Download or read book Dynamic Analysis of Fuel Cycle Transitioning written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the time-dependent dynamics of transitioning from a once-through fuel cycle to a closed fuel cycle. The once-through system involves only Light Water Reactors (LWRs) operating on uranium oxide fuel UOX), while the closed cycle includes both LWRs and fast spectrum reactors (FRs) in either a single-tier system or two-tier fuel system. The single-tier system includes full transuranic recycle in FRs while the two-tier system adds one pass of mixed oxide uranium-plutonium (MOX U-Pu) fuel in the LWR. While the analysis primarily focuses on burner fast reactors, transuranic conversion ratios up to 1.0 are assessed and many of the findings apply to any fuel cycle transitioning from a thermal once-through system to a synergistic thermal-fast recycle system. These findings include uranium requirements for a range of nuclear electricity growth rates, the importance of back end fuel cycle facility timing and magnitude, the impact of employing a range of fast reactor conversion ratios, system sensitivity to used fuel cooling time prior to recycle, impacts on a range of waste management indicators, and projected electricity cost ranges for once-through, single-tier and two-tier systems. The study confirmed that significant waste management benefits can be realized as soon as recycling is initiated, but natural uranium savings are minimal in this century. The use of MOX in LWRs decouples the development of recycle facilities from fast reactor fielding, but also significantly delays and limits fast reactor deployment. In all cases, fast reactor deployment was significantly below than predicted by static equilibrium analyses.

Download or read book Assessment of Tools and Data for System Level Dynamic Analyses written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only fuel cycle for which dynamic analyses and assessments are not needed is the null fuel cycle - no nuclear power. For every other concept, dynamic analyses are needed and can influence relative desirability of options. Dynamic analyses show how a fuel cycle might work during transitions from today's partial fuel cycle to something more complete, impact of technology deployments, location of choke points, the key time lags, when benefits can manifest, and how well parts of fuel cycles work together. This report summarizes the readiness of existing Fuel Cycle Technology (FCT) tools and data for conducting dynamic analyses on the range of options. VISION is the primary dynamic analysis tool. Not only does it model mass flows, as do other dynamic system analysis models, but it allows users to explore various potential constraints. The only fuel cycle for which constraints are not important are those in concept advocates PowerPoint presentations; in contrast, comparative analyses of fuel cycles must address what constraints exist and how they could impact performance. The most immediate tool need is extending VISION to the thorium/U233 fuel cycle. Depending on further clarification of waste management strategies in general and for specific fuel cycle candidates, waste management sub-models in VISION may need enhancement, e.g., more on 'co-flows' of non-fuel materials, constraints in waste streams, or automatic classification of waste streams on the basis of user-specified rules. VISION originally had an economic sub-model. The economic calculations were deemed unnecessary in later versions so it was retired. Eventually, the program will need to restore and improve the economics sub-model of VISION to at least the cash flow stage and possibly to incorporating cost constraints and feedbacks. There are multiple sources of data that dynamic analyses can draw on. In this report, 'data' means experimental data, data from more detailed theoretical or empirical calculations on technology performance, and assumptions such as the earliest date a technology can be deployed. The only fuel cycles for which we currently have adequate data are those we are sure we will never build, e.g., a PUREX plant in the U.S. For actual candidates, even for once through LWRs, there remain missing data such as how the fuel cycle would be completed with a geologic repository. The most immediate data needs are probably basic reactor physics data for new concepts and data associated with waste management for anything other than current technology. The readiness of tools and data is fluid and depends on what purposes are envisioned to drive upcoming analyses and further definition of the waste-related characteristics of fuel cycle candidates. Tools and data sets evolve as needs evolve. Thus, much of the document explains that if the FCT program wants a certain type of analysis, then the tools and data needs are as indicated. For example, functions can be treated as either commodities or facilities. Reactors, separation, fuel fabrication, repository are treated as facility types. Other functions such as uranium mining, conversion, enrichment, and waste packaging and non-repository disposal are treated as commodities and therefore not modeled as extensively. In summary, the tools are functional and can answer many fuel cycle questions but some analyses will require that the tools be modified to support those analyses.

Download or read book Dynamic Systems Analysis Report for Nuclear Fuel Recycle written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines the time-dependent dynamics of transitioning from the current United States (U.S.) nuclear fuel cycle where used nuclear fuel is disposed in a repository to a closed fuel cycle where the used fuel is recycled and only fission products and waste are disposed. The report is intended to help inform policy developers, decision makers, and program managers of system-level options and constraints as they guide the formulation and implementation of advanced fuel cycle development and demonstration efforts and move toward deployment of nuclear fuel recycling infrastructure.

Download or read book Fuel Cycle Transition Simulation Capabilities in CYCLUS written by Jin Whan Bae and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Autonomous Dynamic Decision Making in Fuel Cycle Simulators Using a Game Theoretic Approach written by Urairisa Birdy Phathanapirom and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel methodology for optimizing nuclear fuel cycle transitions that captures interactions between a policy maker and electric utility company is presented. The methodology is demonstrated using a two-person general-sum sequential game with uncertainty that is implemented using a nuclear fuel cycle simulator capable of calculating a material- and technology-constrained material balance, coupled to a multi-objective optimization solver. The solver explicitly treats uncertainties using a stochastic programming approach with chance nodes depicted as a Nature player who moves randomly. The methodology is demonstrated through a Transition Game that features tradeoffs between investments in competing reprocessing and waste disposal technologies, dynamic reactor deployment responses to resolutions in reactor capital cost uncertainty, and the influence of capital subsidies on the future nuclear technology mix. Each player in the game uses a unique set of decision criteria to identify optimal near-term hedging strategies that consider all of Nature’s possible moves as well as the other player’s available decisions. These hedging strategies balance the exchange between the risk of immediate action and delay and maintain flexibility to allow for intelligent recourse decisions once uncertainties are resolved. Results from the Transition Game indicate that early transition to high-temperature gas-cooled reactors is preferred, with the option to abandon the transition following a learning period if capital costs are unfavorable. Under these conditions, transition to used fuel recycling in sodium-cooled fast reactors may be spurred by policy incentives under some certain decision criteria weightings. Otherwise, operating with a baseline set of decision criteria weightings, transition to a closed fuel is never observed when players hedge optimally against Nature’s moves. It is only when players have perfect information regarding Nature’s future moves will transition to a closed fuel be observed

Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 934 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Transportation in a Net Zero World Transitioning Towards Low Carbon Public Transport written by Kathryn G. Logan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-04-07 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the importance of transitioning from conventionally fuelled, electric and hydrogen personal vehicles towards low carbon electric and hydrogen public transport. It presents international comparisons and case studies of countries who have successfully and unsuccessfully implemented policies to reduce their emissions from land-based transport. It discusses and provides policy recommendations to meet a net zero transport world by exploring potential issues, including infrastructure changes and electricity generation mix which may prevent targets being met successfully. The book also demonstrates how the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced individual transport choices and what will need to be done to ensure travel remains sustainable going forward. Aligned with an active area of academic and civil discourse on the topic of sustainable transportation systems, Transportation in a Net Zero World will be of interest to researchers, policy makers, and graduate students alike, in the fields of environmental science and transport studies.

Download or read book Repository Modeling for Fuel Cycle Scenario Analysis written by Tracy E. Radel and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Journal of Transportation and Statistics written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluating Environmental Health and Safety Impacts from Two Nuclear Fuel Cycles written by Bethany L. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Design of 24 Month Transition and Equilibrium Fuel Cycles for Dresden Unit 3 written by Tavan L. Hendrick and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nuclear Power written by Pavel Tsvetkov and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-09-09 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are fortunate to live in incredibly exciting and incredibly challenging time. Energy demands due to economic growth and increasing population must be satisfied in a sustainable manner assuring inherent safety, efficiency and no or minimized environmental impact. These considerations are among the reasons that lead to serious interest in deploying nuclear power as a sustainable energy source. At the same time, catastrophic earthquake and tsunami events in Japan resulted in the nuclear accident that forced us to rethink our approach to nuclear safety, design requirements and facilitated growing interests in advanced nuclear energy systems. This book is one in a series of books on nuclear power published by InTech. It consists of six major sections housing twenty chapters on topics from the key subject areas pertinent to successful development, deployment and operation of nuclear power systems worldwide. The book targets everyone as its potential readership groups - students, researchers and practitioners - who are interested to learn about nuclear power.

Download or read book Life Cycle Analysis of Energy Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel-cycle analysis if not the same as life-cycle analysis, although the focus on defining a comprehensive system for analysis leads toward the same path. This approach was the basis of the Brookhaven Reference Energy System. It provided a framework for summing total effects over an explicitly defined fuel cycle. This concept was computerized and coupled with an extensive data base in ESNS -- the Energy Systems Network Simulator. As an example, ESNS was the analytical basis for a comparison of health and environmental effects of several coal conversion technologies. With advances in computer systems and methods, however, ESNS has not been maintained at Brookhaven. The RES approach was one of the bases of the OECD COMPASS Project and the UNEP comparative assessment of environmental impacts of energy sources. An RES model alone has limitations in analyzing complex energy systems, e.g., it is difficult to handle feedback in the network. The most recent version of a series of optimization models is MARKAL, a dynamic linear programming model now used to assess strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the energy system. MARKAL creates an optimal set of reference energy systems over multiple time periods, automatically incorporating dynamic feedback and allowing fuel switching and end-use conservation to meet useful energy demands.

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Coping with Uncertainty written by Kurt Marti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-11-23 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ongoing global changes pose fundamentally new scientific problems requiring new concepts and tools. A key issue concerns a vast variety of practically irreducible uncertainties, which challenge traditional models and require new concepts and analytical tools. Uncertainty can dominate, as in the climate change debates. Increasing the resolution of models does not always yield sufficient certainty. This book presents much-needed new tools for modeling and management of uncertainty.

Download or read book Energy Abstracts for Policy Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 1018 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: