Download or read book Observed Brain Dynamics written by Partha Mitra and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-12-07 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The biomedical sciences have recently undergone revolutionary change, due to the ability to digitize and store large data sets. In neuroscience, the data sources include measurements of neural activity measured using electrode arrays, EEG and MEG, brain imaging data from PET, fMRI, and optical imaging methods. Analysis, visualization, and management of these time series data sets is a growing field of research that has become increasingly important both for experimentalists and theorists interested in brain function. Written by investigators who have played an important role in developing the subject and in its pedagogical exposition, the current volume addresses the need for a textbook in this interdisciplinary area. The book is written for a broad spectrum of readers ranging from physical scientists, mathematicians, and statisticians wishing to educate themselves about neuroscience, to biologists who would like to learn time series analysis methods in particular and refresh their mathematical and statistical knowledge in general, through self-pedagogy. It may also be used as a supplement for a quantitative course in neurobiology or as a textbook for instruction on neural signal processing. The first part of the book contains a set of essays meant to provide conceptual background which are not technical and shall be generally accessible. Salient features include the adoption of an active perspective of the nervous system, an emphasis on function, and a brief survey of different theoretical accounts in neuroscience. The second part is the longest in the book, and contains a refresher course in mathematics and statistics leading up to time series analysis techniques. The third part contains applications of data analysis techniques to the range of data sources indicated above (also available as part of the Chronux data analysis platform from http://chronux.org), and the fourth part contains special topics.
Download or read book Neuroimaging Part A written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-11-11 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consisting of two separate volumes, Neuroimaging provides a state-of-the-art review of a broad range of neuroimaging techniques applied to both clinical and research settings. The breadth of the methods covered is matched by the depth of description of the theoretical background. Part A focuses on the cutting edge of research methodologies, providing a foundation for both established and evolving techniques. These include voxel-based morphometry using structural MRI, functional MRI, perfusion MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, near-infrared spectroscopy and the technique of combining EEG and fMRI studies. Two chapters are devoted to describing methods for studying brain responses and neural models, focusing on functional connectivity, effective connectivity, dynamic causal modeling, and large-scale neural models. The important role played by brain atlases in facilitating the study of normal and diseased brain populations is described in one chapter, and the concept of neuroimaging data bases as a future resource for scientific discovery is elucidated in another. The two parts of Neuroimaging complement each other providing in-depth information on a broad range of routine and cutting edge techniques that is not available in any other text. This book is superbly written and beautifully illustrated by contributors working at the top of their chosen specialty.* Serves as an up-to-date review of cutting-edge neuroimaging techniques * Exquisitely illustrated * Authoritatively written by leading researchers
Download or read book The Dynamic Brain written by Timothy Roger Mullen and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The mind is the music that neural networks play." This quote from computational neurobiologist T.J. Sejnowski underscores a growing scientific consensus that studying the structure and function of vast networks of connections between brain regions is essential to understanding cognitive and affective state maintenance, sensorimotor information processing and control, etiologies and remedies for numerous neuropathologies, as well as a host of other facets of our conscious (and non-conscious) experience. Towards this goal, an ongoing challenge lies in identifying - in vivo in humans - spatiotemporal cortical network dynamics, at the level of individuals and groups, across experimental task conditions, and at the level of single trials. In the opening chapter of this dissertation, I introduce the Source Information Flow Toolbox (SIFT), a novel open-source software package for identification of neuronal dynamics and causal interactions in electrophysiological source and sensor data. The software integrates with the widely used EEGLAB analysis suite, addressing a need for robust tools for identifying single- and multi-trial multivariate brain network dynamics across time, frequency, anatomical source location, and subjects. I then introduce and assess two new methods (Measure Projection Analysis and Multi-view Hierarchical Bayesian Learning) for statistical analysis of source-level dynamics (including connectivity) across groups of subjects in the presence of missing data. The remaining chapters focus on applications of dynamical modeling approaches in SIFT to open problems within the fields of cognitive neuroscience, clinical neuroscience and neuroengineering. I first present three studies examining single-trial time-varying spatiotemporal network dynamics underlying generation and maintenance of epileptic seizures. Next I present a case study examining the effect of visual feedback on an occipito-parietal-motor network in freezing-of-gait in patients with Parkinson's disease. The final chapters focus on new directions in neuroengineering and brain-computer interfaces (BCI) leveraging neural dynamical system identification. We first review the history and state of the BCI field and summarize important new directions in BCI design. I then present a novel system for real-time mobile brain imaging, artifact rejection, neuronal system identification, and cognitive state prediction, and demonstrate its application in predicting response error commission from cortical network dynamics using a new high-density mobile dry EEG system.
Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging written by Jörg Polzehl and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-25 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the modeling and analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data acquired from the human brain. The data processing pipelines described rely on R. The book is intended for readers from two communities: Statisticians who are interested in neuroimaging and looking for an introduction to the acquired data and typical scientific problems in the field; and neuroimaging students wanting to learn about the statistical modeling and analysis of MRI data. Offering a practical introduction to the field, the book focuses on those problems in data analysis for which implementations within R are available. It also includes fully worked examples and as such serves as a tutorial on MRI analysis with R, from which the readers can derive their own data processing scripts. The book starts with a short introduction to MRI and then examines the process of reading and writing common neuroimaging data formats to and from the R session. The main chapters cover three common MR imaging modalities and their data modeling and analysis problems: functional MRI, diffusion MRI, and Multi-Parameter Mapping. The book concludes with extended appendices providing details of the non-parametric statistics used and the resources for R and MRI data.The book also addresses the issues of reproducibility and topics like data organization and description, as well as open data and open science. It relies solely on a dynamic report generation with knitr and uses neuroimaging data publicly available in data repositories. The PDF was created executing the R code in the chunks and then running LaTeX, which means that almost all figures, numbers, and results were generated while producing the PDF from the sources.
Download or read book Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury written by Daniel Laskowitz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-21 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the developme
Download or read book STUDY OF DYNAMIC FUNCTIONAL BR written by Zening Fu and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "A Study of Dynamic Functional Brain Connectivity Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI): Method and Applications" by Zening, Fu, 傅泽宁, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Identifying the statistical interdependence (functional connectivity, FC) between brain regions using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)is an important approach towards understanding how brain system is organized. Most fMRI studies assumed temporal stationarity of FC, so that the dynamic fluctuations of FC were overlooked. Emerging evidence has shown that FC fluctuates significantly across time and such fluctuations are physiologically relevant. The objectives of this work were (1) to develop novel methods for estimating dynamic FC from non-stationary fMRI signals, and (2) to apply new methods on real-life fMRI datasets for exploring dynamic patterns of FC in tasks and at rest. In particular, new methods were introduced to tackle two key issues in dynamic FC estimation: how to adaptively select window size to estimate dynamic FC and how to estimate dynamic FC networks with sparse architecture and sparse evolution. Firstly, a local polynomial regression (LPR) method was introduced to estimate time-varying covariance (TVCOV) for the inference of dynamic FC. The asymptotic analysis of this covariance estimator was performed and then a data-driven method, intersection of confidence intervals (ICI), was adopted to adaptively determine the window size. Simulation results showed that the LPR-ICI method could achieve robust and reliable performance in estimating TVCOV, making it a powerful tool for studying the dynamic FC from fMRI signals. Secondly, the LPR-ICI method was applied to a visual task fMRI dataset for studying the changes of FC in a block-designed visual checkerboard experiment. Reliable task-related FC changes were identified among activated visual regions during the task block. The results suggested that characterizing the task-related FC dynamics might provide greater insight into condition shifts and coordination between brain regions. Thirdly, the LPR-ICI method was applied to a resting-state fMRI dataset for exploring FC dynamics across the whole brain and investigating their relationships with dynamics of local brain activities. Converging results demonstrated that resting-state FC exhibited remarkable different dynamic patterns across the brain and these dynamic patterns were significantly correlated with the dynamic patterns of brain activities. These findings suggested that the brain might bean adaptive network, in which brain activities and their FC coevolve across time. Lastly, a novel dual l0-penalized (DLP) time-varying in verse covariance estimation method was introduced for estimating sparse dynamic FC networks. This DLP method was able to estimate dynamic networks with sparse architecture and sparse evolution by minimizing a log-likelihood function regularized by two l0-penalties (to enforce sparse architecture and sparse evolution, respectively).A coordinate descent algorithm was developed for searching the local minimizers of the objective function. Extensive simulation results showed that the DLP method could achieve better performance than conventionall1-penalized methods. In summary, two newly-developed methods (LPR-ICI and DLP) could be effective tools for studying dynamic brain FC and our results have advanced the knowledge of how brain regions dynamically coordinate. This study was also clinically relevant, as the quantification of altered FC dynamics in clinical populations of neuropsyc
Download or read book Quantitative MRI of the Brain written by Paul Tofts and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-08-19 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2004 BMA Medical Book Competition Winner (Radiology category) “This is an exciting book, with a new approach to use of the MRI scanner. It bridges the gap between clinical research and general neuro-radiological practice. It is accessible to the clinical radiologist, and yet thorough in its treatment of the underlying physics and of the science of measurement. It is likely to become a classic.” British Medical Association This indispensable 'how to' manual of quantitative MR is essential for anyone who wants to use the gamut of modern quantitative methods to measure the effects of neurological disease, its progression, and its response to treatment. It contains both the methodology and clinical applications, reflecting the increasing interest in quantitative MR in studying disease and its progression. The editor is an MR scientist with an international reputation for high quality research The contributions are written jointly by MR physicists and MR clinicians, producing a practical book for both the research and medical communities A practical book for both the research and medical communities “Paul Tofts has succeeded brilliantly in capturing the essence of what needs to become the future of radiology in particular, and medicine in general – quantitative measurements of disease.” Robert I. Grossman, M.D. New York, University School of Medicine (from the Foreword)
Download or read book Electromagnetic Imaging of Dynamic Brain Activity written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural activity in the brain produces weak dynamic electromagnetic fields that can be measured by an array of sensors. Using a spatio-temporal modeling framework, we have developed a new approach to localization of multiple neural sources. This approach is based on the MUSIC algorithm originally developed for estimating the direction of arrival of signals impinging on a sensor array. We present applications of this technique to magnetic field measurements of a phantom and of a human evoked somatosensory response. The results of the somatosensory localization are mapped onto the brain anatomy obtained from magnetic resonance images.
Download or read book Inter and Intra subject Variability in Brain Imaging and Decoding written by Tzyy-Ping Jung and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-19 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Processing written by Xingfeng Li and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-14 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With strong numerical and computational focus, this book serves as an essential resource on the methods for functional neuroimaging analysis, diffusion weighted image analysis, and longitudinal VBM analysis. It includes four MRI image modalities analysis methods. The first covers the PWI methods, which is the basis for understanding cerebral flow in human brain. The second part, the book’s core, covers fMRI methods in three specific domains: first level analysis, second level analysis, and effective connectivity study. The third part covers the analysis of Diffusion weighted image, i.e. DTI, QBI and DSI image analysis. Finally, the book covers (longitudinal) VBM methods and its application to Alzheimer’s disease study.
Download or read book Handbook of Pediatric Brain Imaging written by Hao Huang and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-10-27 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Pediatric Brain Imaging: Methods and Applications presents state-of-the-art research on pediatric brain image acquisition and analysis from a broad range of imaging modalities, including MRI, EEG and MEG. With rapidly developing methods and applications of MRI, this book strongly emphasizes pediatric brain MRI, elaborating on the sub-categories of structure MRI, diffusion MRI, functional MRI, perfusion MRI and other MRI methods. It integrates a pediatric brain imaging perspective into imaging acquisition and analysis methods, covering head motion, small brain sizes, small cerebral blood flow of neonates, dynamic cortical gyrification, white matter tract growth, and much more. Presents state-of-the-art pediatric brain imaging methods and applications Shows how to optimize the pediatric neuroimaging acquisition and analysis protocols Illustrates how to obtain quantitative structural, functional and physiological measurements
Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging written by Jörg Polzehl and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-12 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses modelling and analysis of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data of the human brain. For the data processing pipelines we rely on R, the software environment for statistical computing and graphics. The book is intended for readers from two communities: Statisticians, who are interested in neuroimaging and look for an introduction to the acquired data and typical scientific problems in the field and neuroimaging students, who want to learn about the statistical modeling and analysis of MRI data. Being a practical introduction, the book focuses on those problems in data analysis for which implementations within R are available. By providing full worked-out examples the book thus serves as a tutorial for MRI analysis with R, from which the reader can derive its own data processing scripts. The book starts with a short introduction into MRI. The next chapter considers the process of reading and writing common neuroimaging data formats to and from the R session. The main chapters then cover four common MR imaging modalities and their data modeling and analysis problems: functional MRI, diffusion MRI, Multi-Parameter Mapping and Inversion Recovery MRI. The book concludes with extended Appendices on details of the utilize non-parametric statistics and on resources for R and MRI data. The book also addresses the issues of reproducibility and topics like data organization and description, open data and open science. It completely relies on a dynamic report generation with knitr: The books R-code and intermediate results are available for reproducibility of the examples.
Download or read book When I m 64 written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-02-13 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By 2030 there will be about 70 million people in the United States who are older than 64. Approximately 26 percent of these will be racial and ethnic minorities. Overall, the older population will be more diverse and better educated than their earlier cohorts. The range of late-life outcomes is very dramatic with old age being a significantly different experience for financially secure and well-educated people than for poor and uneducated people. The early mission of behavioral science research focused on identifying problems of older adults, such as isolation, caregiving, and dementia. Today, the field of gerontology is more interdisciplinary. When I'm 64 examines how individual and social behavior play a role in understanding diverse outcomes in old age. It also explores the implications of an aging workforce on the economy. The book recommends that the National Institute on Aging focus its research support in social, personality, and life-span psychology in four areas: motivation and behavioral change; socioemotional influences on decision-making; the influence of social engagement on cognition; and the effects of stereotypes on self and others. When I'm 64 is a useful resource for policymakers, researchers and medical professionals.
Download or read book Brain Imaging Using PET written by Michio Senda and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses PET technique and instrumentation, as well as developments in a range of fields such as kinetics, enzyme/neurotransmitter transport, language acquisition, and neuropathology. This title offers an analysis of brain imaging and techniques, from the foundations to the practical applications of the modern techniques used in PET.
Download or read book Towards a New Cognitive Neuroscience written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
