Download or read book Dual Oxidant System for in Situ Treatment of Organic Contaminants written by Yuyi Jin and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, the potential catalytic properties of manganese dioxide have attracted attention as a means to activate persulfate. This focus of this research was on the potential ability of MnO2(s) solids synthesized through permanganate oxidation of organics to activate persulfate. A combined permanganate + persulfate (PM/PS) system is proposed for the treatment of organic compounds. In this system, a limited mass of permanganate is first introduced into a contaminated zone to generate MnO2(s) and then, after an appropriate reaction period, persulfate is delivered and activated by MnO2(s) for enhanced treatment. MnO2(s) generated from non-aqueous phase trichloroethylene (TCE) and potassium permanganate were employed to activate persulfate for the treatment of 1-methylnaphthalene in a series of batch experiments at various MnO2(s) to persulfate mass ratios. The results from these batch experiments showed that MnO2(s) is capable of activating persulfate. The highest 1-methylnaphthalene degradation rate was achieved at a mass ratio 20 g MnO2(s) /g persulfate with synthetic groundwater. The mass of 1-methylnaphthalene removed increased with an increase in MnO2(s) dosage. The degradation of 1-methylnaphthalene using a mass ratio 5:1 (g MnO2(s): g PS) with Milli-Q water was slightly higher than for unactivated persulfate. The degradation kinetics of 1-methylnaphthalene by persulfate activated by MnO2(s) solids was one order of magnitude higher than that achieved by unactivated persulfate. The surface of MnO2(s) solids remained unaltered during the experiment period. The performance of the PM/PS system for the degradation of aqueous phase benzene and TCE was investigated in a series of batch reactors. The PM/PS system produced higher benzene degradation than unactivated persulfate for the same mass of PS consumed. Bench-scale stop-flow column systems that closely mimic in situ conditions were executed to evaluate the performance of the proposed PM/PS system for the treatment of a residual TCE and 1-methylnaphthalene mixture. The TCE and 1-methylnaphthalene mass removed in the PM/PS system was 11% and 25% higher than by only permanganate or persulfate, respectively. Based on the findings from batch and column experiments, the minimum permanganate to persulfate molar ratio for effective treatment is 13:1. The results of this research confirm that MnO2(s) solids are able to enhance persulfate reactivity, and that the proposed PM/PS system is a promising remedy for the treatment of soil and groundwater contaminated with organic compounds. The research efforts provide key insights into the design of a PM/PS system for ISCO.
Download or read book In Situ Chemical Oxidation for Groundwater Remediation written by Robert L. Siegrist and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-25 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides comprehensive up-to-date descriptions of the principles and practices of in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) for groundwater remediation based on a decade of intensive research, development, and demonstrations, and lessons learned from commercial field applications.
Download or read book Principles and Practices of in Situ Chemical Oxidation Using Permanganate written by Robert L. Siegrist and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: - Chapter 1: An overview of chemical oxidation including its development and application for in situ treatment of contaminated sites. The oxidation chemistry of Fenton's reagent, permanganate, and ozone are highlighted along with optional methods of oxidant delivery for in situ application. The results of lab-and field-scale applications are summarized.- Chapter 2: A description of the principles and processes of chemical oxidation using potassium or sodium permanganate for organic chemical degradation, including reaction stoichiometry, equilibria, and kinetics, as well as the effects of environmental factors.- Chapter 3: Information provided on the effects of permanganate on the behavior of metals.- Chapter 4: A discussion of the potential for permeability loss and other secondary effects during in situ oxidation using permanganate.- Chapter 5: A description of optional methods of oxidant delivery for in situ remediation.- Chapter 6: A description of a process for evaluation, design, and implementation of permanganate systems.- Chapter 7: A detailed description of five different applications of an in situ chemical oxidation using potassium or sodium permanganate.- Chapter 8: Highlights of the current status and future directions of this remediation technology.
Download or read book A Field scale Test of in Situ Chemical Oxidation Through Recirculation written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In situ chemical oxidation is a developing class of remediation technologies in which organic contaminants are degraded in place by powerful oxidants. Successful implementation of this technology requires an effective means for dispersing the oxidant to contaminated regions in the subsurface. An oxidant delivery technique has been developed wherein the treatment solution is made by adding an oxidant to extracted groundwater. The oxidant-laden groundwater is then injected and recirculated into a contaminated aquifer through multiple horizontal and/or vertical wells. This technique, referred to as in situ chemical oxidation through recirculation (ISCOR), can be applied to saturated and hydraulically conductive formations and used with relatively stable oxidants such as potassium permanganate (KMnO4). A field-scale test of ISCOR was conducted at a site (Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant) where groundwater in a 5-ft thick silty gravel aquifer is contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) at levels that indicate the presence of residual dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). The field test was implemented using a pair of parallel horizontal wells with 200-ft screened sections. For approximately one month, groundwater was extracted from one horizontal well, dosed with crystalline KMnO4, and re-injected into the other horizontal well 90 ft away. Post-treatment characterization showed that ISCOR was effective at removing TCE in the saturated region. Lateral and vertical heterogeneities within the treatment zone impacted the uniform delivery of the oxidant solution. However, TCE was not detected in groundwater samples collected from monitoring wells and soil samples from borings in locations where the oxidant had permeated.
Download or read book Oxidant Complexation for Oxidant Delivery to Enhance In situ Chemical Oxidation of Groundwater Contaminants written by Adam Dettmer and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recalcitrant organic contaminants (e.g. 1,4-dioxane) can form vast groundwater plumes and require strong oxidants for their complete mineralization. Such contaminants are typically treated using ex-situ remediation techniques, which are time consuming and expensive. There is a need for a more cost-effective, in-situ chemical oxidation method to remediate these contaminants; however, naturally occurring reduced species associated with the aquifer material can impose a significant natural oxidant demand (NOD), making the in-situ delivery of strong oxidants ineffective beyond source zone applications. This study investigates the ability of two common complexing agents, hydroxypropyl-beta cyclodextrin (HPCD) and tween 80, to form inclusion complexes with ozone, a strong oxidant, and subsequently enhance the lifespan of the oxidant in a synthetic groundwater solution. Secondly, the effect of the complexing agents on the NOD of aquifer solids was investigated. Further, the effect of sediment organic matter on the NOD of three aquifer solids was investigated herein. The ozone half-life was enhanced by more than 13 times in HPCD solutions, and the ozone half-life enhancement was linearly related to the HPCD to ozone mole ratio. Ozone solutions containing HPCD experienced a NOD approximately 55% lower than ozone solutions without HPCD and HPCD was not degraded by ozone. Tween 80 did not have a half-life enhancing effect on aqueous-phase ozone, nor was the NOD reduced under the experimental conditions tested herein. The NOD of aquifer solids was found to be directly proportional to both the sediment organic matter and cation exchange capacity. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that the application of HPCD to groundwater solutions containing ozone can enhance the lifespan of ozone and decrease the NOD of the porous media. The results reported in this study have implications towards the development of a facilitated transport enabled-in-situ chemical oxidation method for the treatment off 1,4-dioxane-contaminated source zones and groundwater plumes.
Download or read book In Situ Chemical Oxidation Using Unactivated Sodium Persulphate at a Former Gasoline Station written by Neelmoy Chaitanya Biswas and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contamination of aquifer systems by petroleum hydrocarbons is a global problem. Underground storage tanks used for storing these hydrocarbons often leak, resulting in subsurface contamination. The hazards associated with petroleum hydrocarbon contamination are mainly attributable to the BTEX compounds, namely benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes together with trimethylbenzenes (TMBs) and naphthalene due to their potential to impact human health and the ease with which they can enter the groundwater system. In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) is the delivery of strong chemical oxidants to the subsurface for the purpose of treating organic contaminants. ISCO can be an effective way to remediate organic contaminants from the soil and groundwater. Sodium persulphate is one of the newer oxidants to gain widespread use in treating petroleum hydrocarbon contamination, though without being fully understood. This investigation tested the ability of unactivated sodium persulphate in treating dissolved phase and residual BTEX contamination through bench-scale laboratory tests and a pilot-scale field study.
Download or read book Chemical Oxidation written by John A. Roth and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-05-31 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on present state of the art chemical oxidation technologies with regard to various wastewater applications. It is a valuable aid to engineers and scientists engaged in developing cost-effective solutions to complex water quality problems in today's regulatory environment.
Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment written by Mihaela I. Stefan and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) rely on the efficient generation of reactive radical species and are increasingly attractive options for water remediation from a wide variety of organic micropollutants of human health and/or environmental concern. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment covers the key advanced oxidation processes developed for chemical contaminant destruction in polluted water sources, some of which have been implemented successfully at water treatment plants around the world. The book is structured in two sections; the first part is dedicated to the most relevant AOPs, whereas the topics covered in the second section include the photochemistry of chemical contaminants in the aquatic environment, advanced water treatment for water reuse, implementation of advanced treatment processes for drinking water production at a state-of-the art water treatment plant in Europe, advanced treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater, and green technologies for water remediation. The advanced oxidation processes discussed in the book cover the following aspects: - Process principles including the most recent scientific findings and interpretation. - Classes of compounds suitable to AOP treatment and examples of reaction mechanisms. - Chemical and photochemical degradation kinetics and modelling. - Water quality impact on process performance and practical considerations on process parameter selection criteria. - Process limitations and byproduct formation and strategies to mitigate any potential adverse effects on the treated water quality. - AOP equipment design and economics considerations. - Research studies and outcomes. - Case studies relevant to process implementation to water treatment. - Commercial applications. - Future research needs. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment presents the most recent scientific and technological achievements in process understanding and implementation, and addresses to anyone interested in water remediation, including water industry professionals, consulting engineers, regulators, academics, students. Editor: Mihaela I. Stefan - Trojan Technologies - Canada
Download or read book Contaminants in the Subsurface written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-04-23 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At hundreds of thousands of commercial, industrial, and military sites across the country, subsurface materials including groundwater are contaminated with chemical waste. The last decade has seen growing interest in using aggressive source remediation technologies to remove contaminants from the subsurface, but there is limited understanding of (1) the effectiveness of these technologies and (2) the overall effect of mass removal on groundwater quality. This report reviews the suite of technologies available for source remediation and their ability to reach a variety of cleanup goals, from meeting regulatory standards for groundwater to reducing costs. The report proposes elements of a protocol for accomplishing source remediation that should enable project managers to decide whether and how to pursue source remediation at their sites.
Download or read book Innovative Electro chemical Oxidation Technology for the Remediation of Organic Contaminants in Soils written by Kalyan S. Chandhuri and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Groundwater and Soil Cleanup written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-11-21 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive, up-to-date review of technologies for cleaning up contaminants in groundwater and soil. It provides a special focus on three classes of contaminants that have proven very difficult to treat once released to the subsurface: metals, radionuclides, and dense nonaqueous-phase liquids such as chlorinated solvents. Groundwater and Soil Cleanup was commissioned by the Department of Energy (DOE) as part of its program to clean up contamination in the nuclear weapons production complex. In addition to a review of remediation technologies, the book describes new trends in regulation of contaminated sites and assesses DOE's program for developing new subsurface cleanup technologies.
Download or read book The Efficacy of Oxidative Coupling for Promoting In Situ Immobilization of Hydroxylated Aromatics in Contaminated Soil and Sediment Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many hydroxylated aromatic compounds (HACs), particularly small molecules such as substituted phenols, are common contaminants of surface and subsurface systems. The high environmental mobility of these contaminants, due to their relatively high water solubilities, is of particular concern. Abiotic and enzymatic oxidative coupling of this class of contaminants by natural sorbents may be significant in controlling the mobility of HACs and facilitate remediation efforts. The principal objectives of this study are to investigate: (1) the role of abiotic/enzymatic coupling reactions on the sequestration of HACs by natural sorbents; (2) the effects of sorbent structure and chemical composition on such sequestration; and (3) optimal conditions for the induction of these abiotic/enzymatic coupling reactions by addition of suitable catalysts and sorbents. Information gathered from the study will be useful in quantifying the behavior of this class of organic compounds in various subsurface contamination scenarios relevant to DOE facilities, and in specifying strategies for the selection and design of remediation technologies.
Download or read book Field Applications of In Situ Remediation Technologies written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 85% of the hazardous waste sites in the United States have contaminated ground water. The conventional approach for remediating contaminated ground water has been to extract the contaminated water, treat it above ground, and reinject or discharge the clean water ("pump- and-treat"). The recovered contaminants must be disposed of separately. It is becoming increasingly apparent that pump-and-treat technologies require considerable investment over extended period of time, and often times do not actually clean up the source of the contamination. Current policies and law stress "permanent" remedies over containment. Consequently, there is considerable interest and effort being expended on alternative, innovative treatment technologies for contaminated ground water. This report is one in a series that document recent pilot demonstrations and full-scale applications that either treat soil and ground water in place or increase the solubility and mobility of contaminants to improve their removal by other remediation technologies. It is hoped that this information will allow more regular consideration of new, less costly, and more effective technologies to address the problems associated with hazardous waste sites and petroleum.
Download or read book Oxidative Particle Mixtures for Groundwater Treatment written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The invention is a method and a composition of a mixture for degradation and immobilization of contaminants in soil and groundwater. The oxidative particle mixture and method includes providing a material having a minimal volume of free water, mixing at least one inorganic oxidative chemical in a granular form with a carrier fluid containing a fine grained inorganic hydrophilic compound and injecting the resulting mixture into the subsurface. The granular form of the inorganic oxidative chemical dissolves within the areas of injection, and the oxidative ions move by diffusion and/or advection, therefore extending the treatment zone over a wider area than the injection area. The organic contaminants in the soil and groundwater are degraded by the oxidative ions, which form solid byproducts that can sorb significant amounts of inorganic contaminants, metals, and radionuclides for in situ treatment and immobilization of contaminants. The method and composition of the oxidative particle mixture for long-term treatment and immobilization of contaminants in soil and groundwater provides for a reduction in toxicity of contaminants in a subsurface area of contamination without the need for continued injection of treatment material, or for movement of the contaminants, or without the need for continuous pumping of groundwater through the treatment zone, or removal of groundwater from the subsurface area of contamination.
Download or read book Semi Passive Chemical Oxidation Schemes for the Long Term Treatment of Contaminants written by Frank Schwartz and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In situ chemical oxidation or ISCO schemes involve the addition of a chemical oxidant, such as potassium permanganate (KMnO4), which destroys chlorinated solvents like TCE in a straightforward reaction. Although ISCO is now regarded as a developing technology in an industrial sense, beyond active flushing schemes, there have been relatively limited investigations in how ISCO might be better used. Our previous study showed that KMnO4 flushing approaches often would be frustrated by the inability to control the delivery of the treatment fluid due to precipitation of low-permeability reaction by-product like MnO2 and other problems. It was therefore suggested that development of a new ISCO scheme that can provide both destruction efficiencies and plugging control would be required. The goal of our current study is to develop a scientific basis for the use of new semi-passive, well-based ISCO systems for treating chlorinated ethylene in groundwater. More specifically, our work examines the possibilities of developing a slow release KMnO4 scheme. This scheme could be operated in a semi-passive manner with periodic additions of the slow-release KMnO4 solids into well-delivery systems. To our knowledge, a system of this type has not been demonstrated. Our current scientific work is then concerned with how to manufacture the slow release KMnO4 solids, how the well systems can be designed, and how they interact with the flow systems to maximize spreading. To achieve these goals, development of numerical models to simulate solute transport coupled with NAPL dissolution and chemical reaction with the oxidant is required. There is also a need for ways to control the local precipitation of MnO2 that could cause plugging near the wells, or at least remove the plugging materials. Moreover, the likely extent of spreading of KMnO4 added by the wells must be understood. Finally, the spacing of wells will depend in part how far KMnO4 ends up spreading away from the treatment zone. Thus, a geochemical study as to the reaction kinetics involving KMnO4 and natural aquifer materials including carbonates, metals, and natural organic matter is also required. We feel that research of the type we are conducting with the current DOE grant is vital to advancing the remediation technology to the industrial phase.
Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Simon Parsons and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The suitability of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for pollutant degradation was recognised in the early 1970s and much research and development work has been undertaken to commercialise some of these processes. AOPs have shown great potential in treating pollutants at both low and high concentrations and have found applications as diverse as ground water treatment, municipal wastewater sludge destruction and VOCs control. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment is an overview of the advanced oxidation processes currently used or proposed for the remediation of water, wastewater, odours and sludge. The book contains two opening chapters which present introductions to advanced oxidation processes and a background to UV photolysis, seven chapters focusing on individual advanced oxidation processes and, finally, three chapters concentrating on selected applications of advanced oxidation processes. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment will be invaluable to readers interested in water and wastewater treatment processes, including professionals and suppliers, as well as students and academics studying in this area. Dr Simon Parsons is a Senior Lecturer in Water Sciences at Cranfield University with ten years' experience of industrial and academic research and development.
Download or read book Wiley s Remediation Technologies Handbook written by Jay H. Lehr and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-07-22 with total page 1283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wiley's Remediation Technologies Handbook: Major Contaminant Chemicals and Chemical Groups, extracted from the Enviroglobe database, consists of 368 chemicals and chemical groups. This book lists in alphabetical order these chemical and chemical groups along with the numerous technologies, many of which are patented, or trademarked techniques, to remediate them. A short description of each of these technologies is provided along with appropriate references. Wiley's Remediation Technologies Handbook: Major Contaminant Chemicals and Chemical Groups: Covers the most important chemical and chemical groups that are found to pollute the environment, and the ways to remediate them. Gives succinct abstract describing the numerous technologies used to clean-up a wide range of pollutants. Provides the uses and limitations of each technique. Note: CD-ROM/DVD and other supplementary materials are not included as part of eBook file.
