Download or read book Dynamic and Static CO2 Mass Transfer Processes in Bulk Heavy Oil and Heavy Oil Saturated Porous Media written by Ali Kavousi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mass Transfer of Alkane Solvents CO2 Heavy Oil Systems in the Absence and Presence of Porous Media Under Reservoir Conditions written by Hyun Woong Jang and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a thin heavy oil reservoir where thermal methods are not applicable due to heat loss to over- and under-burdens, gas injection is considered to be an effective alternative. One of the major mechanisms associated with gas injection is the molecular diffusion of dissolved gas(es) which reduce the viscosity of heavy oil while inducing oil swelling. Physically, addition of a less volatile gas to a more volatile gas enhances both viscosity reduction and oil swelling, while the presence of porous media complicates such mass transfer processes. Diffusivity of dissolved gas(es) in heavy oil is often estimated as a constant, while limited attempts have been made to determine it as a function of concentration in the absence and presence of porous media. In this study, a power-law mixing rule is firstly developed to correlate apparent diffusivity of a binary gas mixture in heavy oil with the diffusivity of each pure gas based on the principle of corresponding states. Comparison of the correlated results with the measured data from literature proves that the correlation can be used to accurately predict the apparent diffusivities of binary gas mixtures. To verify the effect of a gas component on the other in a binary gas mixture diffusing in heavy oil, the cross-term diffusivities are estimated for a CO2-C3H8 mixture as well as its main-term diffusivities using the experimental data from Li et al. (2017b). It is found that the existence of a gas with a high concentration at the gas-heavy oil interface enhances the mass transfer of the other gas component through the cross-term diffusivity by generating a high concentration gradient. Then, a generalized methodology has been developed to determine the diffusivity of a gas (e.g., CO2) in a heavy oil as an exponential function of gas concentration with consideration of oil swelling applying the test data from Li et al. (2017b) and Li and Yang (2016). The obtained concentration-dependent diffusivity of CO2 is reasonable and accurate as well as it can be converted for use at different pressures and temperatures. Further, a robust and pragmatic technique has been developed for the first time to implicitly evaluate the concentration-dependency of diffusivity for each component in a binary gas mixture diffusing in heavy oil as a power function of oil viscosity. As for the C3H8/CO2-heavy oil systems, the dependency of C3H8 diffusivity on the gas concentration is significantly higher than that of CO2 diffusivity. Lastly, the conventional pressure decay technique has been improved and extended to determine the effective diffusivity of either a pure gas or each component in a binary gas mixture in an unconsolidated porous medium saturated with heavy oil. Effective diffusivities are determined by matching the measured gas compositions in liquid-phase at the end of pressure decay tests with the calculated ones. Such determined effective diffusivity of C3H8 is found to be larger than that of CO2, which is in accordance with previous studies performed for the same gases diffusing in the same bulk heavy oil, although the porous medium hinders the mass transfer of gas(es).
Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Heavy Oil Systems Thermodynamics Transport and Interfacial Stability written by Truynh Quoc My Duy Tran and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Conventional oil recovery leaves behind around 67% of original oil in place for light oils and all of it for heavy oils. The carbon dioxide flooding process is the cheapest among the recovery methods for the next stage. The interest here lies in recovering heavy oil. When CO2 dissolves in oil, it increases the volume of oil, squeezes it out of narrow capillaries and the viscosity of oil drops by up to an order of magnitude. Starting with the available data with and without CO2 in heavy oil, the free volume theory is used to predict these physical properties. Specific volume CO2 in the solution is obtained from the swelling data. The viscosity data show us how to obtain the free volumes of CO2 in oil and hence allow prediction of the diffusivity of CO2. Separately, an analysis of the displacement process has been undertaken in a single cylindrical pore ~ 1 micrometer in diameter where the disjoining pressure is included and added to the Laplace pressure, besides the correlations obtained earlier. Numerical solutions have been obtained to provide the results: profile shapes, capillary numbers, and the thickness of thin oil film left behind the drive and net mass transfer rates across the interface. Finally, the viscosity of heavy crude is much higher than the viscosity of CO2 because of which the displacement process can be unstable leading to fingering or channeling. Linear stability analysis of the displacement process which is that of immiscible displacement but includes mass transfer has been investigated. We are able to provide results that lead to a stabilizing effect overcomes a large destabilizing effect of the adverse mobility ratio. The results show that in the limit that the solubility of CO2 in oil drops to zero, the above window of instability becomes infinite"--Abstract, page iii.
Download or read book Phase Behaviour and Mass Transfer of Solvent s CO2 heavy Oil Systems Under Reservoir Conditions written by Huazhou Li and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Process Systems and Materials for CO2 Capture written by Athanasios I. Papadopoulos and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-28 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive volume brings together an extensive collection of systematic computer-aided tools and methods developed in recent years for CO2 capture applications, and presents a structured and organized account of works from internationally acknowledged scientists and engineers, through: Modeling of materials and processes based on chemical and physical principles Design of materials and processes based on systematic optimization methods Utilization of advanced control and integration methods in process and plant-wide operations The tools and methods described are illustrated through case studies on materials such as solvents, adsorbents, and membranes, and on processes such as absorption / desorption, pressure and vacuum swing adsorption, membranes, oxycombustion, solid looping, etc. Process Systems and Materials for CO2 Capture: Modelling, Design, Control and Integration should become the essential introductory resource for researchers and industrial practitioners in the field of CO2 capture technology who wish to explore developments in computer-aided tools and methods. In addition, it aims to introduce CO2 capture technologies to process systems engineers working in the development of general computational tools and methods by highlighting opportunities for new developments to address the needs and challenges in CO2 capture technologies.
Download or read book Experimental Study of Multiphase Flow in Porous Media during CO2 Geo Sequestration Processes written by Ali Saeedi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-05 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There have been numerous computer-based simulation studies carried out on the subject of CO2 geo-sequestration. However, the amount of experimental data available in the literature on this topic, especially with regards to multiphase flow characteristics of fluid-rock systems during such processes, is very limited. This research was carried out with the aim of providing a better understanding of the multiphase fluid flow characteristics of fluid-rock systems during the geo-sequestration process. The ultimate goal of this research was to experimentally evaluate the change in a number of multiphase flow characteristics of the system over time caused by the potential chemical and physical/mechanical processes occurring during deep CO2 disposal. In order to achieve this goal the effects of cyclic/alternating CO2-brine flooding, flow direction, existence of residual hydrocarbon (natural gas) and change in the reservoir stress field on the system’s multiphase flow behaviour were investigated. Until completion of this study there were no experimental data published in the literature addressing the above mentioned issues and the results obtained, and published within this thesis were the first of their kind.
Download or read book Nonequilibrium Phase Behaviour and Mass Transfer of Alkane Solvents s CO2 Heavy Oil Systems Under Reservoir Conditions written by Yu Shi and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During primary heavy oil recovery, a unique phenomenon has been found to be closely associated with an unexpected high recovery factor, a remarkably low gas-oil ratio, and a higher-than-expected well production rate due mainly to the foamy nature of viscous oil containing gas bubbles. Even for secondary and tertiary recovery techniques, it is possible to artificially induce foamy oil flow in heavy oil reservoirs by dissolution with injected gases (e.g., CO2 and alkane solvents), which is characterized by time-dependent (i.e., nonequilibrium) phase behaviour. The entrained gas bubbles in the heavy oil are considered as the main mechanism accounting for such distinct phase behaviour. Therefore, it is of fundamental and practical importance to quantify the nonequilibrium phase behaviour and mass transfer of alkane solvent(s)-CO2-heavy oil systems under reservoir conditions. A novel and pragmatic technique has been firstly developed and validated to accurately quantify the preferential diffusion of each component in alkane solvent(s)- assisted recovery processes with consideration of natural convection induced by the heated and diluted heavy oil. The Peng-Robinson equation of state, heat transfer equation, and diffusion-convection equation are coupled to describe both mass and heat transfer for the aforementioned systems. The individual diffusion coefficient between each component of a gas mixture and liquid phase is respectively determined once either the deviation between the experimentally measured and theoretically calculated mole fraction of CO2/solvents or the deviation between the experimentally measured dynamic swelling factors and the theoretically calculated ones has been minimized. ii A robust and pragmatic technique has also been developed to quantify nonequilibrium phase behaviour of alkane solvent(s)-CO2-heavy oil systems at a constant volume expansion rate and a constant pressure decline rate, respectively. Experimentally, constant-composition expansion (CCE) tests have been conducted for alkane solvent(s)-CO2-heavy oil systems with a PVT setup, during which not only pressure and volume are simultaneously monitored and measured, but also gas samples were respectively collected at the beginning and the end of experiments to perform compositional analysis. Theoretically, mathematical formulations have been developed to quantify the amount of the evolved gas as a function of time, while mathematical models for compressibility and density of the oleic phase mixed with the entrained gas (i.e., foamy oil) are respectively formulated. In addition to a mechanistic model for quantifying a single gas bubble growth, a novel and pragmatic technique has been proposed and validated to quantify dynamic volume of foamy oil for the aforementioned systems under nonequilibrium conditions by taking preferential mass transfer of each component in a gas mixture into account. The individual diffusion coefficient of each gas component with consideration of natural convection is found to be larger than that obtained with conventional methods. An increase in either volume expansion rate or pressure decline rate would increase the critical supersaturation pressure, whereas a high temperature leads to a low critical supersaturation pressure. When pressure is below the pseudo-bubblepoint pressure, density and compressibility of foamy oil are found to sharply decrease and increase at the pseudo-bubblepoint pressure, respectively. Also, pseudo-bubblepoint pressure and rate of gas exsolution is found to be two mechanisms dominating the volume-growth rate of the evolved gas, which is directly proportional to supersaturation pressure, pressure decline rate, and concentration of each gas component under nonequilibrium conditions.
Download or read book Alternating Injection of Steam and CO2 for Thermal Recovery of Heavy Oil written by Kazeem Akintayo Lawal and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Experimental Study of Carbon Dioxide Dissolution Into a Light Crude Oil written by Fengshuang Du and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolution into a heavy oil has been extensively investigated as an effective solvent-based enhanced heavy oil recovery method for several decades. However, fewer attempts have been made to study CO2 dissolution into a light crude oil mainly because of possible occurrence of density-driven natural convection in the CO2- saturated light crude oil phase. The primary objective of this thesis is to experimentally study the phase behaviour of a Bakken light crude oil-CO2 system and the complex mass-transfer process of CO2 dissolution into the light crude oil. First, a series of PVT tests were conducted to measure CO2 solubilities in the light crude oil, oil-swelling factors, and CO2-saturated light crude oil densities at different equilibrium pressures and the actual reservoir temperature of Tres = 56.0°C. Second, the onset pressure of the initial quick light-hydrocarbons (HCs) extraction was determined by applying the axisymmetric drop shape analysis (ADSA) technique. Third, five comprehensive CO2 diffusion tests in the light crude oil were performed at five different initial test pressures (Pi = 4.1, 5.2, 6.3, 7.7, and 9.0 MPa) and Tres = 56.0°C by applying the pressure decay method (PDM). Two CO2 diffusion tests were repeated and conducted at Pi = 6.2 and 7.9 MPa to determine the experimental repeatabilities. Fourth, three gas samples in the diffusion cell were collected at three different CO2 diffusion times (t = 8 min, 1 and 24 h; t = 20 min, 1 and 24 h) in two CO2 diffusion tests (Pi = 5.2 and 7.7 MPa), respectively. Then the so-called graphical method was applied to analyze the measured pressure versus time data and determine the CO2 diffusivities in the light crude oil under different initial test pressures. The equilibrium pressures required in the graphical method were predicted from the measured CO2 solubilities and oil-swelling factors, as well as the predicted HCs extraction by using the Peng-Robinson equation of state (P-R EOS). Finally, the pressure history matching (PHM) method was also employed to determine the CO2 effective diffusivity in a short period of each diffusion test, in comparison with the graphical method. The experimental results show that CO2 solubility in the crude oil was increased from 1.301 to 8.101 kmole/m3 in the pressure range of 2.46-10.20 MPa. A quicker increase in CO2 solubility was found at a higher test pressure. The swelling factor of the light crude oil was increased from 1.05 to 1.62 in the pressure range of 2.01-9.29 MPa. The measured density of CO2-saturated light crude oil was increased with the equilibrium pressure or CO2 concentration in the range of 2.01-9.29 MPa or 1.150-7.079 kmole/m3. The onset pressure of the initial quick light-HCs extraction was determined to be 5.1 MPa. It was found from the five diffusion tests that there were three distinct periods of CO2 dissolution into the light crude oil: the natural convection-dominated period (Period I), the transition period, and the molecular diffusion-dominated period (Period II). The determined CO2 effective diffusivities (Deff) in Period I and CO2 molecular diffusivities (D) in Period II from the graphical method were in the ranges of 0.28-1.75×106 m2/s and 0.87-1.94×109 m2/s at the initial test pressures of Pi = 4.1-9.0 MPa, respectively. The CO2 effective diffusivity (Deff) was much reduced once CO2 reached the supercritical state because of possible formation of the CO2-enriched second liquid phase. However, the CO2 molecular diffusivity (D) was almost independent of the initial test pressure. A constant Z-factor used in the graphical method may lead to a relatively large error in the determination of Deff or D.
Download or read book Mechanisms for CO2 Sequestration in Geological Formations and Enhanced Gas Recovery written by Roozbeh Khosrokhavar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-28 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives background information why shale formations in the world are important both for storage capacity and enhanced gas recovery (EGR). Part of this book investigates the sequestration capacity in geological formations and the mechanisms for the enhanced storage rate of CO2 in an underlying saline aquifer. The growing concern about global warming has increased interest in geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2). The main mechanism of the enhancement, viz., the occurrence of gravity fingers, which are the vehicles of enhanced transport in saline aquifers, can be visualized using the Schlieren technique. In addition high pressure experiments confirmed that the storage rate is indeed enhanced in porous media. The book is appropriate for graduate students, researchers and advanced professionals in petroleum and chemical engineering. It provides the interested reader with in-depth insights into the possibilities and challenges of CO2 storage and the EGR prospect.
Download or read book Displacement of Heavy Oil by Carbon Dioxide in a Tube written by Mohammed Almabrouk Ali Ahmad and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "After using primary and secondary oil recovery methods, about two third of the original oil in place is left behind in the reservoir. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods are being used to recover that oil. CO2 flooding is one of the EOR methods that is used to recover the oil. The interest here lies in recovery of heavy oils. The dissolution of CO2 in oil reduces oil viscosity and swells it, making it easier to displace the oil. FLUENT is used to solve the problem of CO2 displacing heavy oil in a tube. Different velocities/capillary numbers (Ca) and different tube radii are used as input into FLUENT to solve different cases. The oil film thickness that left behind (h[subscript infinity]) is reported both without mass transfer and with mass transfer. The oil film thickness that is left behind, h[subscript infinity] is decreased when capillary number is decreased. When there is no mass transfer, the non-dimensional film thickness left behind h[subscript infinity]/R plotted against capillary number Ca fit Bretherton line. Even under mass transfer of CO2 into oil, bubbles show Bretherton-type behavior. Convection in this case opposes the mass transfer and limits how much CO2 can dissolve in oil"--Abstract, Leaf iii.
Download or read book CO2 Capture by Reactive Absorption Stripping written by Claudio Madeddu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-15 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on modelling issues and their implications for the correct design of reactive absorption–desorption systems. In addition, it addresses the case of carbon dioxide (CO2) post-combustion capture in detail. The book proposes a new perspective on these systems, and provides technological solutions with comparisons to previous treatments of the subject. The model that is proposed is subsequently validated using experimental data. In addition, the book features graphs to guide readers with immediate visualizations of the benefits of the methodology proposed. It shows a systematic procedure for the steady-state model-based design of a CO2 post-combustion capture plant that employs reactive absorption-stripping, using monoethanolamine as the solvent. It also discusses the minimization of energy consumption, both through the modification of the plant flowsheet and the set-up of the operating parameters. The book offers a unique source of information for researchers and practitioners alike, as it also includes an economic analysis of the complete plant. Further, it will be of interest to all academics and students whose work involves reactive absorption-stripping design and the modelling of reactive absorption-stripping systems.
Download or read book Recent Technologies in Capture of CO2 written by Rosa-Hilda Chavez and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2014-09-30 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Recent Technologies in the capture of CO2” provides a comprehensive summary on the latest technologies available to minimize the emission of CO2 from large point sources like fossil-fuel power plants or industrial facilities. This ebook also covers various techniques that could be developed to reduce the amount of CO2 released into the atmosphere. The contents of this book include chapters on oxy-fuel combustion in fluidized beds, gas separation membrane used in post-combustion capture, minimizing energy consumption in CO2 capture processes through process integration, characterization and application of structured packing for CO2 capture, calcium looping technology for CO2 capture and many more. Recent Technologies in capture of CO2 is a valuable resource for graduate students, process engineers and administrative staff looking for real-case analysis of pilot plants. This eBook brings together the research results and professional experiences of the most renowned work groups in the CO2 capture field.
Download or read book Enhanced Oil Recovery Field Case Studies written by S. Lee and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) survey in Oil and Gas Journal (2010), approximately 280,000bbl of oil per day or 6% of US crude oil production was produced by carbon dioxide (CO2) EOR. Just like any other gas injection processes, field CO2 flooding projects suffer from poor sweep efficiency due to early gas breakthrough, unfavorable mobility ratio, reservoir heterogeneity, viscous fingering and channeling, and gravity segregation. Many of these problems are believed to be alleviated or overcome by foaming the injected CO2. Since the 1970s, CO2-foam flooding has been used as a commercially viable method for EOR processes. Foams, defined as a mixture of internal gas phase in a continuous external liquid phase containing surfactant molecules, can improve sweep efficiency significantly by reducing gas mobility, especially in the reservoirs with a high level of geological heterogeneity. This chapter consists of three main parts: the first part (Section 2.1) deals with fundamentals on foams in porous media and recent advances in this field of research, including three foam states (weak-foam, strong-foam, and intermediate states) and two steady-state flow regimes of strong foams; the second part (Section 2.2) overviews field examples of foam-assisted CO2-EOR processes; and the third part (Section 2.3) covers typical field injection and production responses if CO2-foam pilot or field-scale treatments are successful.
Download or read book Stability of Fluid fluid Displacement with Mass Transfer in Porous Media written by Huan-Chung Chang and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book CO2 Reservoir Oil Miscibility written by Dayanand Saini and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-25 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This SpringerBrief critically examines the latest experimental and non-experimental approaches used for the fast and reliable characterization and determination of CO2-reservoir oil miscibility in terms of the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP). This book serves as a one-stop source for developing an enhanced understanding of these available methods, and specifically documents, analyses, and evaluates their suitability and robustness for depicting and characterizing the phenomenon of CO2-reservoir oil miscibility in a fast and cost-effective manner. Such information can greatly assist a project team in selecting an appropriate MMP determination method as per the project’s need at a given project’s stage, be that screening, design, or implementation. CO2-Reservoir Oil Miscibility: Experiential and Non-Experimental Characterization and Determination Approaches will be of interest to petroleum science and engineering professionals, researchers, and undergraduate and graduate students engaged in CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and/or simultaneous CO2-EOR and storage projects and related research. It may also be of interest to engineering and management professionals within the petroleum industry who have responsibility for implementing CO2-EOR projects.
Download or read book Pressure Pulsing Potential During Waterflooding and CO2 Flooding of Heavy Oil Reservoirs written by Igor Atamanchuk and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
