Download or read book Dynamic and Stimuli Responsive Multi Phase Emulsion Droplets for Optical Components written by Sara Nagelberg and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-19 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis builds on recent innovations in multi-phase emulsion droplet design to demonstrate that emulsion morphologies enable a useful variety of dynamic optical phenomena. Despite the highly dynamic nature of fluid morphologies and their utility for stimuli-responsive, dynamic optical materials and devices, fluid matter is underrepresented in optical technology. Using bi-phase emulsion droplets as refractive micro-optical components, this thesis realizes micro-scale fluid compound lenses with optical properties that vary in response to changes in chemical concentrations, structured illumination, and thermal gradients. Theoretical considerations of emulsions as optical components are used to explain a previously unrecognized total internal reflection-enabled light interference phenomenon in emulsion droplets that results in rich structural coloration. While this work is focused on the fundamental optics of emulsion droplets, it also facilitates the use of light-emitting emulsion morphologies as chemo-optical transducers for early-stage food-borne pathogen detection. This thesis beautifully demonstrates the virtue of fundamental interdisciplinary exploration of unconventional material systems at the interface of optics, chemistry, and materials science, and the benefits arising from translation of the acquired knowledge into specific application scenarios.
Download or read book Stimuli responsive Drug Delivery Systems written by Amit Singh and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2018-07-10 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive account on the design, materials chemistry, and application aspects behind these novel stimuli-responsive materials.
Download or read book Understanding Interfacial Transport Reactions and Phase Behavior in Emulsion Systems written by Rebecca Balaj and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complex fluids are of increasing interest because of their ability to provide a unique environment for the exploration of interfacial phenomena. Emulsions, which are mixtures of immiscible liquids, allow for separation of reagents whilst simultaneously providing a liquid-liquid interface wherein reactants can be easily transported, and reactions are able to readily occur. Thus, utilizing complex emulsions as dynamic materials is potentially important to understand localized reaction pathways and kinetics in a controllable and predictable manner. However, a significant limitation of fluid droplets for long-term applications is their eventual breakdown over time. Elucidating approaches by which to enhance droplet stability while simultaneously maintaining their reconfigurability and responsive character is therefore essential. This dissertation, thus, exists in three main sections: first, it aims to investigate a surfactant-free gelation pathway to form oil-core hydrogel capsules to stabilize complex droplets; secondly, it examines the non-equilibrium partitioning of amphiphilic surfactants into biphasic emulsions of miscible oils to dynamically and controllably induce phase separation; and, finally, it attempts to explore the reconfigurable complex droplet as a responsive soft material which can be used to easily manipulate chemical reactions at the oil-water interface. One approach to enhanced stabilization of droplets is by encapsulation, where a shell, often a polymer, encases the liquid droplet to prevent coalescence and limit exchange of droplet contents with the continuous phase. A common approach to droplet encapsulation is interfacial polymerization, where monomers dissolved in immiscible phases react to form capsules localized at the interface. Hydrogels, which are composed of crosslinked, charged polymers swollen in water, are highly permeable to molecules in the aqueous phase and would permit the diffusion of surfactants or other analytes to the droplet surface to trigger a response in droplet configuration. In the first major project of this work, we utilized a Pickering complex droplet intermediate to localize hydrogel formation at the droplet-continuous phase interface. Enhanced stability of droplets with both ionically and covalently crosslinked capsules was observed, with a complete spectrum of reconfigurability possible upon addition of droplet-internal fluorosurfactant, Capstone FS-30. The next major work examines the partitioning of surfactant molecules across the droplet oil-water interface. In general, the partitioning of chemicals across interfaces and their subsequent concentration into droplets and coacervates is important in many fields of study, including organic reaction chemistry and in mimicking individual properties of natural systems, such as living cells. When considering partitioning occurring within emulsions, the dynamics and relative concentration of all components--oil, water, and surfactant--are critical to understanding the behavior of non-equilibrium systems. We became interested in the dynamics and degree of surfactant partitioning while examining the behavior of two-component oil droplets in aqueous surfactant. We produced microscale droplets containing two oils, which in bulk at room temperature are miscible in all proportions. Upon preparing this emulsion, we expected that the droplets would remain in a single phase during their lifetime when undergoing micellar solubilization; however, we noticed phase separation occurring within the droplets. To confirm the partitioning of surfactant into these droplets, we developed a protocol for the LCMS analysis of single microscale droplets. Furthermore, we have shown that, upon addition of ionic surfactant, we can controllably and dynamically induce phase separation through various stimuli. In the last major project of this work, we examine reaction rates at oil-water interfaces and within surfactant micelles. Reactions occurring at the interface of immiscible fluids are important for a variety of different fields, largely due to the separation of reagents into distinct phases only to be reacted specifically and controllably at the interface. This allows unique opportunity to tune reaction kinetics, location, and pathways. Studies have previously been conducted observing reaction kinetics at the oil-water interfaces of emulsions, therefore exploring reactions at interfaces in complex droplets should then allow for an even more specific morphology-dependent, tunable reaction environment.
Download or read book Multiresponsive Complex Emulsions written by Saveh Arman Djalali and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complex emulsions are dispersions of kinetically stabilized multiphasic emulsion droplets comprised of two or more immiscible liquids that provide a novel material platform for the generation of active and dynamic soft materials. In recent years, the intrinsic reconfigurable morphological behavior of complex emulsions, which can be attributed to the unique force equilibrium between the interfacial tensions acting at the various interfaces, has become of fundamental and applied interest. As such, particularly biphasic Janus droplets have been investigated as structural templates for the generation of anisotropic precision objects, dynamic optical elements or as transducers and signal amplifiers in chemo- and bio-sensing applications. In the present thesis, switchable internal morphological responses of complex droplets triggered by stimuli-induced alterations of the balance of interfacial tensions have been explored as a universal building block for the design of multiresponsive, active, and adaptive liquid colloidal systems. [...].
Download or read book The Control of Complex Double Emulsions Through Reactive Interfaces written by Cassandra Aileen Zentner and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis summarizes the use of interfacial reactions, responsive surfactants, and specific tuning of interfacial tensions to discover novel ways to manufacture and manipulate dynamic double emulsion systems. In Chapter 1, we introduce emulsions and surfactants. We describe the fabrication of emulsions and creating stimuli responsive systems. Finally, we explore the relatively recent research into dynamic double emulsions, which is explored further in this thesis. In Chapter 2, we demonstrate the use of selective, interfacial imine formation at emulsion interfaces for the in situ formation of surfactants for novel manufacturing of emulsions and biosensors, dynamic morphology changes through perturbing imine equilibria, and the destruction of emulsions with imine formation at the emulsion-solid interface. In Chapter 3, we introduce surfactants that localize at the internal interface of double emulsions, which enables the incorporation of liquid crystals into dynamically reconfigurable complex emulsions. Further, we demonstrate that isomerization of a photo-responsive azobenzene surfactant at the internal interface of liquid crystal double emulsions results in reversible morphology change. In addition, isomerization of the azobenzene internal surfactant results in overall droplet movement, both orientational and translational. In Chapter 4, we describe that interfacial confinement of magnetic nanoparticles to emulsions interfaces, accomplished through interfacial imine formation, imparts ferromagnetic behavior to dynamic double emulsion comprising isotropic solvents. Further, we demonstrate liquid crystal double emulsions enable precise assembly of magnetic nanoparticles at the emulsion interface and can produce droplets movement and reorganization of the director field. In Chapter 5, we synthesize nucleophile-responsive surfactants with Michael acceptor functionalities to create responsive single and double emulsions. We demonstrate the emulsion systems are responsive to both small nucleophiles and polymeric nanoassemblies. Further, we describe the use of an unrelated stimuli, light, to trigger a cascade that results in emulsion responses.
Download or read book Smart Polymers and their Applications written by Maria Rosa Aguilar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-02-19 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smart polymers are polymers that respond to different stimuli or changes in the environment. Smart Polymers and their Applications reviews the types, synthesis, properties, and applications of smart polymers. Chapters in part one focus on types of polymers, including temperature-, pH-, photo-, and enzyme-responsive polymers. Shape memory polymers, smart polymer hydrogels, and self-healing polymer systems are also explored. Part two highlights applications of smart polymers, including smart instructive polymer substrates for tissue engineering; smart polymer nanocarriers for drug delivery; the use of smart polymers in medical devices for minimally invasive surgery, diagnosis, and other applications; and smart polymers for bioseparation and other biotechnology applications. Further chapters discuss the use of smart polymers for textile and packaging applications, and for optical data storage. Smart Polymers and their Applications is a technical resource for chemists, chemical engineers, mechanical engineers, and other professionals in the polymer industry; manufacturers in such sectors as medical, automotive, and aerospace engineering; and academic researchers in polymer science. - Reviews the different types of smart polymer, discussing their properties, structure, design, and characterization - Reviews applications of smart polymers in such areas as biomedical engineering, textiles, and food packaging
Download or read book Emulsion Science written by Jerôme Bibette and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-07-01 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emulsions occur either as end products or during the processing of products in a huge range of areas including the food, agrochemical, pharmaceuticals, paints and oil industries. As end products, emulsions allow to avoid organic solvent in processing hydrophobic coatings. Emulsion technology is a suitable approach to vehicle viscous phases. It is also a remarkable mean of targeting actives or capturing specific species. The range of applications of emulsions progresses and their manufacturing becomes more and more sophisticated. Besides this broad domain of technological interest, emulsions are raising a variety of fundamental questions at the frontier between physic and chem istry. Indeed, as a class of soft colloidal materials, emulsions science is linked to various aspects of these disciplines: phase transitions, surface forces and wetting, metastability and hydrodynamic instabilities, mechanical properties and flow. The aim of this book is to review the main important concepts governing emulsion science. In Chapter 2, repulsive interactions between liquid films are discussed as well as adhesive interaction related to wetting. In Chap ter 3, consequences of weak and strong attractions are presented, related to the well accepted liquid solid transition analogy. In Chapter 4, the basics of both bulk compressibility and shear elasticity are presented, the role of disorder being the most important aspect of the elastic behavior of these soft systems. In Chapter 5 the central question of the emulsion lifetime related to metastability is discussed.
Download or read book Flowing Matter written by Federico Toschi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-25 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book, published in the Soft and Biological Matter series, presents an introduction to selected research topics in the broad field of flowing matter, including the dynamics of fluids with a complex internal structure -from nematic fluids to soft glasses- as well as active matter and turbulent phenomena. Flowing matter is a subject at the crossroads between physics, mathematics, chemistry, engineering, biology and earth sciences, and relies on a multidisciplinary approach to describe the emergence of the macroscopic behaviours in a system from the coordinated dynamics of its microscopic constituents. Depending on the microscopic interactions, an assembly of molecules or of mesoscopic particles can flow like a simple Newtonian fluid, deform elastically like a solid or behave in a complex manner. When the internal constituents are active, as for biological entities, one generally observes complex large-scale collective motions. Phenomenology is further complicated by the invariable tendency of fluids to display chaos at the large scales or when stirred strongly enough. This volume presents several research topics that address these phenomena encompassing the traditional micro-, meso-, and macro-scales descriptions, and contributes to our understanding of the fundamentals of flowing matter. This book is the legacy of the COST Action MP1305 “Flowing Matter”.
Download or read book Polymer Capsules written by Ye Liu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-05-10 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers are one of the most versatile and important materials used for capsule preparation despite various others available. Suitably formulated capsules can securely protect ingredients, deliver them to targeted sites, and release them expeditiously, improving functions and minimizing adverse effects. New polymers are constantly being explored to develop more efficient capsules as they are routinely used in pharmaceuticals, consumer healthcare products, nutrients, and food. This book focuses on the current state of the art of polymer-based capsules and delivery systems. It describes the formulation processes of capsules developed from redox-responsive polymers and polymer-functionalized carbon nanotubes, in addition to shedding light on coacervation of polymers for encapsulation. It reviews different active ingredients that can be used with polymer capsules in various products, encapsulation of essential oils using such capsules, and development of polymer capsules of cells and bacteriophages.
Download or read book Multiple Emulsion written by Abraham Aserin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-12-10 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Comprehensive, Single-Source Reference on Multiple Emulsions In theory, multiple emulsions have significant potential for breakthrough applications in food, agricultural, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic industries in which they can facilitate the sustained release and transport of active material. However, in practice, multiple emulsions are thermodynamically unstable. This book presents recent findings that can help formulators understand how to enhance their stability. With chapters contributed by leading experts from around the world, it covers the definition and properties of multiple emulsions, their formation and stability, and potential applications, with an emphasis on medical and pharmaceutical applications. In one definitive resource, it presents recent findings and achievements in the field, including: New theoretical approaches and modeling to characterize the transport mechanism Droplet size reduction and increased shelf life stability through the use of polymeric amphiphiles and complex adducts The use of new emulsification techniques to enhance the monodispersibility of the droplets Potential applications in drug delivery systems where clinical studies have proven their efficacy This is a core, hands-on reference for surface and colloid scientists, physical chemists, chemical engineers, soft materials scientists, food chemists, controlled release scientists, and pharmaceutical scientists in drug delivery applications, as well as for graduate students in these disciplines. The editor and contributors hope this logical consolidation of current information will further the understanding of multiple emulsions and lead to new, practical applications.
Download or read book Chemical Design of Responsive Microgels written by Andrij Pich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-08 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microgels by Precipitation Polymerization: Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization, by A. Pich and W. Richtering * Hydrogels in Miniemulsions, by K. Landfester and A. Musyanovych * Nano- and Microgels Through Addition Reactions of Functional Oligomers and Polymers, by K. Albrecht, M. Moeller, and J. Groll * Synthesis of Microgels by Radiation Methods, by F. Krahl and K.-F. Arndt * Microgels as Nanoreactors: Applications in Catalysis, by N. Welsch, M.s Ballauff, and Y. Lu
Download or read book Colloidal Particles at Liquid Interfaces written by Bernard P. Binks and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-08-17 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The understanding of how small solid particles operate at liquid interfaces is minimal. This book brings together the topics actively being investigated, with contributions from experts in the field. It will be of interest to researchers in chemistry, physics, chemical engineering, pharmacy, food science and materials science.
Download or read book The Lattice Boltzmann Equation For Complex States of Flowing Matter written by Sauro Succi and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-04-13 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flowing matter is all around us, from daily-life vital processes (breathing, blood circulation), to industrial, environmental, biological, and medical sciences. Complex states of flowing matter are equally present in fundamental physical processes, far remote from our direct senses, such as quantum-relativistic matter under ultra-high temperature conditions (quark-gluon plasmas). Capturing the complexities of such states of matter stands as one of the most prominent challenges of modern science, with multiple ramifications to physics, biology, mathematics, and computer science. As a result, mathematical and computational techniques capable of providing a quantitative account of the way that such complex states of flowing matter behave in space and time are becoming increasingly important. This book provides a unique description of a major technique, the Lattice Boltzmann method to accomplish this task. The Lattice Boltzmann method has gained a prominent role as an efficient computational tool for the numerical simulation of a wide variety of complex states of flowing matter across a broad range of scales; from fully-developed turbulence, to multiphase micro-flows, all the way down to nano-biofluidics and lately, even quantum-relativistic sub-nuclear fluids. After providing a self-contained introduction to the kinetic theory of fluids and a thorough account of its transcription to the lattice framework, this text provides a survey of the major developments which have led to the impressive growth of the Lattice Boltzmann across most walks of fluid dynamics and its interfaces with allied disciplines. Included are recent developments of Lattice Boltzmann methods for non-ideal fluids, micro- and nanofluidic flows with suspended bodies of assorted nature and extensions to strong non-equilibrium flows beyond the realm of continuum fluid mechanics. In the final part, it presents the extension of the Lattice Boltzmann method to quantum and relativistic matter, in an attempt to match the major surge of interest spurred by recent developments in the area of strongly interacting holographic fluids, such as electron flows in graphene.
Download or read book Stimuli responsive Materials written by Marek W. Urban and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2016 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the scientific principles, developments and recent technological advances of stimuli responsive materials for those new to and active in the field.
Download or read book Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces written by Hans-Jürgen Butt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-02-07 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces Comprehensive textbook on the interdisciplinary field of interface science, fully updated with new content on wetting, spectroscopy, and coatings Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of surface and interface science, focusing on essential concepts rather than specific details, and on intuitive understanding rather than convoluted math. Numerous high-end applications from surface technology, biotechnology, and microelectronics are included to illustrate and help readers easily comprehend basic concepts. The new edition contains an increased number of problems with detailed, worked solutions, making it ideal as a self-study resource. In topic coverage, the highly qualified authors take a balanced approach, discussing advanced interface phenomena in detail while remaining comprehensible. Chapter summaries with the most important equations, facts, and phenomena are included to aid the reader in information retention. A few of the sample topics included in Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces are as follows: Liquid surfaces, covering microscopic picture of a liquid surface, surface tension, the equation of Young and Laplace, and curved liquid surfaces Thermodynamics of interfaces, covering surface excess, internal energy and Helmholtz energy, equilibrium conditions, and interfacial excess energies Charged interfaces and the electric double layer, covering planar surfaces, the Grahame equation, and limitations of the Poisson-Boltzmann theory Surface forces, covering Van der Waals forces between molecules, macroscopic calculations, the Derjaguin approximation, and disjoining pressure Physics and Chemistry of Interfaces is a complete reference on the subject, aimed at advanced students (and their instructors) in physics, material science, chemistry, and engineering. Researchers requiring background knowledge on surface and interface science will also benefit from the accessible yet in-depth coverage of the text.
Download or read book Nanoemulsions written by Seid Mahdi Jafari and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-02-24 with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoemulsions: Formulation, Applications, and Characterization provides detailed information on the production, application and characterization of food nanoemulsion as presented by experts who share a wealth of experience. Those involved in the nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries will find this a useful reference as it addresses findings related to different preparation and formulation methods of nanoemulsions and their application in different fields and products. As the last decade has seen a major shift from conventional emulsification processes towards nanoemulsions that both increase the efficiency and stability of emulsions and improve targeted drug and nutraceutical delivery, this book is a timely resource. - Summarizes general aspects of food nanoemulsions and their formulation - Provides detailed information on the production, application, and characterization of food nanoemulsion - Reveals the potential of nanoemulsions, as well as their novel applications in functional foods, nutraceutical products, delivery systems, and cosmetic formulations - Explains preparation of nanoemulsions by both low- and high-energy methods
Download or read book The Lattice Boltzmann Method written by Timm Krüger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-07 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an introduction to the theory, practice, and implementation of the Lattice Boltzmann (LB) method, a powerful computational fluid dynamics method that is steadily gaining attention due to its simplicity, scalability, extensibility, and simple handling of complex geometries. The book contains chapters on the method's background, fundamental theory, advanced extensions, and implementation. To aid beginners, the most essential paragraphs in each chapter are highlighted, and the introductory chapters on various LB topics are front-loaded with special "in a nutshell" sections that condense the chapter's most important practical results. Together, these sections can be used to quickly get up and running with the method. Exercises are integrated throughout the text, and frequently asked questions about the method are dealt with in a special section at the beginning. In the book itself and through its web page, readers can find example codes showing how the LB method can be implemented efficiently on a variety of hardware platforms, including multi-core processors, clusters, and graphics processing units. Students and scientists learning and using the LB method will appreciate the wealth of clearly presented and structured information in this volume.
