Download or read book Drug Delivery and Development of Anti HIV Microbicides written by Jose das Neves and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-10-16 with total page 679 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The worldwide impact of HIV/AIDS is well recognized. This book provides for the first time a thorough and critical overview of current aspects, recent developments, and trends in the formulation and drug delivery concerning anti-HIV microbicides by leading scientists in the field. Additionally, pertinent regulatory aspects and socioeconomical issue

Download or read book Novel Approaches for the Delivery of Anti HIV Drugs written by José das Neves and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-05-20 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HIV/AIDS continues to be one of the most challenging individual and public health concerns of the present day. According to the UNAIDS, nearly 38 million individuals were living with the infection by the end of 2018, while 1.7 million new cases occurred during that same year. In spite of the numerous advances in the development and delivery of antiretroviral agents, both for treatment and prevention, several challenges remain. This book includes original research and review articles on innovative strategies and approaches for the formulation and delivery of anti-HIV drugs, including genetic material and other biopharmaceuticals. Different local and systemic delivery strategies are addressed based on different technologies intended for oral, transdermal, subcutaneous, vaginal, or rectal administration. Authored by eminent scientists in academia and nonprofit organizations involved in the development of antiretroviral drug products, this collection provides useful information for all those involved in HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention.

Download or read book Microbicides for Prevention of HIV Infection written by Jeremy Nuttall and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-06 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most promising new approaches for the prevention of HIV transmission, particularly for developing countries, involves topical, self-administered products known as microbicides. The development of microbicides is a long and complicated process, and this volume provides an overview of all the critical areas, from the selection of appropriate candidate molecules and their formulation, preclinical and clinical testing for safety and efficacy, strategies for product registration and finally, issues associated with product launch, distribution and access. The book will prove valuable to both those working in the field and all others who are interested in learning more about this product class, which has the potential to significantly impact the future of this devastating epidemic.

Download or read book Mass Transfer Phenomena and Pharmacokinetics in Topical Delivery of Anti HIV Microbicides written by Claire Funke and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topically applied anti-HIV microbicides are placed within a cultural, economic, and ethical context in order to motivate research into their development. This leads to the creation of a multi-scale, multi-step numerical model that incorporates gel spreading and drug diffusion. Use of this model allows conclusions to be drawn about how rheological characteristics of non-Newtonian gels affects the ultimate amount of drug being delivered into tissue. Dilution of the gels by natural fluid production has a strong effect on drug delivery, and osmolarity is investigated as a potential driver of fluid flow into (or out of) the lumen. The equations governing osmolarity driven solvent flow yield two dimensionless groups that can be optimized to produce improved drug delivery. Finally, osmolarity driven fluid flux is incorporated into the numerical model of gel spreading and drug diffusion, and an engineered gel is proposed.

Download or read book Drug Delivery and Development of Anti HIV Microbicides written by José das Neves and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-10-16 with total page 709 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The worldwide impact of HIV/AIDS is well recognized. This book provides for the first time a thorough and critical overview of current aspects, recent developments, and trends in the formulation and drug delivery concerning anti-HIV microbicides by leading scientists in the field. Additionally, pertinent regulatory aspects and socioeconomical issues related to the subject are discussed. In the absence of a cure, prophylaxis represents a cornerstone in the battle against infection. One promising strategy comprises the use around the time of sexual intercourse of vaginal/rectal products containing antiviral compounds, termed microbicides. It is now recognized that specific development of drug dosage forms and/or drug delivery systems is an indispensable aspect for the success of microbicides. Different groups strived over the last decade to optimize the biophysical and technological performance of traditional dosage forms (gels, tablets, and suppositories) to fulfill the specificities of microbicides use, without neglecting users’ preferences and affordability issues. Moreover, new formulation approaches, such as vaginal rings and films, nanotechnology-based systems, stimuli-sensitive formulations, targeted drug delivery systems, among others have been proposed and are currently undergoing pre-clinical or even clinical testing.

Download or read book Novel Approaches for the Delivery of Anti HIV Drugs written by José das Neves and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HIV/AIDS continues to be one of the most challenging individual and public health concerns of the present day. According to the UNAIDS, nearly 38 million individuals were living with the infection by the end of 2018, while 1.7 million new cases occurred during that same year. In spite of the numerous advances in the development and delivery of antiretroviral agents, both for treatment and prevention, several challenges remain. This book includes original research and review articles on innovative strategies and approaches for the formulation and delivery of anti-HIV drugs, including genetic material and other biopharmaceuticals. Different local and systemic delivery strategies are addressed based on different technologies intended for oral, transdermal, subcutaneous, vaginal, or rectal administration. Authored by eminent scientists in academia and nonprofit organizations involved in the development of antiretroviral drug products, this collection provides useful information for all those involved in HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention.

Download or read book Transport Phenomena and Pharmacokinetics of Anti HIV Microbicide Drug Delivery written by Savas Tasoglu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbicides are agents that can be applied to vaginal mucosal surfaces with the goal of blocking the transmission of sexually transmitted pathogens including HIV. They can be formulated in various delivery vehicles, including gels, creams, lotions, tablets or films. A recent study in South Africa has confirmed, for the first time, that a vaginal gel formulation of the antiretroviral drug Tenofovir, when topically applied, significantly inhibits sexual HIV transmission to women. However the gel for this drug, and anti-HIV microbicide vehicles in general, have not been designed using an understanding of how their spreading and retention in the vagina govern successful drug delivery. Elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory can be applied to model spreading of microbicide gels and films. This should incorporate the full rheological behavior, including how rheological properties change due to contact with, and dilution by, ambient vaginal fluids. A Carreau-like non-Newtonian model is adopted as a rheological model. The effects of three important factors, i.e., dilution by vaginal fluid, a yield stress of the gel and swelling, are investigated. Dilution accelerates the coating flow by creating a slippery region near the vaginal wall akin to a dilution boundary layer. The concept of a yield stress fluid is attractive because such a material may tend to stay in place after coating vulnerable surfaces. We show that the lubrication approximation, which eases the efforts of design, may be applied to the elastic wall-squeezing problem for a prototype gel with yield stress. For the important presence of significant swelling of the gel by absorption of vaginal fluid, the model indicates more rapid coating. Then we study films that can be preferable over gels due to several reasons in many parts of the world. A model is developed for transient swelling and spreading of a film, and subsequent distribution of an active drug throughout the vaginal lumen. We investigate the effects of combination of many factors. The theory developed here improves our understanding of the biophysics of microbicide gel and film flows in vivo. Ultimately, this dissertation contributes to a methodology that provides objective evaluations of microbicide gel and film performance and in the design of new, improved vehicles.

Download or read book Formulation Development And In vivo Studies Of Anti hiv Vaginal Film written by Bhargabjyoti Sahariah and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A tremendous development has been made in the field of controlled drug delivery system in the last few decades. The term control release has a meaning not only the scope of sustained action but also it implies a predictability and reproducibility in the drug release kinetics, which means the release of drug ingredients from the delivery system produce at a rate profile that is not only predictable kinetically, but also reproducible from one unit to another. Recently, several technical advancements have been made. The vagina is perhaps a less explored but efficient route for drug administration due to presence of dense blood vessels network and avoids liver first-pass. To date, most vaginal drug delivery systems have been formulated as conventional / traditional formulations such as gel, tablet etc. However, a clear justification subsists for providing long-term, controlled release of vaginal anti-retroviral in order to provide continuous protection against heterosexually transmitted HIV infection and to improve user compliance. The study is devoted to the development and characterization of Bio-adhesive Vaginal Film.

Download or read book Development of Advanced Delivery Systems for Microbicides written by Namita Giri and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HIV/AIDS still continues to be a pandemic and global emergency and is a leading cause of death among the women of reproductive age (15-49 yr). Women are more vulnerable for HIV infection due to anatomical and physiological features of female reproductive system. Various efforts are being explored to develop new HIV prevention technologies which could be particularly beneficial for women, such as cervical barriers and microbicides. Microbicides are anti-infective medication formulated for topical self-administration before intercourse to protect against HIV and other sexually transmitted pathogens presents potential intervention strategy. Topical administration of microbicides was found to be clinically effective in reducing the overall risk of HIV infection among high-risk women. One of the FDA approved microbicides, Tenofovir has shown efficacy in suppression of viral replication and exerted no safety concerns towards renal toxicity but low absorption from gel formulation is a concern. Formulations based on combination of microbicides was found to be more effective than formulations based on single microbicide. A primary focus of this dissertation research project is to design and develop a vaginal delivery system for combination of microbicides that can sustain the acidic environment of the vaginal cavity and able to release the loaded microbicides as response to change in pH. Microbicide loaded nanoparticles were prepared from Eudragit-S-100, incorporated with Tenofovir and Etravirine. The nanoparticles protected the encapsulated drugs and released the drugs as response to change in pH. The nanoparticles encapsulated two microbicides with different solubility profile without any cytotoxicity. Though, the nanoparticles were able to encapsulate the drug and release in simulated environment in a pH sensitive manner, encounters next challenge of mucosal layer which traps and limits the exposure of foreign particles. The later part of this dissertation project was to develop Dapivirine loaded mucus penetrating pH sensitive nanoparticles surface engineered with low molecular weight poly ethylene glycol. The aim of this work was to enhance the number of NPs reaching epithelia cells after crossing the physical barrier of mucosal layer. These surface modified nanoparticles were characterized for particle size distribution, morphology, drug loading. Cellular uptake profiles of mucus penetrating ES-100 nanoparticles was studied in human vaginal epithelial cells (VK2 E6/E7) using confocal microscopy. Cytotoxicity profile was studied using cell viability assays.

Download or read book Formulation Development and Evaluation of Microspheres of Anti HIV Drugs written by Ameeta Argal and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2015-02-12 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amongst the various route of drug administration, oral route is the most preferable one by the patients as it is easy and economical. Oral dosage forms may be conventional, sustained or controlled release. The best one is controlled release drug delivery system as it provides drug release at a predetermined, predictable and controlled rate. Earlier the patient had to take many drugs in combination and sometimes at different intervals for chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus, cancer and HIV. This treatment is prolonged, leading to patient non compliance, irritability or missing of dose resulting difficulty in treating the disease. Therefore mucoadhesive microspheres were prepared to overcome some of the problems of conventional drug delivery systems and also improve therapeutic efficacy of the drug. Mucoadhesive microspheres have a core of drug coated entirely with a mucoadhesive polymer. They have the potential to adhere to mucosa thus offering a targeted and controlled release drug delivery system.

Download or read book Nanomaterial Strategies to Enhance Antiretroviral Efficacy for Vaginal Drug Delivery written by Emily Anne Krogstad and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HIV continues to infect millions of people worldwide, and without an effective vaccine or cure available, there is need for new methods to prevent infection. Women are disproportionately impacted by HIV due to biologic vulnerabilities and social inequalities, and are especially at risk in places with high HIV incidence like sub-Saharan Africa. Topical microbicides are products in development that can be vaginally administered to prevent HIV infection. Since microbicides are a female-initiated product, they would fill an important gap in the array of currently available prevention options that are targeted toward men such as circumcision and condoms. Unfortunately, only one topical microbicide to date has demonstrated modest efficacy in clinical trials, with an overall 39% reduction in HIV acquisition. New strategies are needed to improve the effectiveness of topical microbicides. In this work, we explored several nanomaterials including nanoparticles, nanofibers, and nanoparticle/nanofiber composites as novel drug delivery platforms for topical microbicides. We hypothesized that by engineering nanocarriers to deliver multiple drugs in combination, provide sustained release, and have tailored interactions with cervicovaginal mucus, nanomaterials would allow for more effective delivery of antiretroviral drugs to vaginal tissue. We also explored nanofibers as a delivery vehicle for both drugs and nanoparticles and evaluated their ability to enhance vaginal retention relative to liquid-based dosage forms. We found that both nanoparticles and nanofibers offer much potential for enhancing drug delivery to vaginal tissue. Nanoparticles were developed to load several different antiretroviral drugs and show enhanced efficacy against HIV-1 in vitro compared to free drug alone. Nanofibers were demonstrated to be able to load many agents relevant to vaginal drug delivery at remarkably high levels (up to 60% by mass), provide both quick and sustained drug release, release active drug with action against HIV-1, and act as a physical and chemical barrier to sperm. Finally, nanoparticle/nanofiber composites were found to dramatically enhance nanoparticle and drug retention in the reproductive tract of mice, providing proof-of-concept for a new platform for the vaginal administration of nanoparticles that is both solid-state and practical to administer. We expect that results from this work will be impactful not only for the microbicide field, but also for other applications, including the prevention and treatment of other sexually transmitted infections, mucosal vaccination, and topical drug delivery to mucosal sites.

Download or read book Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research HIV written by Atta-ur-Rahman and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2015-11-27 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research – HIV is an eBook series that brings updated reviews to readers interested in learning about advances in the development of pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and other disorders associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The scope of the eBook series covers a range of topics including the medicinal chemistry and pharmacology of natural and synthetic drugs employed in the treatment of AIDS (including HAART) and resulting complications, and the virology and immunological study of HIV and related viruses. Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research – HIV is a valuable resource for pharmaceutical scientists, clinicians and postgraduate students seeking updated and critically important information for developing clinical trials and devising research plans in HIV/AIDS research. The second volume of this series features 5 chapters that cover a variety of topics including: - HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors - HIV in vaginal mucosa - Long-Acting Antiretroviral Formulations -The world of people living with HIV/AIDS.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Drug Delivery written by Heather A. E. Benson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-10-12 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide to the current research, major challenges, and future prospects of controlled drug delivery systems Controlled drug delivery has the potential to significantly improve therapeutic outcomes, increase clinical benefits, and enhance the safety of drugs in a wide range of diseases and health conditions. Fundamentals of Drug Delivery provides comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of the essential principles and processes of modern controlled drug delivery systems. Featuring contributions by respected researchers, clinicians, and pharmaceutical industry professionals, this edited volume reviews the latest research in the field and addresses the many issues central to the development of effective, controlled drug delivery. Divided in three parts, the book begins by introducing the concept of drug delivery and discussing both challenges and opportunities within the rapidly evolving field. The second section presents an in-depth critique of the common administration routes for controlled drug delivery, including delivery through skin, the lungs, and via ocular, nasal, and otic routes. The concluding section summarizes the current state of the field and examines specific issues in drug delivery and advanced delivery technologies, such as the use of nanotechnology in dermal drug delivery and advanced drug delivery systems for biologics. This authoritative resource: Covers each main stage of the drug development process, including selecting pharmaceutical candidates and evaluating their physicochemical characteristics Describes the role and application of mathematical modelling and the influence of drug transporters in pharmacokinetics and drug disposition Details the physiology and barriers to drug delivery for each administration route Presents a historical perspective and a look into the possible future of advanced drug delivery systems Explores nanotechnology and cell-mediated drug delivery, including applications for targeted delivery and toxicological and safety issues Includes comprehensive references and links to the primary literature Edited by a team of of internationally-recognized experts, Fundamentals of Drug Delivery is essential reading for researchers, industrial scientists, and advanced students in all areas of drug delivery including pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical sciences, biomedical engineering, polymer and materials science, and chemical and biochemical engineering.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Drug Delivery written by Michael S. Roberts and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-09-30 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide to the current research, major challenges, and future prospects of controlled drug delivery systems Controlled drug delivery has the potential to significantly improve therapeutic outcomes, increase clinical benefits, and enhance the safety of drugs in a wide range of diseases and health conditions. Fundamentals of Drug Delivery provides comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of the essential principles and processes of modern controlled drug delivery systems. Featuring contributions by respected researchers, clinicians, and pharmaceutical industry professionals, this edited volume reviews the latest research in the field and addresses the many issues central to the development of effective, controlled drug delivery. Divided in three parts, the book begins by introducing the concept of drug delivery and discussing both challenges and opportunities within the rapidly evolving field. The second section presents an in-depth critique of the common administration routes for controlled drug delivery, including delivery through skin, the lungs, and via ocular, nasal, and otic routes. The concluding section summarizes the current state of the field and examines specific issues in drug delivery and advanced delivery technologies, such as the use of nanotechnology in dermal drug delivery and advanced drug delivery systems for biologics. This authoritative resource: Covers each main stage of the drug development process, including selecting pharmaceutical candidates and evaluating their physicochemical characteristics Describes the role and application of mathematical modelling and the influence of drug transporters in pharmacokinetics and drug disposition Details the physiology and barriers to drug delivery for each administration route Presents a historical perspective and a look into the possible future of advanced drug delivery systems Explores nanotechnology and cell-mediated drug delivery, including applications for targeted delivery and toxicological and safety issues Includes comprehensive references and links to the primary literature Edited by a team of of internationally-recognized experts, Fundamentals of Drug Delivery is essential reading for researchers, industrial scientists, and advanced students in all areas of drug delivery including pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical sciences, biomedical engineering, polymer and materials science, and chemical and biochemical engineering.

Download or read book Nanotechnologies in Preventive and Regenerative Medicine written by Vuk Uskokovic and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-10-30 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnologies in Preventative and Regenerative Medicine demonstrates how control at the nanoscale can help achieve earlier diagnoses and create more effective treatments. Chapters take a logical approach, arranging materials by their area of application. Biomaterials are, by convention, divided according to the area of their application, with each chapter outlining current challenges before discussing how nanotechnology and nanomaterials can help solve these challenges This applications-orientated book is a valuable resource for researchers in biomedical science who want to gain a greater understanding on how nanotechnology can help create more effective vaccines and treatments, and to nanomaterials researchers seeking to gain a greater understanding of how these materials are applied in medicine. Demonstrates how nanotechnology can help achieve more successful diagnoses at an earlier stage Explains how nanomaterials can be manipulated to create more effective drug treatments Offers suggestions on how the use of nanotechnology might have future applications to create even more effective treatments

Download or read book Bioadhesives in Drug Delivery written by K. L. Mittal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-05-12 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the phenomenon of bioadhesion i.e. its theories or mechanism(s) are of critical importance in developing optimum bioadhesive polymers (used in bioadhesives). Such bioadhesive polymers are the key for exhibiting the process of bioadhesion, controlled/sustained release of drugs, and drug targeting. The use of bioadhesives restricts the delivery system to the site of interest and thus offers a useful and efficient technique for targeting a drug to the desired location for a prolonged duration. This book addresses the various relevant aspects of bioadhesives in drug delivery in an easily accessible and unified manner. The book containing 12 chapters written by eminent researchers from many parts of the globe is divided into three parts: Part 1: Fundamental Aspects; Part 2: Bioadhesive Formulations; Part 3: Drug Delivery Applications. The topics covered include: Theories and mechanisms of bioadhesion; bioadhesive polymers for drug delivery applications; methods for characterization of bioadhesiveness of drug delivery systems; bioadhesive films and drug delivery applications; bioadhesive nanoparticles; and bioadhesive hydrogels and applications ocular biodhesive drug delivery systems; buccal bioadhesive drug delivery systems; gastrointestinal bioadhesive drug delivery systems ; nasal bioadhesive drug delivery systems; vaginal drug delivery systems; pulmonary bioadhesive drug delivery systems.

Download or read book Drug Delivery Across Physiological Barriers written by Silvia Muro and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-27 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transport of pharmaceutical agents in the body is paramount to therapeutic efficacy. Advances in the past decades have rendered a remarkable improvement of drug delivery strategies, which has helped to increase the bioavailability of therapeutic agents by protecting them from degradation, targeting them to diseased sites, and controlling their circ