Download or read book The Dumbarton Oaks Conversations and the United Nations 1944 1994 written by Ernest R. May and published by Dumbarton Oaks. This book was released on 1998 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1944, as the end of World War II approached, an important series of talks was held to plan the formation of postwar international institutions. The site for the conversations was Dumbarton Oaks in Washington, D.C., a research institute administered by Harvard University. In a spirit of optimism, Secretary of State Cordell Hull said that the purpose was "to create the institutional foundations for a just and enduring peace," while Soviet ambassador Andrei Gromyko spoke of an international organization that would "guarantee for the peoples peace, security, and prosperity in the future." The meetings, which included debates on a variety of issues, were a first step toward the creation of the United Nations. In 1994, the "Dumbarton Oaks Conference, 1944-1994" brought together scholars and policymakers who have been involved with the study of international organizations or have played important roles in them. The conference papers in this volume examine both the formation of the United Nations and a number of current issues, including human rights, collective economic sanctions, peacekeeping operations, and the evolution of the role of the secretary-general.
Download or read book Dumbarton Oaks Conversations 1944 1994 written by Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn and published by Dumbarton Oaks Pub Service. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dumbarton Oaks Documents on International Organization written by United States. Department of State and published by . This book was released on 1944 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A New Deal for the World written by Elizabeth Borgwardt and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2007-09-30 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a work of sweeping scope and luminous detail, Elizabeth Borgwardt describes how a cadre of World War II American planners inaugurated the ideas and institutions that underlie our modern international human rights regime. Borgwardt finds the key in the 1941 Atlantic Charter and its Anglo-American vision of “war and peace aims.” In attempting to globalize what U.S. planners heralded as domestic New Deal ideas about security, the ideology of the Atlantic Charter—buttressed by FDR’s “Four Freedoms” and the legacies of World War I—redefined human rights and America’s vision for the world. Three sets of international negotiations brought the Atlantic Charter blueprint to life—Bretton Woods, the United Nations, and the Nuremberg trials. These new institutions set up mechanisms to stabilize the international economy, promote collective security, and implement new thinking about international justice. The design of these institutions served as a concrete articulation of U.S. national interests, even as they emphasized the importance of working with allies to achieve common goals. The American architects of these charters were attempting to redefine the idea of security in the international sphere. To varying degrees, these institutions and the debates surrounding them set the foundations for the world we know today. By analyzing the interaction of ideas, individuals, and institutions that transformed American foreign policy—and Americans’ view of themselves—Borgwardt illuminates the broader history of modern human rights, trade and the global economy, collective security, and international law. This book captures a lost vision of the American role in the world.
Download or read book Britain and the International Civil Service written by Amy Limoncelli and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-09-09 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study emphasizes the legacies of British internationalism in the international organizations of the twentieth century while examining British responses to the end of the British Empire. After the First and Second World Wars, the victorious powers established international organizations such as the League of Nations and the United Nations in an attempt to institutionalize peace. The staff of these bodies became known as the international civil service, which pledged loyalty to the aims of the organization rather than their home government. For much of the twentieth century, Britons were the most or second- most represented nationality in the international civil service. Why did so many Britons participate? This book shows how British planners at the League based the international civil service on the British civil services, and how subsequent British governments encouraged high rates of participation as a way to project influence and goodwill as the British Empire declined. This book will appeal to scholars of internationalism and modern history at the undergraduate and graduate levels, as well as specialists and international civil servants themselves.
Download or read book Historical Dictionary of the 1940s written by James Gilbert Ryan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-03-26 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only available historical dictionary devoted exclusively to the 1940s, this book offers readers a ready-reference portrait of one of the twentieth century's most tumultuous decades. In nearly 600 concise entries, the volume quickly defines a historical figure, institution, or event, and then points readers to three sources that treat the subject in depth. In selecting topics for inclusion, the editors and authors offer a representative slice of life as contemporaneous Americans saw it - with coverage of people; movements; court cases; and economic, social, cultural, political, military, and technological changes. The book focuses chiefly on the United States, but places American lives and events firmly within a global context.
Download or read book The Charter of the United Nations written by and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-07-04 with total page 6378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the third edition of this commentary on the Charter of the United Nations was published in 2012, the text of the Charter has not changed DL but the world has. Central pillars of the international order enshrined in the UN Charter are facing serious challenges, notably the prohibition of the use of force. Human rights, too, have come under increasing pressure, now also from contemporary information technology. Global warming poses fundamental challenges for the world community as a whole in its effort to stabilize global ecosystems. Fully updated, the commentary takes up these and other developments. It features new chapters on Climate Change and the Human Rights Council. The commentary remains the authoritative, article-by-article account of the legislative history, interpretation, and practical application of each and every Charter provision. Written by a team of distinguished scholars and practitioners, this book combines academic research with the insights of practice. It is an indispensable tool of reference for all those interested in the United Nations and its legal significance for the world community. The Commentary will be crucial in combining solid legal foundations with new directions for the development of international law and the United Nations in the twenty-first century
Download or read book A Home of the Humanities written by James N. Carder and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mildred and Robert Woods Bliss were consummate collectors and patrons. The illustrated essays in this volume reveal how the Blisses' wide-ranging interests in art, music, gardens, architecture, and interior design resulted in the creation of the Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection--what they came to call their "home of the humanities."
Download or read book The UN Secretary General and Moral Authority written by Kent J. Kille and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 2007-10-29 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once described by Trygve Lie as the "most impossible job on earth," the position of UN Secretary-General is as frustratingly constrained as it is prestigious. The Secretary-General's ability to influence global affairs often depends on how the international community regards his moral authority. In relation to such moral authority, past office-holders have drawn on their own ethics and religious backgrounds—as diverse as Lutheranism, Catholicism, Buddhism, and Coptic Christianity—to guide the role that they played in addressing the UN's goals in the international arena, such as the maintenance of international peace and security and the promotion of human rights. In The UN Secretary-General and Moral Authority, contributors provide case studies of all seven former secretaries-general, establishing a much-needed comparative survey of each office-holder's personal religious and moral values. From Trygve Lie's forbearance during the UN's turbulent formative years to the Nobel committee's awarding Kofi Annan and the United Nations the prize for peace in 2001, the case studies all follow the same format, first detailing the environmental and experiential factors that forged these men's ethical frameworks, then analyzing how their "inner code" engaged with the duties of office and the global events particular to their terms. Balanced and unbiased in its approach, this study provides valuable insight into how religious and moral leadership functions in the realm of international relations, and how the promotion of ethical values works to diffuse international tensions and improve the quality of human life around the world.
Download or read book Over the Horizon written by David M. Edelstein and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do established powers react to growing competitors? The United States currently faces a dilemma with regard to China and others over whether to embrace competition and thus substantial present-day costs or collaborate with its rivals to garner short-term gains while letting them become more powerful. This problem lends considerable urgency to the lessons to be learned from Over the Horizon. David M. Edelstein analyzes past rising powers in his search for answers that point the way forward for the United States as it strives to maintain control over its competitors. Edelstein focuses on the time horizons of political leaders and the effects of long-term uncertainty on decision-making. He notes how state leaders tend to procrastinate when dealing with long-term threats, hoping instead to profit from short-term cooperation, and are reluctant to act precipitously in an uncertain environment. To test his novel theory, Edelstein uses lessons learned from history’s great powers: late nineteenth-century Germany, the United States at the turn of the twentieth century, interwar Germany, and the Soviet Union at the origins of the Cold War. Over the Horizon demonstrates that cooperation between declining and rising powers is more common than we might think, although declining states may later regret having given upstarts time to mature into true threats.
Download or read book Reforming the UN Security Council Membership written by Sabine Hassler and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book places the discussion on reform of the Security Council membership in the context of its primary responsibility at the helm of the UN collective security system.
Download or read book The Economic Weapon written by Nicholas Mulder and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tracing the history of economic sanctions from the blockades of World War I to the policing of colonial empires and the interwar confrontation with fascism, Nicholas Mulder combines political, economic, legal, and military history to reveal how a coercive wartime tool was adopted as an instrument of peacekeeping by the League of Nations.This timely study casts an overdue light on why sanctions are widely considered a form of war, and why their unintended consequences are so tremendous.
Download or read book Designs of Destruction written by Lucia Allais and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2018-10-16 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How historical preservation efforts to protect architectural monuments arose in the twentieth century. The twentieth century was highly destructive, but from its landscapes of ruins was born a new architectural type: the cultural monument. In the wake of World War I, an international movement arose which aimed to protect architectural monuments in large numbers, and regardless of style, hoping not only to keep them safe from future conflicts but also to make them worthy of protection from more quotidian forms of destruction. An evolving group—including architects, intellectuals, art historians, archaeologists, curators, and lawyers—grew out of the new diplomacy of the League of Nations. During and after World War II, it became affiliated with the Allied Military Government and was eventually absorbed by the UN as UNESCO. By the 1970s, this organization had begun granting World Heritage status to a global register of significant sites—from buildings to bridges, shrines to city centers, ruins to colossi. Examining key episodes in the history of this preservation effort—including projects for the Parthenon, the Cathedral of St-Lô, the temples of Abu Simbel, and the Bamyian Buddahs —Lucia Allais demonstrates how the group deployed the notion of culture to shape architectural sites, and how architecture in turn shaped the very idea of global culture. Designs of Destruction emphasizes how the technical project of ensuring various buildings’ longevity jolted preservation into establishing a transnational set of codes, values, and practices. At the same time, this paradoxically helped integrate technologies of destruction—from bombs to bulldozers—into cultural governance. Designs of Destruction not only offers a fascinating narrative of cultural diplomacy, based on extensive archival findings; it also contributes an important new chapter in the intellectual history of modernity by showing the manifold ways architectural form is charged with concretizing abstract ideas and ideals, even in its destruction.
Download or read book World Politics written by Jeffrey Haynes and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 1162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the war on terror to the global financial crisis, traditional concepts of world politics are being challenged on a daily basis. In these uncertain times, the study of international relations and the forces that shape them have never been more important. Written specifically for students who are approaching this subject for the first time, World Politics is the most accessible, coherent and up-to-date account of the field available. It covers the historical backdrop to today’s political situations, the complex interactions of states and non-state actors, the role of political economy, human security in all its forms, and the ways in which culture, religion and identity influence events. World Politics takes a new approach that challenges traditional interpretations, and will equip students with the knowledge and the confidence needed to tackle the big issues.
Download or read book How Global Institutions Rule the World written by Josep M Colomer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-19 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews bureau-type organizations delivering network goods, documenting how most global institutions greatly improved their effectiveness during the last few decades. In the current globalized world, the design and choice of appropriate institutional rules and procedures can result in effective and democratic global government.
Download or read book Exporting Freedom written by Anna Su and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2016-01-04 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Religious freedom is widely recognized today as a basic human right, guaranteed by nearly all national constitutions. Exporting Freedom charts the rise of religious freedom as an ideal firmly enshrined in international law and shows how America’s promotion of the cause of individuals worldwide to freely practice their faith advanced its ascent as a global power. Anna Su traces America’s exportation of religious freedom in various laws and policies enacted over the course of the twentieth century, in diverse locations and under a variety of historical circumstances. Influenced by growing religious tolerance at home and inspired by a belief in the United States’ obligation to protect the persecuted beyond its borders, American officials drafted constitutions as part of military occupations—in the Philippines after the Spanish-American War, in Japan following World War II, and in Iraq after 2003. They also spearheaded efforts to reform the international legal order by pursuing Wilsonian principles in the League of Nations, drafting the United Nations Charter, and signing the Helsinki Accords during the Cold War. The fruits of these labors are evident in the religious freedom provisions in international legal instruments, regional human rights conventions, and national constitutions. In examining the evolution of religious freedom from an expression of the civilizing impulse to the democratization of states and, finally, through the promotion of human rights, Su offers a new understanding of the significance of religion in international relations.
Download or read book Managing Babel written by Li-Ann Thio and published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book was released on 2005 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive, modern study of the important field of international protection of minority rights, focusing on 20th century developments.
